Suchergebnisse

AbstractSocial security benefits provide an essential resource for most families on low incomes. This paper examines the life cycle of claiming activities, from the initial decision to claim through to routine claiming. New empirical evidence is drawn from a study of relatively low income households in South East England carried out by the Alvey DHSS Demonstrator Project. A number of analytical stages which comprise the "claiming process" are identified for the purpose of describing the complex sequence of events associated with claiming behaviour. The paper shows how adequate explanations of the life cycle of claiming activities need to be located within a broader analysis of decision‐making within relatively low income households.

This paper performs an efficiency analysis of households portfolios based on the comparison of observed portfolios with the mean-variance frontier of assets returns. Data on household portfolios are drawn from a representative sample of the Italian population with at least a bank account. We find that most households' portfolios are extremely close to the efficient frontier once we explicitly take into account no short-selling constraints, while the null hypothesis of efficiency is rejected for all portfolios if we don't consider these constraints.

Haushalte überdauern als widerstandsfähige Strukturen oft Krisenzeiten. Auch im Rahmen der heutigen Gesellschaften handeln die Repräsentantinnen und Repräsentanten ihrer Haushalte in erster Linie nach Markt- und Leistungsprinzipien in den Außenbeziehungen, während sie in den Binnenbeziehungen nach den Prinzipien der Pflege und Selbstversorgung vorgehen können, um die Reproduktion der Gemeinschaft und ihrer Mitglieder zu gewährleisten. Multilokale Arrangements erhalten oder erweitern die Möglichkeiten für die gesamte Haushaltsgemeinschaft, die wünschenswerten Lebensziele oder die benötigte Nahrung zu erreichen, zu teilen und zu genießen. Die Optionen und Zumutungen der Multilokalität sind zwischen den Mitgliedern empirisch meist ungleich verteilt, so dass die Dynamiken der Aushandlungen die Verlaufsformen der sozialen Praxis bestimmen und auf die Phasen der (multilokalen) Verortungen wirken.

This research examines the relationship between caregiving for elders, partitioned by place of residence, and being employed. Recent legislation in Hawaii (SB534 SD1) directed toward supporting working caregivers inspires this research project. Caregiving is an intensive activity that can affect not only physical and mental health but financial health as well. If caregiving activities lead to early retirement from the workforce then the financial effects go beyond immediate fiscal needs and can lead to the caregiver's own retirement funds and Social Security benefits to be reduced. Data (n=97,327) come from five years, 2011–2015, of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), a U.S. national household survey conducted on a subset of the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). The ATUS is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Employment is examined using logistic regression. Care time is examined by total time spent caregiving then partitioned into care time given to household members and care time given to non-household members. Care is further examined by count of elderly care receivers also partitioned by whether the care receivers live in the household of the caregiver. Results indicate that caregiving is associated with not being employed but there is a difference between caregiving for household members and non-household members. Caring for household members is more strongly related to unemployment than caring for non-household members.

The predominance of the nuclear family in England since the fourteenth century and the concomitant theory that English children normatively lived with their families of origin at least until adolescence has been an article of belief almost unquestioned in late-medieval English historiography over the past forty years. Studies of late-medieval childhood have, in fact, rarely analyzed the lived situations of medieval children, instead primarily addressing the literary or prescriptive representations of childhood or children's (mostly upper-class boys') education. This paper throws such assumptions and approaches into question. I analyze accounts of the situations of both boys and girls aged under thirteen, from a wide range of social backgrounds, embedded in the records of church courts and Chancery and Papal Petitions in the period 1350–1500. I argue that a range of factors—most notably death of a parent and illegitimate birth—rendered children liable to be shifted from household to household, often outside their nuclear family altogether. These situations may not have been rare; analysis of records of Inquisitions Post Mortem shows that in nearly twenty percent of a large sample of late-medieval English families, at least one parent died before the eldest child of the couple was thirteen. Furthermore, death of a father, or illegitimacy where the parents were either clerics or servants, could send children into a great range of non-nuclear family situations—short-term wardships with strangers, underage marriages, a variety of boarding arrangements. Hence, though our sources do not allow a rigorous statistical study of the numbers of late-medieval English children living outside (or between) nuclear families, they enable us better to appreciate the mobility of children outside the nuclear family and bring into view the great range of household situations in which they lived.