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The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

After a brief review of the Agriculture programme for 1980, the author considera the part which forestry would take in the reform proposed to the six E E C States. Then are examined two ways of using the area which would be left vacant by agriculture : for recreation and public health (green places, national parks and natural reserves) or for afforestation. Finally the author considera the conditions of the new european forest policy involved by theses changes : encouragement through the help and benefits given to structural change and through subsidies, integration of forest and industry, and regional objectives. ; Après une rapide présentation du programme Agriculture 1980, est examiné le rôle qu'aurait le forestier dans la réforme ainsi proposée aux 6 Etats de la C.E.E. Après examen des deux utilisations possibles des terres libérées par l'agriculture : pour la détente et la santé publique (espaces verts, parcs régionaux, parcs nationaux et réserves naturelles) et boisement ; les conditions d'une nouvelle politique forestière européenne qui serait ainsi rendue nécessaire : incitation par la prime d'apport structural et les aides, intégration forêt-industrie, objectifs régionaux, sont envisagées.

The implications of past experiences guide the way each employee perceives and gives meaning to new events (Valéau -Dubrulle, 2006). In a radical organisational change, therefore, a complex process is being put in place in which employees' perceptions and representations suffer significant disruption as a result of a sudden change in their habits (Hafsi -Fadil, 2014). Previous research on radical organisational change has highlighted a process of increasing resistance to change due to reversal of legitimacy judgements by middle managers and their emotional reactions (Huy et al., 2014). This process may even lead to a definitive challenge to the organisational change. Our qualitative study of the case of SAPHIR, a SEM for the distribution of raw water, allowed us to complement this research. Our data tend to filter: (1) resistance to change can be increased by integrating antagonistic rationalities into business culture; (2) an original apprenticeship of employees resulting from resistance to change; (3) ambivalent influence of political decisions that can sometimes reassure employees, sometimes complicate radical change. ; International audience ; The implications of past experiences guide the way each employee perceives and gives meaning to new events (Valéau -Dubrulle, 2006). In a radical organisational change, therefore, a complex process is being put in place in which employees' perceptions and representations suffer significant disruption as a result of a sudden change in their habits (Hafsi -Fadil, 2014). Previous research on radical organisational change has highlighted a process of increasing resistance to change due to reversal of legitimacy judgements by middle managers and their emotional reactions (Huy et al., 2014). This process may even lead to a definitive challenge to the organisational change. Our qualitative study of the case of SAPHIR, a SEM for the distribution of raw water, allowed us to complement this research. Our data tend to filter: (1) resistance to change can be increased by ...

economic disparities between euro area countries were already very marked when the European single currency was launched in 1999; however, they had tended to decline slightly in the first decade of its existence. The Great Recession following the 2008 financial crisis marked a break in this slow convergence; above all, the adjustment policies implemented in the wake of the sovereign debt crisis have initiated a process of macroeconomic divergences which is likely to continue. It could particularly complicate the ECB's task and undermine the legitimacy of the economic and monetary integration process. ; Les disparités économiques entre pays membres de la zone euro étaient déjà très marquées lors du lancement, en 1999, de la monnaie unique européenne ; mais elles avaient eu tendance à se réduire légèrement au cours de la première décennie de son existence. La Grande récession qui a suivi la crise financière de 2008 a marqué une rupture dans cette lente convergence ; et surtout, les politiques d'ajustement mises en oeuvre à la suite de la crise des dettes souveraines ont initié un processus de divergences macroéconomiques qui risque de perdurer. Il pourrait compliquer singulièrement la tâche de la BCE et miner la légitimité du processus d'intégration économique et monétaire.

International audience The private sector is a major contributor to the reconstruction of Beirut, but the State remains in a main position due to its orientations and investments. It conducts its policy according to two major necessities: a metropolitan planning promoting unity and balance in a city destructured by the war; and on the other hand, the will of establishing regional economic integration, which only focuses on selected places like the city-center. The implementation of those projects does not fully respect the orientations of the State, and reflects the involvement of private and local actors. ; Contribuer au colloque "Gouverner les métropoles" organisé par le LARIA, Département de géographie, université de Paris XII - Val de Marne, 24 mai 2000 Le secteur privé contribue de manière très importante aux dynamiques de la reconstruction de Beyrouth, mais l'Etat reste un acteur central par ses investissements et ses orientations. La politique menée est prise entre deux impératifs : la définition d'une planification d'échelle métropolitaine, soucieuse de promouvoir l'unité et l'équilibre d'une agglomération encore marquée par les fractures de la guerre ; la volonté d'une intégration économique régionale qui conduit à privilégier certains espaces (centre-ville par exemple). La mise en œuvre de ces projets est mal coordonnée et incomplète, et traduit la participation des acteurs privés et locaux à leur définition.

This article explores the reactivation of the old central/peripheral conflict in Europe around the combination of two factors which undermine the traditional mechanisms of legitimacy of the nation state: economic globalisation and European integration. However, this weakening of national political orders does not automatically lead to centrifugal territorial fragmentation: the effects are varied. They depend mainly on the national styles of public action and on the territorial models of collective action that will be captured by the concept of political capacity. Based on the examples of Brittany and Scotland, the article shows the variability of configurations that allow regions to take advantage of the changes in the nation state and to be part of their own path of development. ; Cet article explore la réactivation du vieux conflit centre/périphérie en Europe autour de la conjonction de deux facteurs qui fragilisent les mécanismes traditionnels de légitimation de l'État-nation : la mondialisation économique et l'intégration européenne. Cependant, cette fragilisation des ordres politiques stato-nationaux ne génère pas automatiquement une fragmentation territoriale centrifuge : les effets sont variés. Ils dépendent essentiellement des styles nationaux d'action publique et des modèles territoriaux d'action collective que le concept de capacité politique permettra d'appréhender. À partir des exemples de la Bretagne et de l'Écosse, l'article montre la variabilité des configurations qui permettent aux régions de tirer profit des mutations de l'État-nation et de s'inscrire dans un chemin d'évolution propre.

The aim of this article is to question the mobility of bio-based poultry farmers, while organic farming is based on the model of autonomy. Why are organic farmers integrated and why do they accept their social disqualification? We argue that integration is primarily a way for them to cope with their economic and technical vulnerability. On the other hand, it makes it possible to pursue or initiate professional activities, which constitute compensatory identity resources for these farmers, a gift of integration and their social disqualification. We propose to analyse this situation on the basis of comprehensive interviews with integrated poultry breeders. The article first describes integration, allowing farmers to set up in organic form with limited financial resources. It then looks at how integration responds to their technical vulnerability, providing them with assistance and professional forums for debate. Finally, it shows that this way of working as a breeder raises singular identity issues. ; The aim of this paper is to examine motives, which lead organic breeders tojoin subcontracting, while organic farming is based on autonomy model? Why do organicbreeders join subcontracting and why do they accept the social disqualification? We supportthe hypothesis that for them subcontracting is on the one hand a way to face theireconomic and technical vulnerability. On the other hand, it allows to pursue or to introduceprofessional activities, which constitute for breeders compensatory identical resources, face tosubcontracting driving and social disqualification. We suggest analyzing this situation fromcomprehensive interviews with subcontracting poultry breeders. The article first describeshow subcontracting allows breeders to settle down in organic breeding with limited financialresources. It then examines how subcontracting solves their technical vulnerability, bysupplying them an assistance and frames of professional debates. Finally, it shows that thisway of working as breeder enlights singular identity ...

International audience Ce numéro s'appuie notamment sur des contributions présentées lors de la séance « Coexistence et globalisation dans les Suds » au cours du séminaire « Diversité et coexistence des mondes agricoles » coordonné par François Purseigle et soutenu par le LABEX SMS, référence ANR-11-LABX-0066. Je remercie François Purseigle de l'opportunité qu'il m'a offert d'organiser cette séance.

International audience n this article, we examine how traditional conceptions of poor's relief, which dominated not only the Edo period but also the beginning of the Meiji period, had to be reconsidered with the social consequences of the introduction of market economy and the industrialization. We try then tounderstand how the elites had come to think the social integration of the working class, not through the labor unions, but on the basis of a new place of communitarian solidarity, intermediary between the state and the family: the enterprise. Finally, we see how this mode of social integration and solidarity imposed itself only through a radical critic of capitalism that was formulated in the frame of the "new order" put in place at the occasion of World War II. ; Dans cet article, nous voyons comment les conceptions de l'assistance aux pauvres, qui avaient dominé la période Edo, mais aussi le début de l'ère Meiji, durent être revues avec la naissance de la question sociale provoquée par l'introduction de l'économie de marché et l'industrialisation. Nouscherchons alors à comprendre comment les élites en vinrent à penser un mode d'intégration sociale de la classe ouvrière reposant, non pas sur les syndicats, mais sur un nouveau lieu de solidarité communautaire, intermédiaire entre l'Etat et la famille : l'entreprise. Nous voyons enfin comment cemode d'intégration sociale et de solidarité ne s'imposa réellement qu'avec une critique radicale du capitalisme développée dans le cadre d'un « nouvel ordre » mis en place à l'occasion de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

This article focuses on the role of the EPS professor in a class with students with disabilities and ordinary students. The emphasis is placed, for example and more or less differently, depending on the characteristics of the pupils, on what the teacher can do to promote their safety and autonomy, to mobilise psychological factors conducive to their engagement, to facilitate the understanding of instructions and advice. Ultimately, it appears that the success in EPS of pupils with disabilities, who are enrolled in mainstream schools, depends to a large extent on educational and pedagogical adaptations. But we go further, by identifying principles that guide their design and by putting forward other conditions that open up opportunities for better integration into this discipline. ; International audience ; This article focuses on the role of the EPS professor in a class with students with disabilities and ordinary students. The emphasis is placed, for example and more or less differently, depending on the characteristics of the pupils, on what the teacher can do to promote their safety and autonomy, to mobilise psychological factors conducive to their engagement, to facilitate the understanding of instructions and advice. Ultimately, it appears that the success in EPS of pupils with disabilities, who are enrolled in mainstream schools, depends to a large extent on educational and pedagogical adaptations. But we go further, by identifying principles that guide their design and by putting forward other conditions that open up opportunities for better integration into this discipline. ; Cet article s'attache au rôle du professeur d'EPS dans le temps où il intervient auprès d'une classe comprenant des élèves en situation de handicap et des élèves ordinaires. L'accent est mis, par exemple et plus ou moins différemment selon les caractéristiques des élèves, sur ce que peut faire l'enseignant pour favoriser leur sécurité, leur autonomie, pour mobiliser les facteurs psychologiques favorables à leur engagement, faciliter ...

Le ralentissement de l'activité s'est poursuivi dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale au second semestre 2012, à la fois du fait de l'intégration commerciale et financière avec la zone euro et des politiques de restriction budgétaire. À la fin de l'année 2012, aucun pays de la zone, à l'exception de la Pologne, n'avait retrouvé son niveau d'activité d'avant-crise. La persistance d'indicateurs conjoncturels au plus bas et de perspectives moroses pour la zone euro annoncent une année 2013 à l'image de 2012 (+0,7 % en 2012 sur l'ensemble de la zone), avant un léger mieux en 2014. Toujours tirée par le haut niveau du prix des matières premières, la Russie devra quant à elle faire face à un risque de surchauffe en limitant l'accès au crédit, ralentissant ainsi la croissance en dessous de 4 % à l'horizon de la prévision.

national audience Urban renewal has tended to freeze the characteristics of segregation. The strategy understated the obstacles to attracting external households and its corollary, the dispersion of some of the original inhabitants. In both cases, gender diversity was conceived as an exogenous process of introducing one group into the residential space where another group dominates. While urban renewal has helped to maintain a degree of endogenous diversity by favouring residential pathways within neighbourhoods, the territorial anchoring of the original inhabitants is akin to a default solution for the promoters of this policy, as the diversity sought is less of a social than ethnic nature. Urban renewal takes precedence over an assimilationist approach to urban integration, with the risk of ignoring the complexity of the processes for the production of social diversity in the city. ; National audience La rénovation urbaine a eu tendance à figer les caractéristiques de la ségrégation. La stratégie suivie a sous-estimé les obstacles à l'attraction de ménages extérieurs et son corollaire, la dispersion d'une partie des habitants originels. Dans les deux cas, la mixité a été conçue comme un processus exogène, consistant à introduire un groupe dans l'espace résidentiel où domine un autre groupe. Si la rénovation urbaine a pu contribuer à maintenir une certaine mixité endogène en favorisant des parcours résidentiels internes aux quartiers, l'ancrage territorial des habitants originels s'apparente à une solution par défaut, pour les promoteurs de cette politique, car la mixité recherchée a moins une nature sociale qu'ethnique. La rénovation urbaine fait prévaloir une conception assimilationniste de l'intégration urbaine, au risque de méconnaître la complexité des processus de fabrication de la diversité sociale dans la ville.

National audience, there has been an apparent overturning of the Andean area over the last ten years, which has served the continent's peaceful facade by the rapid opening of new crossing roads. The attractiveness of the economic potential of the emerging Asian area plays an important role in these processes, as does the specific evolution of the Andean area. At the same time, there have been contradictory demographic dynamics showing both a strong rural exodus and a large natural balance, which explains why the Andes are today, in some of the countries concerned, densely populated areas posing serious problems of political, economic and social integration with dominant development patterns. This article questions the meaning of this major work: they quickly transformed the dry And traffic network from Chile to Bolivia and Peru, but their impact is wider and more limited than it seems. Thanks to these linear structures, larger areas are affected and transformed. However, local residents and their elites consider that the impact is still insufficient. We propose to analyse the political and economic circumstances behind these achievements and to propose an evaluation grid to try to measure the real impact of these transport routes. ; National audience On assiste depuis une dizaine d'années à un apparent retournement de l'espace andin, mis au service de la façade pacifique du continent par l'ouverture rapide de nouvelles routes traversantes. L'attrait du potentiel économique de la zone asiatique émergente joue un rôle important dans ces processus, au même titre que l'évolution propre de la zone andine. Dans le même temps en effet, on y a observé des dynamiques démographiques contradictoires témoignant à la fois d'un exode rural fort et d'un solde naturel important, ce qui explique que les Andes soient aujourd'hui, dans certains des pays considérés, des zones intensément peuplées posant de graves problèmes d'intégration politique, économique et sociale aux modèles de développement dominants. Cet article s'interroge ...

Integration of the environment into the Common Agricultural Policy is a recent phenomenon. Driven by northern European countries, its application was delayed in France (1989) and even more so in Spain (1996). The testing of agri-environmental measures introduced by the CAP reform gives rise to a wide variety of applications, national and regional, which make comparative analysis essential for their understanding. Marginal and alibi measures or openness to the development of a new form of integrated agricultural and rural development that is respectful of the environment? The most recent 'agricultural guidance' and 'spatial planning and sustainable development' laws allow us to make precise assumptions. ; International audience ; Integration of the environment into the Common Agricultural Policy is a recent phenomenon. Driven by northern European countries, its application was delayed in France (1989) and even more so in Spain (1996). The testing of agri-environmental measures introduced by the CAP reform gives rise to a wide variety of applications, national and regional, which make comparative analysis essential for their understanding. Marginal and alibi measures or openness to the development of a new form of integrated agricultural and rural development that is respectful of the environment? The most recent 'agricultural guidance' and 'spatial planning and sustainable development' laws allow us to make precise assumptions. ; L'intégration de l'environnement dans la Politique Agricole Commune est un phénomène récent. Impulsée par les pays d'Europe du Nord, son application fut tardive en France (1989) et encore plus en Espagne (1996). L'expérimentation des mesures agri-environnementales instaurées par la réforme de la PAC donne lieu à une grande diversité d'applications, nationales et régionales, qui rendent essentielle l'analyse comparative pour leur compréhension. Mesures marginales et alibi ou bien ouverture sur l'élaboration d'un nouveau mode de développement intégré, agricole et rural, soucieux du respect ...

In the age of globalisation, the still uncertain and variable nature of family immigration is emerging in the complex relationship between identity redefinitions in the globalised cultural arena and the integration of the descendants of immigrants into the national order, which takes place on the socio-economic and political level of equal opportunities. ; In an age of globalization, the evolution of immigrant families, still uncertain and variable, will entail complex relationships involving not only identificatory redefinitions as played out on the worldwide cultural scene, but also the integration of descendentsof immigrants in the national scheme as played out on the socio-economic and political field of equal opportunity. ; In the age of globalisation, the still uncertain and variable nature of family immigration is emerging in the complex relationship between identity redefinitions in the globalised cultural arena and the integration of the descendants of immigrants into the national order, which takes place on the socio-economic and political level of equal opportunities. ; A l'ère de la mondialisation, le devenir encore incertain et variable selon les groupes de l'immigration familiale se noue dans les rapports complexes entre des redéfinitions identitaires qui se jouent sur la scène culturelle mondialisée, et l'intégration des descendants des immigrés dans l'ordre national, qui se joue sur le terrain socio-économique et politique de l'égalisation des chances.