Suchergebnisse

Luigi Caranti, Kant's Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2017

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

In the early nineties in Argentina, rail passenger transport services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were transferred to private operators for operation under the comprehensive concession model. The unviability of the model was discovered when the Railway Emergency was declared at the end of 2002. From various places of political and economic establishment, it was argued that the profound deterioration in services was the result of the State's inability to maintain the subsidy scheme envisaged for its operation. However, that approach ignored the fact that that deterioration reflected the existence of a set of conditions which led to the creation of a privileged area of accumulation in the sector. From 2003 onwards, progress has been made in a rethink of relations between the State and privatised companies, and as regards urban trains, some changes have been made to the way in which they are provided. This work analyses changes and continuities in the way the provision of AMBA rail passenger services is organised socially between 1990 and 2010, looking at the extent to which these changes have reversed the more regressive features of the previous phase. ; Para acceder al Artículo utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rtt/article/view/660 ; In the early nineties in Argentina, rail passenger transport services in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were transferred to private operators for operation under the comprehensive concession model. The unviability of the model was discovered when the Railway Emergency was declared at the end of 2002. From various places of political and economic establishment, it was argued that the profound deterioration in services was the result of the State's inability to maintain the subsidy scheme envisaged for its operation. However, that approach ignored the fact that that deterioration reflected the existence of a set of conditions which led to the creation of a privileged area of accumulation in the sector. From 2003 onwards, progress has ...

Progress made in malaria control during the past decade has prompted increasing global dialogue on malaria elimination and eradication. The product development pipeline for malaria has never been stronger, with promising new tools to detect, treat, and prevent malaria, including innovative diagnostics, medicines, vaccines, vector control products, and improved mechanisms for surveillance and response. There are at least 25 projects in the global malaria vaccine pipeline, as well as 47 medicines and 13 vector control products. In addition, there are several next-generation diagnostic tools and reference methods currently in development, with many expected to be introduced in the next decade. The development and adoption of these tools, bolstered by strategies that ensure rapid uptake in target populations, intensified mechanisms for information management, surveillance, and response, and continued financial and political commitment are all essential to achieving global eradication.

Social Economy Measurement and Statistics: progress and challenges ; Medición y Estadísticas de la economía social: avance y retos

This research is geared towards economic analysis of tobacco consumption in Argentina. The choice of this topic reflects not only the theoretical relevance due to its addictive nature, but also the timeliness of the topic, since tobacco consumption is a habit maintained by millions of people and is the subject of numerous public policies. The aim is to model the addictive behaviour associated with tobacco consumption and to verify this model empirically with data from the National Survey on Prevalence of Consumption of Psychoactive Substances (ENPreCoSP), which was replaced by INDEC. In addition, progress is being made in analysing the effects of the anti-tobacco law in Argentina, exploiting the entry into force of different provincial laws at different times. Faculty of Economics ; Esta investigación está orientada al análisis económico del consumo de tabaco en Argentina. La elección de esta temática responde no solo a la relevancia teórica por su naturaleza adictiva, sino también a la oportunidad del tema ya que el consumo de tabaco es un hábito mantenido por millones de personas y es objeto de numerosas políticas públicas. Se pretende modelizar el comportamiento adictivo asociado al consumo de tabaco y verificar dicho modelo empíricamente con datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Prevalencia de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (ENPreCoSP), relevada por INDEC. Además se avanza en el análisis de los efectos de la Ley antitabáquica en Argentina, explotando la entrada en vigencia de distintas leyes provinciales en momentos temporales diferentes. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

The article reviews the particular features of the transition to democracy in Paraguay, linking them to the country's socio-political reality. In particular, reference was made to the changes in Fernando Lugo's presidency. The aim is to observe and differentiate the progress made in both political and social democracy to assess achievements on the path towards a genuine one, at a stage where the threat of institutional bankruptcy by the armed forces appears to have come to an end. Institute for International Relations ; El artículo revisa las características particulares de la transición a la democracia en Paraguay, vinculándolas con la realidad sociopolítica del país. En particular, se hace referencia a los cambios acaecidos en la presidencia de Fernando Lugo. El objetivo es observar y diferenciar los avances dados tanto en la democracia política como en la social para evaluar los logros en el camino hacia una genuina, en una etapa en la que la amenaza de quiebres institucionales a cargo de las Fuerzas Armadas parece haber cesado. Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales

Summary The discussion on the fundamentals that legitimise intellectual property often focuses on two main approaches: iusnaturalists and utilitarists. The former argue that it is possible to justify ownership of intellectual creation by relying on John Locke's liberal property theory. The latter converge around the so-called "progress clause" and the incentive argument. This work analyses whether or not intellectual property can be justified on the basis of such approaches, concluding that, given the paradoxes identified, these are insufficient. ; Resumen La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada "cláusula del progreso" y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.

Summary taking into account that there are currently no qualitative indicators to assess the performance of Mexican legislators, this article proposes a Parliamentary Participation Score (SPP). This is a weighted multi-factor instrument that considers three substantive actions in the behaviour of Members: (a) the presentation of initiatives (measuring their relevance and transit through the legislative process); (b) the promotion of agreement points (and their progress on the congressional route); (c) effective attendance at plenary sessions. ; Resumen Tomando en consideración que actualmente no existen indicadores cualitativos para evaluar el desempeño de los legisladores mexicanos, este artículo propone un Score de Participación Parlamentaria (SPP). Se trata de un instrumento multifactorial ponderado que considera tres acciones sustantivas en el comportamiento de los congresistas: a) la presentación de iniciativas (midiendo su relevancia y tránsito por el proceso legislativo); b) la promoción de puntos de acuerdo (y su avance en el trayecto congresional); c) la asistencia efectiva a sesiones de Pleno.

It is possible to read the last decade of Latin America from four axes: the progress of indigenous fighting; questioning the hegemonic vision of development in the light of the expansion of extractivism; the re-updating of the concept of dependence and, in connection with it, the effective scope of a challenging Latin American regionalism. The last key refers to the return of populisms 'infinites'. These are certainly not the only political and ideological keys, but the interrelationship and resourcing dynamics established between them have played a prominent role in reshaping the politico-social scenario at regional level. Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences ; Es posible leer la última década de América Latina a partir de cuatro ejes: el avance de las luchas indígenas; el cuestionamiento de la visión hegemónica de desarrollo a la luz de la expansión del extractivismo; la reactualización de la figura de la dependencia y, vinculado a ella, el alcance efectivo de un regionalismo latinoamericano desafiante. La última clave alude al retorno de los populismos «infinitos». Sin duda, estas no son las únicas claves político-ideológicas, pero la interrelación y la dinámica recursiva que se estableció entre ellas han jugado un rol preeminente en la reconfiguración del escenario político-social a escala regional. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

7 pages The precautionary principle makes it necessary to avoid the use of technologies which are known to entail proven risks. The difficulty of assessing risks and building a public policy on technological progress is illustrated by recent trials on the establishment of mobile telephone antennas. Examination of foreign legislation shows how neighbouring countries have been able to provide different answers and thus answer the questions raised by their populations. ; 7 pages Le principe de précaution impose d'éviter le recours à des technologies dont on sait qu'elles comportent des risques avérés. La difficulté d'évaluer les risques et de construire une politique publique en matière de progrès technologique est illustrée par les récents procès sur l'implantation d'antennes de téléphonie mobile. L'examen des législations étrangères montre comment des Etats voisins ont pu apporter des réponses différentes et ainsi répondre aux interrogations de leurs populations.

After four years of fierce debate, the EU directive on copyright in the digital single market was finally adopted in April 2019. The legislative text aims at adapting copyright to the digital world, remedying to some gaps and uncompensated uses of works and other subject matter and enhancing some valuable uses through new or reaffirmed exceptions. Two provisions have been particularly contested. The article 15 creates a new IP right benefitting press publishers in their online news in an attempt to force Google News and similar platforms to remunerate their use. The article 17 requires video sharing platforms, such as YouTube, to get a license for any copyrighted content uploaded by their users or, by default, to filter such content when requested by rights owners. But the directive has much more to offer and pursues an ambitious agenda, beyond its incompleteness, inconsistencies and defaults. More fundamentally, this directive marks the transition of the EU intervention mostly to harmonise existing national rules and to strengthen the rights of its creative sector, towards a genuine regulatory actor that purports to better organise a thriving European market and a fair society for creations, culture and information. It remains to be seen if the measures laid down by the directive are fit for that purpose. This paper analyses all articles of the directive in three parts: (1) the adaptation of exceptions to better satisfy digital needs, including the new exception for text and data mining; (2) the provisions aiming at enhancing an EU-wide access to creative content; and finally, (3) the provisions pursuing a well-functioning marketplace for copyright, that aims at restoring (perceived) failures or unfairness of current balances between the different stakeholders. This last part contains the most contentious provisions of the directive, i.e. the news publishers' right and the new liability regime of video sharing platforms, but also it most promising ones related to a better contractual protection of authors and ...

Summary: Since the report of 2010, and in particular in its reports of 2013 and 2015, the Group of Governmental Experts on the Progress in the Information and Telecommunications Sphere in the Context of International Security of the United Nations (UN), much better known as the Group of Governmental Experts ('GGE') on Cybersecurity, has provided an accurate diagnosis of the impact of information technologies on international peace and security. identifying, on the one hand, the new threats and new risks posed by the intensive use of digital technologies and, on the other hand, proposing a series of actions and measures that Member States could implement, in accordance with their own local context, to deal with these new threats and risks. ; Resumen: Desde el informe del año 2010, y en especial en sus informes de los años 2013 y 2015, el Grupo de Expertos Gubernamentales sobre los Avances en la Esfera de la Información y las Telecomunicaciones en el Contexto de la Seguridad Internacional de Naciones Unidas —mucho mejor conocido como el Grupo de Expertos Gubernamentales ("GGE") en Ciberseguridad—, ha ofrecido un diagnóstico preciso acerca del impacto de las tecnologías de la información para la paz y la seguridad internacional, identificando, por una parte, las nuevas amenazas y los nuevos riesgo que supone el uso intensivo de tecnologías digitales y, por la otra, proponiendo una serie de acciones y medidas que los Estados podrían implementar, conforme su propio contexto local, para hacerse cargo de esas nuevas amenazas y riesgos.

The paper centers on some problematic theses of my book Kant's Political Legacy. Human Rights, Peace, Progress (UWP 2017). This reconsideration is occasioned partly by comments I received and partly by my own process of self-criticism. I focus on the point that commentators have mainly criticized, that is, the link I suggest between human dignity and our capacity for moral behavior, or autonomy. The first part recalls the basic features of my Kant-inspired and yet in many regards anti-Kantian account of the relation between dignity and autonomy and replies to some criticisms received from orthodox Kantians. The second part is strictly connected to the first because it deals with the reasons we have to believe that we are autonomous. While in the book I sketched Kant's own reasons for the 'reality of freedom,' as he puts it, I focus now on Bojan Kovačević's suggestion to look at characters in novels written by artistic geniuses (in particular Leo Tolstoy) to find indirect evidence in favor of autonomy. This allows me to reflect on the kind of evidence one can legitimately expect in the proof at issue. Thirdly, I reply to a classical objection, ignored in the book, that impacts with equal force Kant's ethics and my own position. The problem concerns people with temporary or permanent impairment of rational capacities. If I let human dignity depend on our capacity for autonomous behavior, am I committed to the counterintuitive (and rather devastating) conclusion that children or people suffering from momentary or irreversible loss of rational capacity, and a fortiori of autonomy, do not have dignity and therefore do not deserve to be protected by human rights? ; Članak se usredsređuje na neke problematične teze moje knjige Kantovo političko nasleđe. Ljudska prava, mir, progres (UWP 2017). Preispitivanje je jednim delom podstaknuto komentarima koje sam dobio a drugim delom procesom samo-kritike. Osnovni problem koji su komentatori uglavnom kritikovali jeste moj pokušaj da dovedem u vezu ljudsko dostojanstvo i našu ...

Achieving universal health coverage (UHC)—defined as access to needed health services to all and protection against financial risks arising from paying for health services —is among the top priorities of reform agendas across many countries. Provision of health services should be determined by individuals' need rather than their ability to pay and, at the same time, utilization of services by those seeking health care should not impose the risk of financial catastrophe. In addition, paying for health care should be administered in an equitable manner whereby individuals with a higher ability to pay contribute a relatively higher share of their income to health financing compared to those individuals with a lower ability to pay. Tanzania has been making efforts towards UHC starting with the abolition of user fees soon after independence in 1967, before their reintroduction in the early 1990s, and the introduction of health insurance schemes in early 2000.