The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."
Summary of the Ottoman Empire was dominated by a vast territory that brought complexity and diversity. To exercise authority in multiple areas with different characteristics, Ottomans moulded various institutions, including waqf. The aim of this study is to analyse the ways in which the Ottoman Empire instrumentalised the establishment of waqf for domination and control purposes during the 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. This work provides an examination of Ottoman's ability to adapt to different circumstances with a view to extending its domain. He also questions the charitable ideal of waqf by dealing with various definitions of the concept, as well as its relationship with the conquest and design methods of cities implemented by the Ottoman Empire. ; Resumen El Imperio otomano tuvo bajo su dominio un vasto territorio que trajo consigo complejidad y diversidad. Para ejercer autoridad en múltiples zonas con características diferentes, los otomanos moldearon diversas instituciones, entre ellas el waqf. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las maneras en que el Imperio otomano instrumentalizó la institución del waqf para propósitos de dominación y control, durante los siglos XIV, XV, XVI y XVII. Este trabajo aporta un examen de la capacidad otomana para adaptarse a diferentes circunstancias con la intención de extender su dominio. Asimismo, cuestiona el ideal caritativo del waqf mediante el tratamiento de diversas definiciones del concepto, así como su relación con los métodos de conquista y diseño de ciudades implementados por el Imperio otomano.
With the end of the Cold War, countless threats to international security that had hitherto been in place were important and visible, gradually opening the way for a process of broadening and deepening the concept of security. Transnational Organised Crime corresponds to this statement, since, although it began to be recognised as a diffuse problem from the 1980s, it was not perceived as a threat to development, democracy and international security until the beginning of the post-Colía war. Department of Africa. Institute for International Relations (IRI) ; Con la finalización de la Guerra Fría innumerables amenazas a la seguridad internacional que hasta al momento se encontraban opacadas tomaron relevancia y visibilidad abriendo paulatinamente el camino hacia un proceso de ampliación y profundización de la noción de seguridad. El Crimen Organizado Transnacional corresponde con esta afirmación, ya que si bien comienza a ser reconocida como una problemática difusa a partir de la década del ochenta, no fue percibida como una amenaza al desarrollo, la democracia y la seguridad internacional hasta comienzos de la post-Guerra Fría. Departamento de África. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)
177 181 14 1 ; SWORD ; [EN] The contribution of De Castro et al. in this issue (De Castro et al., 2014) underlines the role that small farms play in the EU agriculture and highlights how the recent CAP reform meets specificities and needs of this farming model. As the majority of EU farming are family farms and most of them are small either in physical or in economic terms, small-scale and family farming concepts are often used in an interchangeable way. Coppola, A. (2014). Comment: Is CAP addressed to support family farm?. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 14(1):177-181. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2014.01.14
The article focuses on understanding, through the dominant uses of three terms — "common", "community (s)", "communitarianism" — how the political issue of the community is represented in the French "Debate". It shows that the question is organised not only as an external fence between those who have participated in the community and the others, but also, with variations, around an issue of the 'internal border' organising the hierarchical order in the city. It appears that, with the emergence of the concept of "communitarianism", the democratic debate is hampered by an ethno-nationalist perspective. The prospect of preventing the recognition of the voices of miners, especially those discriminated against. ; International audience ; The article focuses on understanding, through the dominant uses of three terms — "common", "community (s)", "communitarianism" — how the political issue of the community is represented in the French "Debate". It shows that the question is organised not only as an external fence between those who have participated in the community and the others, but also, with variations, around an issue of the 'internal border' organising the hierarchical order in the city. It appears that, with the emergence of the concept of "communitarianism", the democratic debate is hampered by an ethno-nationalist perspective. The prospect of preventing the recognition of the voices of miners, especially those discriminated against. ; L'article s'attache à comprendre, à travers les usages dominants de trois termes - "commun", "communauté(s)", "communautarisme" - la façon dont la question politique de la communauté est représentée dans le "débat" français. Il montre que la question est organisée, non pas seulement comme une clôture extérieure entre ceux qui ont part à la communauté et les autres, mais aussi, avec des variations, autour d'une problématique de la "frontière intérieure" organisant l'ordre hiérarchique dans la cité. Il apparaît que, avec l'émergence de la notion de "communautarisme", le débat ...
The 2015 reform of the Criminal Code introduced in the punitive text the commission of certain offences based on gender discrimination and a generic aggravating circumstance when the offence is committed on that ground. The cases at issue in this type of discrimination are not peaceful in legal literature and case-law as a result of their connection with the crimes of gender-based violence introduced in 2004. This research aims to analyse the difference between the two types of violence by identifying what the legislator refers to gender-based violence and gender-based violence. The reform of the Criminal Code in 2015 introduced into the punitive text the commission of certain crimes based on gender discrimination and a generic aggravating circumstance when the offence is committed for that reason. The cases to which this type of discrimination is taxed are not peaceful in doctrine and case-law as a result of its relationship with the crimes of gender violence introduced in 2004. This research aims to analogue the difference between the two categories of violence by determining what the legislator references to as gender violence and gender violence. ; La reforma del Código Penal de 2015 introdujo en el texto punitivo la comisión de determinados delitos basada en la discriminación por razones de género y una circunstancia agravante genérica cuando se comete el delito por dicho motivo. Los supuestos a los que alcanza este tipo de discriminación no son pacíficos en la doctrina y en la jurisprudencia como consecuencia de su relación con los delitos de violencia de género introducidos en el año 2004. Esta investigación pretende analizar la diferencia entre ambos tipos de violencia, determinando para ello a qué se refiere el legislador con la violencia de género y con la violencia por razones de género. The reform of the Criminal Code in 2015 introduced into the punitive text the commission of certain crimes based on gender discrimination and a generic aggravating circumstance when the offence is committed for that ...
Chile, last year it was one of the countries in the region that suffered the most violence from these actions, by some of them, as a revolution, uprising or molecular war, resulting in political instability that was not inherent in the Chilean process. However, the budgets and specific features of this type of conflict are indissociable from the subversive processes or popular uprisings we have seen. In the light of the above, this work seeks to deepen this concept in order to highlight its shortcomings and inaccuracies, given that it has recently been very much in the boga and under its theoretical cover to comprehend complex political and social processes. Institute for International Relations ; Chile, en el año pasado fue uno de los países de la región que sufrió con mayor violencia estas acciones denominada, por algunos, como revolución, levantamiento o guerra molecular, llegando a producirse una inestabilidad política que no era propia del proceso chileno. Sin embargo, los presupuestos y singularidades de este tipo de conflicto se confunden con los procesos subversivos o levantamientos populares que hemos conocido. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo pretende profundizar en este concepto para sacar a la luz sus deficiencias e imprecisiones, dado que últimamente esta muy en boga y bajo su amparo teórico se trata de comprehender complejos procesos políticos y sociales. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales
In political philosophy one often encounters claims on behalf of pluralism, yet there is anything but a consensus over the meaning of this fundamental concept. It is true that there is no single pluralist tradition; rather, there are different pluralist traditions within different domains of practical reason. No one would object, however, to the notion that Isaiah Berlin's "value pluralism" is a genuine form of meta-ethical pluralism. Charles Taylor is another philosopher who is often called a pluralist, but I shall argue that this is a mistake. One of the central goals of his philosophy is that of reconciling competing aims and ends and this is incompatible with pluralism.
A contract providing for an exchange of services falls within the concept of public procurement even where the remuneration provided for is limited to the partial reimbursement of the costs incurred in providing the agreed service. A two-stage evaluation of the tenders only during the award phase of the contract is admissible under an open procedure. If the evidence provided by the economic operator is considered sufficient in terms of corrective measures, the economic operator shall not be excluded from the procurement procedure. ; Un contrat prévoyant un échange de prestations relève de la notion de marché public même lorsque la rémunération prévue est limitée au remboursement partiel des frais encourus pour fournir le service convenu. Une évaluation en deux temps des offres au cours de la seule phase d'attribution du marché est admissible dans le cadre d'une procédure ouverte . Si en matière de mesures correctrices, les preuves fournies par l'opérateur économique sont jugées suffisantes, celui-ci n'est pas exclu de la procédure de passation de marché.
Traditionally, the theory of international relations has ignored states that are not in the main West countries. Given that China's rise as a global power is the most salient feature of current international policy, there have been debates and theoretical productions reflecting on this rise within the same Chinese academy. But these have only recently been studied in the West. The way in which these conceptualisations affect China's international relations with other regions, particularly Latin America, has already been studied by Staiano and Bordazar (2017). This article aims to address the main emerging concepts of theories of international relations from a Chinese perspective, their comparison with the classic Western and some future challenges. Institute for International Relations ; Tradicionalmente, la teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales ha ignorado a los estados que no se encuentran en los principales países de Occidente. Siendo el ascenso de China como potencia global la característica más sobresaliente de la política internacional actual, es de notar que han existido debates y producciones teóricas que reflexionan sobre este ascenso dentro de la misma academia china. Pero estas han sido poco, y tan solo recientemente, estudiadas en occidente. La manera en que estas conceptualizaciones afectan las Relaciones Internacionales de China con otras regiones, particularmente América Latina, ya ha sido estudiado por Staiano y Bordazar (2017). El presente artículo se propone abordar los principales conceptos emergentes en materia de teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales desde una perspectiva china, su comparación con los clásicos occidentales y algunos desafíos a futuro. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales
The paper aims to grasp the concept of melancholia at the intersection of historical, cultural and sociological perspectives. After providing a brief history of the concept, the article focuses on the relationships between melancholia and nostalgia, drawing particular attention to the temporal regime triggered by the melancholic process and underlining its critical impact in regard to the dominant values of neoliberal society. The paper then aims to map the major inflexions of contemporary melancholia, namely left melancholia and ecomelancholia. Coined by Walter Benjamin, the first emerges from the political defeats of socialism and the failures of any revolutionary inspiration through the history of the twentieth century. The second is triggered by the awareness of the irremediable destruction of a large part of our natural environment. Left melancholia and ecomelancholia are intermingled since they testify to a critical sensibility to the losses caused by the neocapitalism system, whether social loss or environmental loss, the two being linked
summary: In 2018, for the first time in the legal history of the State of Guerrero, local elections for customs and customs took place in the municipality of Ayutla de los Libres. In relation to this topical issue, the article develops a sociological analysis of the social practices underpinning the political organisation of rural towns in southern Mexico, to which the term 'customs and customs' refers. To this end, it takes some anthropology approaches critically and proposes an alternative concept: the Community systems of government, the overall functioning of which is presented and explained as a result of a case study in the Costa Chica de Guerrero region. ; Resumen: En 2018, por primera vez en la historia legal del estado de Guerrero, han tenido lugar elecciones locales por usos y costumbres en el municipio de Ayutla de los Libres. En relación con esta actualidad, el artículo desarrolla un análisis sociológico de las prácticas sociales que sostienen la organización política de las localidades rurales en el sur de México a las que hace referencia el término "usos y costumbres". Para ello retoma de manera crítica algunos planteamientos de la antropología y propone un concepto alternativo: los "sistemas comunitarios de gobierno", cuyo funcionamiento general se presenta y explica como resultado de un estudio de caso en la región Costa Chica de Guerrero.
A 500 años de Utopía de Tomás Moro, consideramos que vale la pena detenerse en una noción que –aunque esquiva por momentos– vuelve una y otra vez a las reflexiones de la teoría política; nos proponemos examinar una noción que parece negada desde su propia etimología: por definición, la utopía señala un "no lugar". En primer lugar, veremos cómo desde la difusión de la magnífica obra del pensador londinense que dio fama al término, la utopía remite a algo que está fuera de lugar; en segundo término analizaremos la utopía cuando se considera un proyecto a futuro, en tanto horizonte de sentido. Con relación a esto, nos proponemos vincular la crítica a la noción de utopía y la crítica al concepto de ideología, para establecer por qué en las últimas décadas hablar de utopía nos lleva a un lugar incómodo. Para ello, tendremos en cuenta los aportes que desde el marxismo realizan Fredric Jameson –que propone al género utópico como subgénero de la ciencia ficción– y Terry Eagleton, teniendo en cuenta que desde el triunfo del neoliberalismo como modelo económico y el postmodernismo como (su) modelo cultural, la discusión sobre modelos alternativos fue bloqueada por los discursos del fin de la historia. Fil: Duimich, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Humanidades. Centro de Estudios Históricos de Estado, Política y Cultura. CONICET; Argentina.
The concept of health promotion enshrined in the Ottawa Charter grants an important place to autonomy. However, it is not clear that health broadly defined and autonomy are related in the sense intended by the authors of the Charter. Moreover, promotion of autonomy towards groups who do not consider it as a core value remains a problem. This paper presents a concept of autonomy and promotion that provide a partial answer to this problem. Examples of public policy in a multiethnic context are given to illustrate how the proposed conception of autonomy prom tion differs from more coercive policies. ; La conception de la promotion de la santé consacrée dans la Charte d'Ottawa accorde à l'autonomie une place centrale. Or, il n'est pas clair que la santé définie au sens large et l'autonomie soient liées au sens où semblent l'entendre les auteurs de la Charte. De plus, la promotion de l'autonomie auprès de groupes qui ne la considèrent pas comme une valeur centrale reste à justifier. Le présent texte présente une conception de l'autonomie et de sa promotion qui permet de répondre à ce dernier problème. Des exemples de politiques publiques en contexte pluriethnique sont donnés afin d'illustrer comment la conception de la promotion de l'autonomie proposée se démarque de politiques plus coercitives.
The user-friendliness in a recruitment interview seems almost impossible because of the challenge for both parties. However, this article shows that it is not only wanted by professionals but also sought through an IT application designed to simulate recruitment interviews. The PISE (immersive maintenance simulation platform) project, funded by the Secretariat of State for Foresight and Development of the Digital Economy, provided an opportunity to question this concept of user-friendliness in the upstream phase of the project and in its development. ; Usability in a job interview seems almost impossible because of the stakes for both parties. However, this article shows that it is not only desired by professionals but also sought through a dedicated computer application aiming to simulate job interviews. The PISE project (Immersive Simulation Platform for job Interview), funded by the Secretariat for Strategic Studies and Development of the Digital Economy has given the opportunity to question the concept of usability in the upstream phase of the project and during its development. ; The user-friendliness in a recruitment interview seems almost impossible because of the challenge for both parties. However, this article shows that it is not only wanted by professionals but also sought through an IT application designed to simulate recruitment interviews. The PISE (immersive maintenance simulation platform) project, funded by the Secretariat of State for Foresight and Development of the Digital Economy, provided an opportunity to question this concept of user-friendliness in the upstream phase of the project and in its development. ; La convivialité dans un entretien de recrutement paraît presque impossible du fait de l'enjeu pour les deux parties. Pourtant, cet article montre qu'elle est non seulement voulue par les professionnels mais également recherchée à travers une application informatique vouée à simuler des entretiens de recrutement. Le projet PISE (plateforme immersive de simulation d'entretien), financé ...
