Suchergebnisse

A multi-sectorial regime of protection including international treaties, conservation and security measures, demand reduction campaigns and quasi-military interventions has been established to protect rhinos. Despite these efforts, the poaching of rhinos and trafficking of rhino horn continue unabated. This dissertation asks why the illegal market in rhinoceros horn is so resilient in spite of the myriad measures employed to disrupt it. A theoretical approach grounded in the sociology of markets is applied to explain the structure and functioning of the illegal market. The project follows flows of rhino horn from the source in southern Africa to illegal markets in Southeast Asia. The multi-sited ethnography included participant observations, interviews and focus groups with 416 informants during fourteen months of fieldwork. The sample comprised of, amongst others, convicted and active rhino poachers, smugglers and kingpins, private rhino breeders and hunting outfitters, African and Asian law enforcement officials, as well as affected local communities and Asian consumers. Court files, CITES trade data, archival materials, newspaper reports and social media posts were also analysed to supplement findings and to verify and triangulate data from interviews, focus groups and observations. Central to the analysis is the concept of "contested illegality", a legitimization mechanism employed by market participants along the different segments of the horn supply chain. These actors' implicit or explicit contestation of the state-sponsored label of illegality serves as a legitimising and enabling mechanism, facilitating participation in gray or illegal markets for rhino horn. The research identified fluid interfaces between legal, illegal and gray markets, with recurring actors who have access to transnational trade structures, and who also possess market and product knowledge, as well as information about the regulatory regime and its loopholes. It is against the background of colonial, apartheid and neoliberal exploitation and marginalization of local communities that a second argument is introduced: the path dependency of conservation paradigms. Underpinning rhino conservation and regulation are archaic and elitist conservation regimes that discount the potential for harmonious relationships between local communities and wildlife. The increasing militarization of anti-poaching measures and green land grabs are exacerbating the rhino problem by alienating communities further from conservation areas and wild animals. The third argument looks at how actors deal with coordination problems in transnational illegal markets. Resolving the coordination problems of cooperation, value and competition are considered essential to the operation of formal markets. It is argued that the problem of security provides an additional and crucial obstacle to actors transacting in markets. The systematic analysis of flows between the researched sites of production, distribution and consumption of rhino horn shows that the social embeddedness of actors facilitates the flourishing of illegal markets in ways that escape an effective enforcement of CITES regulations.

In the context of the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the Horn of Africa remains one of the most dynamic and intriguing regions on the African continent. The political processes currently under way – including the recent conflict in Ethiopia's Tigray region – have deep implications that reflect on the domestic equilibria within the area's core states – Ethiopia itself, but also Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti – as well as on the relations among them. The nature and extent of involvement by external, non-African players is bound to be affected too. How is the Horn of Africa changing, following the leadership transition in Ethiopia? What are the main political and security prospects for the region and for the states belonging to it? And how will ongoing dynamics impact on European political strategies? ISPI. L'ISPI è un think tank indipendente dedicato allo studio delle dinamiche politiche ed economiche internazionali fondato nel 1934. È l'unico istituto italiano – e tra i pochissimi in Europa – ad affiancare all'attività di ricerca un significativo impegno nella formazione, nella convegnistica e nell'analisi dei rischi e delle opportunità a livello mondiale per le imprese e le istituzioni. L'ISPI privilegia un approccio interdisciplinare e "policy-oriented" reso possibile da un team di ricerca di oltre 50 analisti e può inoltre contare su un network internazionale di 70 università, think tank e centri di ricerca. Nella classifica redatta dall'Università di Pennsylvania, l'ISPI si è posizionato al primo posto al mondo tra i "Think Tank to Watch" nel 2020.

"The Horn of Africa is a deeply troubled region engulfed in three interlocking crises. The first is a security crisis characterized by a range of devastating inter-state, intra-state and inter-communal conflicts. The second is an economic crisis, evidenced by widespread debilitating poverty, chronic food insecurity, and frequent cycles of famines. The effects of the third--environmental--crisis are all too visible in the droughts, deforestation and desertification ravaging the region. Furthermore, these three crises are mutually reinforcing, locking the region into a cycle of disaster. Conflicts contribute to poverty, which in turn intensifies environmental degradation, leading to scarcities which fuel further conflicts. In this clear and authoritative guide, Kidane Mengisteab explores the key drivers of instability in the Horn of Africa, suggesting structural and institutional changes that, if implemented, could help lift the region out of crisis. The Horn's complex crises must be tackled in a comprehensive manner. But, he contends, this can only be achieved if the causes of conflict are addressed head-on. Without peace, the region cannot resolve its economic problems, and nor can it develop the capabilities required to cope with environmental change. The Horn of Africa will be essential reading for students and scholars in conflict and security studies, as well as anyone with an interest in learning more about the dynamics of this troubled region."--Page 4 of cover.

Latest issue consulted: Vol. 2, no. 2 (Feb. 1908). ; Description based on: No. 5 (May 1907); title from cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Issued also in the same series as two continuously paged volumes with special titles: Bd.5:1 (1. T.) Die Denkmale des Gerichtsbezirkes Eggenburg und Geras; Bd.5:2 (2.T.) Die Denkmale des Gerichtsbezirkes Horn (Wien, A. Schroll, 1911) Cf. Deut. Bücherverz. ; Includes bibliographies. ; Mode of access: Internet.