The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."
International audience The Costa Rica - Nicaragua cases, which led to the judgment of the International Court of Justice of 2 February 2018, are rich in lessons. The International Court, in its judgment of 16 December 2015, specifies the content of the international obligations of "due diligence" regarding the prevention of environmental damage. Step by step, the Court continues to consolidate an international environmental law of customary nature around the "due diligence" principle, which forms its bedrock. Its decision of 2018 gives it the opportunity to recognize environmental damage in international law and to admit its compensable character. Despite some grey areas, these cases brought a substantial contribution to the development of international environmental law.
10479 10496 14 6 ; S ; [EN] The environment in livestock buildings must be controlled to ensure the health and welfare of both workers and animals, as well as to restrict the emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. Among the pollutants generated inside these premises, carbon dioxide (CO2) is of great interest in terms of animal welfare and ventilation control. The use of inexpensive sensors means that complete systems can be designed with a number of sensors located around the building. This paper describes a study of the suitability of multipoint simultaneous CO2 sensors operating in a wireless sensor network, which was found to operate satisfactorily under laboratory conditions and was found to be the best alternative for these applications. The sensors showed a highly linear response to CO2 concentrations, ranging from 500 to 5000 ppm. However, individual sensor response was found to differ, which made it necessary to calibrate each one separately. Sensor precision ranged between 80 and 110 ppm CO2, and sensor response to register a 95% change in concentration was estimated at around 5 min. These features mean this type of sensor network can be used to monitor animal welfare and also for environmental control in poorly ventilated livestock premises. According to the tests conducted in this study, a temporal drift may occur and therefore a regular calibration of sensors would be needed. This project was supported by the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion of the UPV (Programa de Apoyo a la Investigacion y Desarrollo, PAID-06-11 Program, Project No. 2843) and the Spanish Government under Projects CTM2011-29691-C02-01 and TIN2011-28435-C03-0. The translation of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Calvet Sanz, S.; Campelo Rivadulla, JC.; Estellés, F.; Perles Ivars, A.; Mercado Romero, R.; Serrano Martín, JJ. (2014). Suitability Evaluation of Multipoint Simultaneous CO2 Sampling Wireless Sensors for Livestock Buildings. Sensors. 14(6):10479-10496. doi:10.3390/s140610479 ...
Our companies have validated the cartesian credo, according to which man must behave as master and owner of nature. This contribution analyses some of the key elements of the current ecological crisis: dualism and anthropocentrism at the heart of our ethical foundations, private ownership and its utilitarianism within the legal systems, and the merchandisation specific to the capitalist system. Environmental law itself has become part of this pre-existing body, since far from having pushed for the emergence of new models, it has maintained an unwavering belief in the market as an environmental regulator. The rights of nature are designed to bring about a revolution. A philosophical revolution in the sense that ecosystems are recognised as having intrinsic value: nature is not only valued through the benefits that humanity can derive from it. A legal revolution in so far as nature becomes a subject of law and the latter is no longer protected solely by human interests. A cultural revolution, lastly, by promoting indigenous peoples for whom interdependence, reciprocity and complementarity are fundamental values rooted in a cosmology that places people within nature. The aim of this step is not to be achieved at the expense of human well-being, but to place it within ecological limits. Nature rights are an instrument that condemns both the exploitation of nature and the exploitation of the most vulnerable people within the productive system. If the idea of radical separation between humanity and the natural world is discarded, then the rights of nature protect ecosystems as much as human communities from profit-based predatory logic. In this sense, human and nature rights are complementary and interdependent. ; Nos sociétés ont validé le credo cartésien selon lequel l'homme doit se comporter comme maître et possesseur de la nature. Cette contribution analyse certaines clés de la crise écologique actuelle : le dualisme et l'anthropocentrisme au cœur de nos fondements éthiques, la propriété privée et sa justification ...
This Working Paper builds on the scientific discourse on valuation of SSH research as well as SSH-integration in EU framework programmes and aims at summarizing the key findings from the November 2018 Austrian EU Presidency Conference "Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities for a European Research Agenda - Valuation of SSH in mission-oriented research". It deals with the topic in three instalments. First, it will discuss recent trends in research funding. Second, it provides a brief historical overview of the efforts of integrating SSH into the EU Research Framework Programme. It then adds some observations about continued challenges in SSH. Finally, it will conclude with some suggestions for SSH scholars, based on the discussions from the conference. In that regard the Working Paper is also a document for further reading for those who have read earlier, shorter texts that were published in preparation of that conference.
To test the hypothesis that different drivers shape the diversity and biogeography of the total and active bacterial community, we examined the bacterial community composition along two transects, one from the inner Pearl River estuary to the open waters of the South China Sea (SCS) and the other from the Luzon Strait to the SCS basin, using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene (V1-3 regions) and thereby characterizing the active and total bacterial community, respectively. The diversity and biogeographic patterns differed substantially between the active and total bacterial communities. Although the composition of both the total and active bacterial community was strongly correlated with environmental factors and weakly correlated with geographic distance, the active bacterial community displayed higher environmental sensitivity than the total community and particularly a greater distance effect largely caused by the active assemblage from deep waters. The 16S rRNA vs. rDNA relationships indicated that the active bacteria were low in relative abundance in the SCS. This might be due to a high competition between active bacterial taxa as indicated by our community network models. Based on these analyses, we speculate that high competition could cause some dispersal limitation of the active bacterial community resulting in a distinct distance-decay relationship. Altogether, our results indicated that the biogeographic distribution of bacteria in the SCS is the result of both environmental control and distance decay.
Includes indexes. ; Based on A. Caprioli's Ritrai di cento capitani illustri, Rome, 1596. His portraits have been used in slightly altered form. ; Engraved title-page; engraved portrait illustrating each biographical sketch. ; The portraits are probably by Pompilio Totti and are based on engravings by Aliprando Caprioli's illustrations for Ritrai di cento capitani illustri, Rome, 1596. In later printings the text is attributed to Giulio Roscio. ; Dedication and prefatory note by Totti. ; Numbers 61-64 repeated, 77-80 omitted, in pagination. ; Imprint in colophon (p. [288]): In Roma, Appresso Andrea Fei, MDCXXV. ; Signatures: [a]⁴ b⁴ A-2O⁴. ; Errata: p. [15] (first series) and p. [1] at end. ; Cicognara, ; Mode of access: Internet.
The plates comprised in the atlas are issued in portfolios. ; The plates are lithographed by Lemercier & Cie, Paris, after designs by Louis Delaporte. ; "Le premier volume contient la partie descriptive, historique et politique du voyage . Le second volume est exclusivement consacré aux observations scientifiques et aux travaux spéciaux de la Commission d'exploration. La Géologie et la Minéralogie y ont été traitées par m. de docteur Joubert; l'Anthropologie, l'Agriculture et l'Horticulture, par M. le docteur Thorel. Mon interprète chinois, M. Thomas Ko, y a donné la traduction d'un ouvrage chinois qui contient de précieux renseignements sur les richesses metallurgiques et les procédés d'exploitation de la province du Yun-nau . Le volume se termine par les spécimens des Langues indo-chinoises recueillis par M. de Lagrée et par moi . L' Atlas qui accompagne cet ouvrage se divise en deux parties. La première, à laquelle ont contribué MM. de Lagrée, Delaporte et moi, comprend les Cartes et les Plans; la seconde est l'Album même du voyage: elle est entièrement l'œuvre de M. Delaporte"--Preface, p. ii-iv. ; Title printed in red and black. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.
International audience Coccolithophores (calcifying phytoplankton) form extensive blooms in temperate and subpolar oceans as evidenced from ocean-color satellites. This study examines the potential to detect coccolithophore blooms with BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats, autonomous ocean profilers equipped with bio-optical and physicochemical sensors. We first matched float data to ocean-color satellite data of calcite concentration to select floats that sampled coccolithophore blooms. We identified two floats in the Southern Ocean, which measured the particulate beam attenuation coefficient (c p) in addition to two core BGC-Argo variables, Chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]) and the particle backscattering coefficient (b bp). We show that coccolithophore blooms can be identified from floats by distinctively high values of (1) the b bp /c p ratio, a proxy for the refractive index of suspended particles, and (2) the b bp /[Chl-a] ratio, measurable by any BGC-Argo float. The latter thus paves the way to global investigations of environmental control of coccolithophore blooms and their role in carbon export. Plain Language Summary Coccolithophores are a group of phytoplankton that form an armor of calcite plates. Coccolithophores may form intense blooms which can be identified from space by so-called ocean-color satellites, providing global images of the color of the surface ocean. BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats, robots profiling down to 2,000 m with a variety of physicochemical and bio-optical sensors, present an increasingly attractive and cost-effective platform to study phytoplankton blooms and their impact on oceanic biogeochemical cycles. We show that coccolithophore blooms can be detected by BGC-Argo floats with high confidence, hence providing a new way to study them at the global scale as well as their role in sinking carbon.
This Working Paper builds on the scientific discourse on valuation of SSH research as well as SSH-integration in EU framework programmes and aims at summarizing the key findings from the November 2018 Austrian EU Presidency Conference "Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities for a European Research Agenda - Valuation of SSH in mission-oriented research". It deals with the topic in three instalments. First, it will discuss recent trends in research funding. Second, it provides a brief historical overview ofthe efforts of integrating SSH into the EU Research Framework Programme. It then adds some observations about continued challenges in SSH. Finally, it will conclude with some suggestions for SSH scholars, based on the discussions from the conference. In that regard the Working Paper is also a document for further reading for those who have read earlier, shorter texts that were published in preparation of that conference.
Title from cover. ; Supplements accompany some numbers. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for 1910- published by the United States Infantry Association; -1950 by the U.S. Infantry Association. ; Merged with: Field artillery journal (Washington, D.C.), to form: United States Army combat forces journal. ; OSU's copy 2 forms part of the Will Eisner Collection.
