Suchergebnisse

ArchaeologyBassie‐Sweet, Karen, At the edge of the world: caves and Late Classic Maya world viewBlanton, Richard E. et al., Ancient Oaxaca: the Monte Albán stateBrown, A.G. Alluvial geoarchaeology: floodplain archaeology and environmental changeClassen, Cheryl, ShellsGimbutas, Marija. The living goddessesKROEBER, ALFRED L. & DONALD COLLIER. The archaeology and pottery of Nazca, Peru: Alfred L. Kroeber's 1926 expeditionGenderArchetti, Eduardo P. Masculinities: football, polo and the tango in ArgentinaBray, Francesca. Technology and gender: fabrics of power in Late Imperial ChinaDoniger, Wendy. Splitting the difference: gender and myth in ancient Greece and India.Hodes, Martha. White women, black men: illicit sex in the nineteenth‐century south.Huber, Mary Taylor & Nancy C. Lutkehaus (eds). Gendered missions: women and men in missionary discourse and practiceRobertson, Jennifer. Takarazuka: sexual politics and popular culture in modern Japan.Stürzenhofecker, Gabriele. Times enmeshed: gender, space, and history among the Duna of Papua New GuineaTrumbach, Randolph. Sex and the gender revolution: 1, Homosexuality and the third gender in Enlightenment LondonWilkinson‐Weber, Clare M. Embroidering lives: women's work and skill in the Lucknow embroidery industryGeneralBley, Daniel & Gilles Boëtsch. L'anthropologie démographiqueBlunt, Peter & D. Michael Warren. Indigenous organizations and developmentCarstairs‐Mccarthy, Andrew. The origins of complex language: an inquiry into the evolutionary beginnings of sentences, syllables, and truthCastells, Manuel. The information age: economy, society and culture, Volume I: The rise of the network society.; Volume II: The power of identity; Volume III: End of MillenniumClammer, John. Contemporary urban Japan: a sociology of consumptionCrump, Thomas. Solar eclipseElster, Jon. Alchemies of the mind: rationality and the emotions.Harper, Donald. Early Chinese medical literature: the Mawangdui medical manuscriptsHunt, Robert C. & Antonio Gilman (eds). Property in economic contextJulien, Marie‐Pierre & Jean‐Pierre Warnier (eds). Approches de la culture matérielle: corps à corps avec l'objetKlein, Richard G. The human career: human biological and cultural originsMacclancy, Jeremy (ed.). Contesting art: art, politics and identity in the modern worldNersessian, V.N. (compiler). A bibliography of articles on Armenian studies in Western journals 1869–1995.NüRnberger, Marianne. Dance is the language of the gods: the Chitrasena School and the traditional roots of Sri Lankan stage danceP´cs, Éva. Between the living and the dead: a perspective on witches and seers in the Early Modern AgePrice, Catherine. The Oglala people 1841– 1879: a political historyTiyavanich, Kamala. Forest recollections: wandering monks in twentieth‐century ThailandVan Gelder, Geert Jan. Of dishes and discourses: classical Arabic literary representations of foodWarnier, Jean‐Pierre. Construire la culture matérielle: l'homme qui pensait avec les doigtsWhite Bull, Joseph. Lakota warriorPolitical AnthropologyBerdahl, Daphne. Where the world ended: re‐unification and identity in the German borderlandMartinez Saldana, Tomas & Jacinta Palerm Viqueira (eds). Antologia sobre pequeño riegoMeyer, Birgit & Peter Geschiere (eds). Globalization and identity: dialectics of flow and closureMiles, William F.S. Bridging mental boundaries in a postcolonial microcosm: identity and development in VanuatuMuller, Jean‐Claude. Jeux de miroirs: structures politiques du haut plateau nigérianRedmond, Elsa M. (ed.) Chiefdoms and chieftaincy in the AmericasSørensen, Birgitte Refslund. Relocated lives: displacement and resettlement within the Mahaweli Project, Sri LankaVan Der Veer, Peter & Hartmut Lehmann (eds). Nation and religion: perspectives on Europe and Asia.Wolf, Eric R. Envisioning power: ideologies of dominance and crisisSocial AnthropologyBarnes, R.H. Sea hunters of Indonesia: fishers and weavers of LamaleraBierwert, Crisca. Brushed by cedar, living by the river: Coast Salish figures of powerCarter, Donald Martin. States of grace: Senegalese in Italy and the new European immigrationCollard, Chantal. Une famille, un village, une nation: la parenté dans Charlevoix 1900–1960Freeman, Milton M.R. et al. Inuit, whaling, and sustainabilityGodelier, Maurice & Michel Panoff (eds). La production du corps: approches anthropologiques et historiquesGodelier, Maurice & Michel Panoff (eds). Le corps humain: supplicié, possédé, cannibaliséHansen, Karen Tranberg. Keeping house in LusakaHansen, Thomas Blom. The saffron wave: democracy and Hindu nationalism in modern IndiaLewis, Ioan M. Arguments with ethnography: comparative approaches to history, politics and religionNicolaisen, Johannes & Ida Nicolaisen. The pastoral Tuareg: ecology, culture and societyScheper‐Hughes, Nancy & Carolyn Sargent (eds). Small wars: the cultural politics of childhoodSimpson, Bob. Changing families: an ethnographic approach to divorce and separationTelban, Borut. Dancing through time: a Sepik cosmology

-Bridget Brereton, Emilia Viotti Da Costa, Crowns of glory, tears of blood: The Demerara slave rebellion of 1823. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. xix + 378 pp.-Grant D. Jones, Assad Shoman, 13 Chapters of a history of Belize. Belize city: Angelus, 1994. xviii + 344 pp.-Donald Wood, K.O. Laurence, Tobago in wartime 1793-1815. Kingston: The Press, University of the West Indies, 1995. viii + 280 pp.-Trevor Burnard, Howard A. Fergus, Montserrat: History of a Caribbean colony. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1994. x + 294 pp.-John L. Offner, Joseph Smith, The Spanish-American War: Conflict in the Caribbean and the Pacific, 1895-1902. London: Longman, 1994. ix + 262 pp.-Louis Allaire, John M. Weeks ,Ancient Caribbean. New York: Garland, 1994. lxxi + 325 pp., Peter J. Ferbel (eds)-Aaron Segal, Hilbourne A. Watson, The Caribbean in the global political economy. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994. ix + 261 pp.-Aaron Segal, Anthony P. Maingot, The United States and the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1994. xi + 260 pp.-Bill Maurer, Helen I. Safa, The myth of the male breadwinner: Women and industrialization in the Caribbean. Boulder CO: Westview, 1995. xvi + 208 pp.-Peter Meel, Edward M. Dew, The trouble in Suriname, 1975-1993. Westport CT: Praeger, 1994. xv + 243 pp.-Henry Wells, Jorge Heine, The last Cacique: Leadership and politics in a Puerto Rican city. Pittsburgh PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993. ix + 310 pp.-Susan Eckstein, Jorge F. Pérez-López, Cuba at a crossroads: Politics and economics after the fourth party congress. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xviii + 282 pp.-David A.B. Murray, Marvin Leiner, Sexual politics in Cuba: Machismo, homosexuality, and AIDS. Boulder CO: Westview, 1994. xv + 184 pp.-Kevin A. Yelvington, Selwyn Ryan ,Sharks and sardines: Blacks in business in Trinidad and Tobago. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Institute of social and economic studies, University of the West Indies, 1992. xiv + 217 pp., Lou Anne Barclay (eds)-Catherine Levesque, Allison Blakely, Blacks in the Dutch world: The evolution of racial imagery in a modern society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. xix + 327 pp.-Dennis J. Gayle, Frank Fonda Taylor, 'To hell with paradise': A history of the Jamaican tourist industry. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993. ix + 239 pp.-John P. Homiak, Frank Jan van Dijk, Jahmaica: Rastafari and Jamaican society, 1930-1990. Utrecht: ISOR, 1993. 483 pp.-Peter Mason, Arthur MacGregor, Sir Hans Sloane: Collector, scientist, antiquary, founding Father of the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1994.-Philip Morgan, James Walvin, The life and times of Henry Clarke of Jamaica, 1828-1907. London: Frank Cass, 1994. xvi + 155 pp.-Werner Zips, E. Kofi Agorsah, Maroon heritage: Archaeological, ethnographic and historical perspectives. Kingston: Canoe Press, 1994. xx + 210 pp.-Michael Hoenisch, Werner Zips, Schwarze Rebellen: Afrikanisch-karibischer Freiheitskampf in Jamaica. Vienna Promedia, 1993. 301 pp.-Elizabeth McAlister, Paul Farmer, The uses of Haiti. Monroe ME: Common Courage Press, 1994. 432 pp.-Robert Lawless, James Ridgeway, The Haiti files: Decoding the crisis. Washington DC: Essential Books, 1994. 243 pp.-Bernadette Cailler, Michael Dash, Edouard Glissant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xii + 202 pp.-Peter Hulme, Veronica Marie Gregg, Jean Rhys's historical imagination: Reading and writing the Creole. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xi + 228 pp.-Silvia Kouwenberg, Francis Byrne ,Focus and grammatical relations in Creole languages. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993. xvi + 329 pp., Donald Winford (eds)-John H. McWhorter, Ingo Plag, Sentential complementation in Sranan: On the formation of an English-based Creole language. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1993. ix + 174 pp.-Percy C. Hintzen, Madan M. Gopal, Politics, race, and youth in Guyana. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, 1992. xvi + 289 pp.-W.C.J. Koot, Hans van Hulst ,Pan i rèspèt: Criminaliteit van geïmmigreerde Curacaose jongeren. Utrecht: OKU. 1994. 226 pp., Jeanette Bos (eds)-Han Jordaan, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, Een zweem van weemoed: Verhalen uit de Antilliaanse slaventijd. Curacao: Caribbean Publishing, 1993. 175 pp.-Han Jordaan, Ingvar Kristensen, Plantage Savonet: Verleden en toekomst. Curacao: STINAPA, 1993, 73 pp.-Gerrit Noort, Hesdie Stuart Zamuel, Johannes King: Profeet en apostel in het Surinaamse bosland. Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum, 1994. vi + 241 pp.

The concept of manhood was immensely important in ancient Athens, shaping its political, social, legal, and ethical systems. This book, a groundbreaking study of manhood in fourth-century Athens, is the first to provide a comprehensive examination of notions about masculinity found in the Attic orators, who represent one of the most important sources for understanding the social history of this period. While previous studies have assumed a uniform ideology about manhood, Joseph Roisman finds that Athenians had quite varied opinions about what constituted manly values and conduct. He situates the evidence for ideas about manhood found in the Attic orators in its historical, ideological, and theoretical contexts to explore various manifestations of Athenian masculinity as well as the rhetoric that both articulated and questioned it. Roisman focuses on topics such as the nexus between manhood and age; on Athenian men in their roles as family members, friends, and lovers; on the concept of masculine shame; on relations between social and economic status and manhood; on manhood in the military and politics; on the manly virtue of self-control; and on what men feared

-Leslie G. Desmangles, Joan Dayan, Haiti, history, and the Gods. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. xxiii + 339 pp.-Barry Chevannes, James T. Houk, Spirits, blood, and drums: The Orisha religion in Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xvi + 238 pp.-Barry Chevannes, Walter F. Pitts, Jr., Old ship of Zion: The Afro-Baptist ritual in the African Diaspora. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xvi + 199 pp.-Robert J. Stewart, Lewin L. Williams, Caribbean theology. New York: Peter Lang, 1994. xiii + 231 pp.-Robert J. Stewart, Barry Chevannes, Rastafari and other African-Caribbean worldviews. London: Macmillan, 1995. xxv + 282 pp.-Michael Aceto, Maureen Warner-Lewis, Yoruba songs of Trinidad. London: Karnak House, 1994. 158 pp.''Trinidad Yoruba: From mother tongue to memory. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. xviii + 279 pp.-Erika Bourguignon, Nicola H. Götz, Obeah - Hexerei in der Karibik - zwischen Macht und Ohnmacht. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1995. 256 pp.-John Murphy, Hernando Calvo Ospina, Salsa! Havana heat: Bronx Beat. London: Latin America Bureau, 1995. viii + 151 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Stephen Stuempfle, The steelband movement: The forging of a national art in Trinidad and Tobago. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. xx + 289 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Jay R. Mandle ,Caribbean Hoops: The development of West Indian basketball. Langhorne PA: Gordon and Breach, 1994. ix + 121 pp., Joan D. Mandle (eds)-Edmund Burke, III, Lewis R. Gordon ,Fanon: A critical reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. xxi + 344 pp., T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, Renée T. White (eds)-Keith Alan Sprouse, Ikenna Dieke, The primordial image: African, Afro-American, and Caribbean Mythopoetic text. New York: Peter Lang, 1993. xiv + 434 pp.-Keith Alan Sprouse, Wimal Dissanayake ,Self and colonial desire: Travel writings of V.S. Naipaul. New York : Peter Lang, 1993. vii + 160 pp., Carmen Wickramagamage (eds)-Yannick Tarrieu, Moira Ferguson, Jamaica Kincaid: Where the land meets the body: Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994. xiii + 205 pp.-Neil L. Whitehead, Vera Lawrence Hyatt ,Race, discourse, and the origin of the Americas: A new world view. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. xiii + 302 pp., Rex Nettleford (eds)-Neil L. Whitehead, Patricia Seed, Ceremonies of possession in Europe's conquest of the new world, 1492-1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. viii + 199 pp.-Livio Sansone, Michiel Baud ,Etnicidad como estrategia en America Latina y en el Caribe. Arij Ouweneel & Patricio Silva. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 214 pp., Kees Koonings, Gert Oostindie (eds)-D.C. Griffith, Linda Basch ,Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorialized nation-states. Langhorne PA: Gordon and Breach, 1994. vii + 344 pp., Nina Glick Schiller, Cristina Szanton Blanc (eds)-John Stiles, Richard D.E. Burton ,French and West Indian: Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana today. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia; London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1995. xii + 202 pp., Fred Réno (eds)-Frank F. Taylor, Dennis J. Gayle ,Tourism marketing and management in the Caribbean. New York: Routledge, 1993. xxvi + 270 pp., Jonathan N. Goodrich (eds)-Ivelaw L. Griffith, John La Guerre, Structural adjustment: Public policy and administration in the Caribbean. St. Augustine: School of continuing studies, University of the West Indies, 1994. vii + 258 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Kelvin A. Santiago-Valles, 'Subject People' and colonial discourses: Economic transformation and social disorder in Puerto Rico, 1898-1947. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994. xiii + 304 pp.-Alicia Pousada, Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing prejudice: Puerto Rican experiences of language, race, and class. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. xiv + 222 pp.-David A.B. Murray, Ian Lumsden, Machos, Maricones, and Gays: Cuba and homosexuality. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. xxvii + 263 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., Georges A. Fauriol, Haitian frustrations: Dilemmas for U.S. policy. Washington DC: Center for strategic & international studies, 1995. xii + 236 pp.-Leni Ashmore Sorensen, David Barry Gaspar ,More than Chattel: Black women and slavery in the Americas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. xi + 341 pp., Darlene Clark Hine (eds)-A. Lynn Bolles, Verene Shepherd ,Engendering history: Caribbean women in historical perspective. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1995. xxii + 406 pp., Bridget Brereton, Barbara Bailey (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Mary Turner, From chattel slaves to wage slaves: The dynamics of labour bargaining in the Americas. Kingston: Ian Randle; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; London: James Currey, 1995. x + 310 pp.-Carl E. Swanson, Duncan Crewe, Yellow Jack and the worm: British Naval administration in the West Indies, 1739-1748. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993. x + 321 pp.-Jerome Egger, Wim Hoogbergen, Het Kamp van Broos en Kaliko: De geschiedenis van een Afro-Surinaamse familie. Amsterdam: Prometheus, 1996. 213 pp.-Ellen Klinkers, Lila Gobardhan-Rambocus ,De erfenis van de slavernij. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit, 1995. 297 pp., Maurits S. Hassankhan, Jerry L. Egger (eds)-Kevin K. Birth, Sylvia Moodie-Kublalsingh, The Cocoa Panyols of Trinidad: An oral record. London & New York: British Academic Press, 1994. xiii + 242 pp.-David R. Watters, C.N. Dubelaar, The Petroglyphs of the Lesser Antilles, the Virgin Islands and Trinidad. Amsterdam: Foundation for scientific research in the Caribbean region, 1995. vii + 492 pp.-Suzannah England, Mitchell W. Marken, Pottery from Spanish shipwrecks, 1500-1800. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xvi + 264 pp.

Der vorliegende Artikel beruht auf Daten einer Studie, die sich mit der Frage beschäftigt, wie verschiedene soziale und kulturelle Gruppen die Risiken von Einkommens- und Arbeitsplatzverlust wahrnehmen und darauf reagieren. Autoren wie LASH, DOUGLAS und LUPTON betonten die Bedeutung von Gruppenzugehörigkeit und sozialen Kategorien für die Strukturierung der Reaktionsweisen auf verschiedene Risikoarten. Sie sprechen daher lieber von Risikokulturen als von der Risikogesellschaft. Trotzdem erkennen sie an, dass es bisher wenig Forschung gibt, die diesen Sachverhalt empirisch untersucht. In einem ersten Untersuchungsschritt wurden die Beziehungen zwischen Risiken und sozialen Unterschieden mit Hilfe von zwei Fokusgruppen in zwei Regionen Großbritanniens analysiert. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt auf Arbeitsplatz- und Einkommensrisiken. Die Gruppen setzten sich zusammen aus lesbischen, schwulen und bisexuellen Personen; Angehörigen von schwarzen und ethnischen Minoritäten; Behinderten sowie Personen, die aktiv eine Religion ausüben. Die Teilnehmenden sahen keine enge Verbindung zwischen ihrer Sexualität, Rasse oder Religion und ihrer Wahrnehmung von oder Reaktion auf Risiken. Einkommen und Einstellungsfaktoren wurden als einflußreicher angesehen. Trotzdem sahen Behinderte ihre Möglichkeiten, auf Risiken zu reagieren, durch ihr Behindertsein systematisch eingeschränkt.

"Political Correctness" scheint zur modernen liberalen Demokratie heute dazuzugehören. Liberale Demokratie, Menschenrechte, Universalität und Gleichheit sind dabei Teile eines Konzeptes, das die westliche Welt für sich beansprucht und in andere Regionen der Welt exportieren möchte. Außenseiter sprechen polemisch von der "Diktatur der Guten". Ist PC also eine neue Intoleranz, ein neuer McCarthyism, gar Meinungsdiktatur? Im Alltag treffen wir immer wieder auf den Begriff der PC, aber was bedeutet er genau? Die Beiträge dieses Sammelwerks befassen sich mit der Zeit und Zeitbedingtheit von Political Correctness, mit Normen und Moral, um den Sinn von Denkverboten und Sittenkodices festzustellen, analysieren und dann beurteilen zu können. (JA).

[spa] En este trabajo se investiga la "Poética del Pathos en la iconografía de la pintura mexicana del siglo XX". Uno de los motivos de dicha investigación ha sido la enorme expectación que se creó en México en la década de los años veinte del siglo XX frente al renacimiento artístico de la pintura mural y de caballete, creada bajo el patrocinio del Gobierno de México. El Ministro de Educación José Vasconcelos convocó a los pintores que se encontraban en Europa o Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, para decorar los edificios gubernamentales y dar sentido a la Revolución de 1910. Entre ellos Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros y José Clemente Orozco que desde el principio destacaron por sus propuestas pictóricas, lo cual dio origen a una polémica en torno a las imágenes o iconos, signos y símbolos expuestos. Por primera vez se expresaba pictóricamente a los indígenas de una forma diferente; frente a las injusticias cometidas durante la Colonia, las fiestas populares, así como reivindicaciones sindicales o ideológicas desde el indigenismo hasta el marxismo dado la implicación de algunos pintores (Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros), y sobretodo la reafirmación de la propia identidad a través del nacionalismo. Esto dio lugar a un renacimiento pictórico, hecho artístico que se conoce como La Escuela Mexicana de Pintura.La consecuencia de esta propuesta estética en el siglo XX ha sido la obra pictórica, así como el grabado de artistas tales como: Frida Kahlo, Rufino Tamayo, María Izquierdo, José Luís Cuevas, Juan Soriano, Rafael y Pedro Coronel, Jorge González Camarena, Lilia Carrillo, Francisco Toledo, Francisco Castro Leñero, Antonio Peláez, Nahum B. Zenil, Carlos Arriola, Alejandro Arango, Gabriel Macotela, Germán Venegas, Rafael Cauduro, Martha Pacheco, Alfredo Castañeda, Arturo Solari, Roberto Parodi, Dulce María Nuñez, Rocío Maldonado, Julio Galán, Marisa Lara, Arnaldo Cohen, Abraham Mauricio, Rodolfo Morales, Filemón Santiago, Ismael Vargas, Esteban Azamar, o Dalia Monroy por citar algunos de los más destacados y que en la actualidad continúa despertando admiración alcanzando cotas inimaginables en el mercado de arte, lo que ha hecho emerger mitos como el de Frida Kahlo. La investigación sobre el "Análisis de la Poética del Pathos en la iconografía de la Pintura Mexicana del siglo XX" está dividida en tres partes. En la primera se hace una aproximación a dicha poética a través de las teorías y el método que se usan como herramienta de investigación desde el punto de vista estético. En nuestro caso es el Método Iconológico, a partir de la Teoría del símbolo propuesta por Hegel y Cassirer hasta llegar a Abby Warburg el iniciador de la Iconología, la ciencia que estudia el significado de las imágenes o iconos y Edwin Panofski el creador de la Metodología Iconológica así como Esnest Gombrich entre otros por su implicación en el significado de la imagen. También se ha hecho una aproximación a la Semiótica tomando en cuenta a autores tales como Ferdinand de Saussure y Charles Peirce, así como las propuestas de Umberto Eco y la dificultad que comporta para la interpretación de la obra de arte. Finalmente se aplica en esta investigación el Método Iconológico con rigor metodológico.La segunda parte es una aproximación a los acontecimientos sociopolíticos y socioculturales de México, así como a la estética y plástica tanto precolombina como de la época de la Colonia hasta llegar al siglo XIX y XX. Estos últimos acontecimientos que han marcado profundamente la sensibilidad de los artistas se han plasmado en el muro o el lienzo, añadiendo reivindicaciones de actualidad como el feminismo o la homosexualidad, y un neomexicanismo como reafirmación de la propia identidad. La conclusión final es que los nuevos iconos mexicanos del siglo XX son producto del contexto sociocultural mexicano. ; [eng] This study examines the Poetic art of Pathos in the iconography of twentieth century Mexican painting. There arose in Mexico in the 1920's strong interest in the artistic renaissance encouraged by the Mexican government. Among the pioneers were Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and José Clemente Orozco, who stood out from the beginning for their proposals, which gave rise to the polemics surrounding the images or icons, signs and symbols they used. For the first time pre-Columbian ideas, the injustices committed during the colonization, popular fiestas and ethnicity were expressed in painting. They also expressed syndicalist or ideological demands, ranging from the indigenous peoples to Marxism, thanks to the involvement of certain painters (Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros) and especially the reaffirmation of their own identity via nationalism. This led to a renaissance in painting which is known as the Mexican school of painting. This twentieth century proposal has led to the paintings and engravings of such artists as Frida Kahlo, Rufino Tamayo, María Izquierdo, José Luis Cuevas and Julio Galán, among many others. They continue to arouse admiration and their works are highly priced on the art market. The research is divided into three parts. In the first part we follow the Iconological Method, based on the theory of the symbol proposed by Hegel and Cassirer, down to Abby Warburg, the originator of Iconology and Erwin Panofski, the creator of the Iconological Method. We have also approached semiotics, taking into account authors like Ferdinand Saussure and Charles Peirce, together with the proposals of Umberto Eco and the difficulty entailed therein. Finally, we rigorously apply the Iconological Method to this research. In the second part we deal with the socio-political and socio-cultural context, together with the aesthetics of the pre-Columbian era and the time of colonization, until we reach the 19th and 20th centuries. These events, which have had a profound effect on the sensitivity of theartists, are expressed in the mural paintings. Among contemporary demands we find feminism or homosexuality, or neo-Mexicanism as a statement of identity The study concludes that the new Mexican icons of the 20th century are the product of the socio-cultural context of Mexico.