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International audience Ludwik Fleck is known mainly for his pioneering studies of science as a social activity. This text investigates a different aspect of Fleck's epistemological thought—his engagement with normative aspects of medicine and public health and their political underpinnings. In his sinuous professional trajectory, Fleck navigated between two distinct thought styles: fundamental microbiological research and practice-oriented investigations of infectious diseases. Fleck's awareness of tensions between these two approaches favored the genesis of his theoretical reflections. At the same time, his close observation of medical and epidemiological practices led him to the conclusion that collectively produced scientific facts are situated and fragile. Thought collectives, Fleck explained, can err or yield to external pressures, with potentially disastrous consequences. While Fleck the reflexive experimental scientist has been creatively translated into the science studies idiom, Fleck the reflexive practical microbiologist and public health expert still awaits inspired translation.

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

Summary: In order to identify what we believe is a post-metaphysical political ontology in Bataille's thinking that is strongly linked to the practice of writing. this work seeks to place the theoretical specificity of excess as an ontological problem in its philosophy, based on the development of a course reflecting on the status of this excess in Lévi-Strauss and post-structuralism, on the one hand, and on post-foundation political thinking, on the other. ; Resumen: Con el objeto de identificar lo que creemos constituye una ontología política posmetafísica en el pensamiento de Bataille –fuertemente vinculada a la práctica de la escritura– el presente trabajo intenta situar la especificidad teórica que ocupa el exceso como problema ontológico en su filosofía, a partir del desarrollo de un recorrido que reflexiona sobre el estatuto de dicho exceso en Lévi-Strauss y el posestructuralismo, por un lado, y en el pensamiento político posfundacional, por el otro.

Gotong Royong is identified as old-fashioned, only thought to be practiced in villages and traditional activities, due to the tendency for Millennials to participate in modern activities that tends to make them anti-social. However, when KOMPAS put out polling with the question, "Is there still Gotong Royong in this millennial era," as much as 63.5% of the respondents said that there are Gotong Royong activities in their neighborhood. Additionally, as many as 53.2% of respondents felt satisfied with the government's attempt to institutionalize the cultural value in several sectors. Also, more than 70% of the respondents stated that the spirit of Gotong Royong is still embedded in society. This fact implies that the spirit of Gotong Royong is still actively practiced by Indonesians living in both rural and urban areas. Gotong Royong could transcend in any future era because it is a value deeply embedded in the Indonesian people.

know how to govern and agree to be governed in a democracy: How can systemic thinking help us to act? Acts of the Colloquium demos16 for the 10 years of the European Systemic Union (UES) UES-EUS, S -O joined Seminar, Ittre, Belgium, Europe, 7 and 8 October 2016 ; Savoir gouverner et accepter d'être gouverné en démocratie : Comment la pensée systémique peut-elle nous aider à agir ? Actes du Colloque demos16 pour les 10 ans de l'asbl Systèmes & Organisations (S&O) de l'Union Européenne de Systémique (UES) UES-EUS, S&O joined Seminar, Ittre, Belgium, Europe, 7 et 8 octobre 2016

Accounting discipline as science has not been overlooked by the changes brought about by the economic, political and social crises. This work, which is part of a research project, recognises the emergence of a new paradigm of economic thinking that includes the environment. The objectives of the work are as follows: Link the emergence of new management tools to the evolution of economic paradigms. Consider using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool for incorporating the social and environmental dimension into business management. — Link the theoretical framework to the indicators relevant to the decision-making process when it comes to water resources. It is clear that since the last 20 years of the twentieth century climate change and sustainable development have been on the agenda of most countries and international bodies. The paradigm in which the projects to be carried out were those that recouped investment in the shortest time and with the highest profit margin is currently unviable as it does not include the social variable and the environment. The major challenge for businesses and their management systems is that the criterion of sustainability in their production cycle is incorporated as an input for decision-making. The definition of a conceptual framework and the identification of a system of environmental indicators allow for a management style that will favour planning and decision-making, as well as optimising the use of natural resources and encouraging sustainable development. As part of the research project, we will use a 'Balaced Scorecard' (BSC) to model the incorporation of water management and its link with the economic, environmental and social management of the company. We will include indicators that make it possible to measure, for example, the total abstraction of water by source, the percentage of recycled water, etc. It is important to note that, to date, an agreement has been made that allows researchers to collect and monitor water management practices to implement the SBSC in a ...

[ES] This study aims to show that a proper understanding of Miguel de Unamuno's political thinking and performance requires a thorough knowledge of the author's metaphysics. The evolution of his philosophical life, closely linked to his existential development, marked not only his ideology but also his way of understanding and doing history and society. In this respect, four axes of intersection between politics and metaphysics have been identified. Although he himself considered that his main political commitment lies in his written pleadings, his participation in national life was decisive. Spiritual maturation led him to abandon the utopian approaches of socialism and to defend positions where the spiritual dimension of humans takes precedence. Thanks to them, Mr Miguel clearly identified the danger of both fascist and communist approaches; actively addressing the demonstrations of both in Spain. For him, the mission of the country was based on the fundamental task of living and defending the philosophy of the tragic sentiment of life. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] This study aims to show that a proper understanding of Miguel de Unamuno's political thinking and performance requires a thorough knowledge of the author's metaphysics. The evolution of his philosophical life, closely linked to his existential development, marked not only his ideology but also his way of understanding and doing history and society. In this respect, four axes of intersection between politics and metaphysics have been identified. Although he himself considered that his main political commitment lies in his written pleadings, his participation in national life was decisive. Spiritual maturation led him to abandon the utopian approaches of socialism and to defend positions where the spiritual dimension of humans takes precedence. Thanks to them, Mr Miguel clearly identified the danger of both fascist and communist approaches; actively addressing the demonstrations of both in Spain. For him, the mission of the country was based on the ...

Summary: This article addresses the presence of Francisco de Miranda in Cuba between 1780 and 1783, considered to be one of the most complex periods of his trajectory. An assessment was made of the key factors affecting their intellectual formation and military trajectory during the phase under discussion. The sources used correspond to documents in your personal archive and other documents saved in Cuban archives, as well as prestigious student texts of your work and thinking. As a result, we appreciate the contradictions that led to their confrontation with the then two main Hispan powers: the Crown and Acquisition. These events led to his departure from the Spanish army and formed the preamble for the formation of his first pro-independence ideas in favour of Hispanoamerica. ; Resumen: El presente artículo aborda la presencia de Francisco de Miranda en Cuba, entre 1780 y 1783, considerado uno de los periodos más complejos de su trayectoria. Se realizó una valoración de los factores fundamentales que incidieron en su formación intelectual y trayectoria militar durante la etapa abordada. Las fuentes utilizadas se corresponden con documentos de su archivo personal y otros resguardados en los archivos cubanos, así como textos de prestigiosos estudiosos de su obra y pensamiento. Como resultado se valoran las contradicciones que provocaron su enfrentamiento con los dos principales poderes hispanos de entonces: la Corona y la Inquisición. Estos hechos provocaron su salida del ejército español y conformaron el preámbulo para la formación de sus primeras ideas independentistas a favor de Hispanoamérica.

Thirty years after the death of Michel Foucault, notwithstanding the fact that his thought has profoundly shaped the contemporary reflection and contributed to move beyond structuralism, the Urban Political Ecology in general and the Urban Political Ecology of water in particular are still dominated by Marxist-inspired theoretical frameworks. This paper aims to provide a theoretical rationale for the development and implementation of a Foucauldian approach to the UPE of water. We show how a Foucauldian approach could shed light on the hydro-social cycle and could be the basis of a specific form of scholarly political engagement.

[ES] In a specific section of the Crónica de Alfonso X, there is a rapprochement to the political thinking of the Spanish nobility of the thirteenth century, as reflected in the events of 1272-1273. It is suggested that: (a) the real undeclared motive of the uprising could be the nobilary — mainly the Large — opposition to the imperial ambitions of Alfonso X; (b) the in-depth study of nobility claims reveals not only specific ambitions and interests, but also the existence of conceptions about the kingdom, society and the role of nobility in it, which conflict with initiatives articulated since the monarchy in the previous decades. ; Peer reviewed ; [ES] In a specific section of the Crónica de Alfonso X, there is a rapprochement to the political thinking of the Spanish nobility of the thirteenth century, as reflected in the events of 1272-1273. It is suggested that: (a) the real undeclared motive of the uprising could be the nobilary — mainly the Large — opposition to the imperial ambitions of Alfonso X; (b) the in-depth study of nobility claims reveals not only specific ambitions and interests, but also the existence of conceptions about the kingdom, society and the role of nobility in it, which conflict with initiatives articulated since the monarchy in the previous decades. ; [FR] À travers l'analyse du passage de la Chronique d'Alphonse X consacré aux événements des années 1272-1273, l'on tente une approche de la pensée politique de la noblesse castillane du XIIIe siècle telle que ces événements la reflètent. L'on suggère: a) que le véritable mobile, non déclaré, de la révolte a pu être l'opposition nobiliaire -principalement des Lara- aux ambitions impériales d'Alphonse X; b) que l'étude approfondie des revendications nobiliaires ne révèle pas seulement des ambitions et des intérêts particuliers, mais encore l'existence d'idées sur le royaume, la société et le rôle de la noblesse dans celle-ci qui se heurtent aux initiatives monarchiques des décennies antérieures. ; [ES] In a specific section of the Crónica ...

Rhetoric and Poetics have a long cultural and conceptual history in common. Although Aristotle claims in these treatises the autonomy of their respective disciplines, he also recognizes that they share a common domain. This paper wants to show the external and internal confluence that closely links both works and both disciplines. In the first section, we do some research on the two positions that the ancient catalogues and presentations assign to the teachings of Rhetoric and Poetics. The analyses of the second section intend to establish that the conceptual interdependence of the two disciplines occurs in the joint field of diánoia and léksiz. Finally, we argue that in thought and elocution -as we cautiously translate them- could be suggested the common history that rhetoric and poetic have had in their later development, as they were mutually and alternatively absorbed. ; La Retórica y la Poética tienen una larga historia cultural y conceptual en común. Aun cuando Aristóteles afirma en ambos tratados la autonomía de sus respectivas disciplinas, también reconoce que éstas comparten un terreno común. Este trabajo pretende mostrar la confluencia externa e interna que unió ambas obras y ambas disciplinas. En la primera sección, documentamos las dos ubicaciones que los antiguos catálogos y presentaciones asignaron a las enseñanzas de Aristóteles en la Retórica y en la Poética. Los análisis de la segunda sección intentan establecer que la interdependencia conceptual de las dos disciplinas acaece en el terreno común de la diánoia y de la léksiz. Finalmente, sostenemos que en el pensamiento y en la elocución -como tentativamente los traducimos- podría estar sugerida la historia que la retórica y la poética han tenido en su desarrollo posterior, en la medida en que fueron mutua y alternativamente absorbidas. Documento incorporado en 2018 en el marco del "Programa de becas de experiencia laboral" de la Biblioteca Profesor Guillermo Obiols para estudiantes de Bibliotecología, a partir de un procedimiento técnico de ...

In this article I will jointly study Althusser's writing on the Marxian theory of primitive accumulation as a paradigmatic example of random materialism and the debates in which he participated in the PCF's abandonment of the concept of dictatorship of the propensity. The analysis of the concept of transition as it emerges from these documents allows us to revisit the concept of production method such as Althusser theorisa since the 60s, by taking it as a focus on thinking that grasps political action in the economic context, that is to say, as it is taken in a fight against current and incompatible trends. ; Dans cet article j'étudierai conjointement les écrits d'Althusser sur la théorie marxienne de l'accumulation primitive en tant qu'exemple paradigmatique de matérialisme aléatoire et les débats auxquels il participa lors de l'abandon par le PCF de la notion de dictature du prolétariat. L'analyse du concept de transition tel qu'il ressort de ces écrits permet de revenir sur le concept de mode production tel qu'Althusser le théorisa depuis les années 60, en le comprenant comme axé sur une pensée qui saisit l'action politique dans la conjoncture, c'est-à-dire en tant qu'elle est prise dans une lutte de tendances actuelles et incompatibles.

The concepts of precariousness and informality have been used for more than 30 years to identify major transformations in the world of work. The interest and limitations of these two concepts are shown by taking them together as mirrors to understand the dynamics of societies for which they were not initially thought of. The use and significance of categories of precariousness and informality are placed in their two national contexts and according to their areas of use: political, institutional, academic and popular. First, the socio-historical conditions for the appearance of the two concepts are defined, and finally the possibilities of rethinking them taking into account the characteristics of the phenomena they are aimed at. ; Les notions de précarité et d'informalité sont utilisés depuis plus de trente ans pour désigner des transformations majeures du monde du travail. On montre l'intérêt et les limites de ces deux concepts en les prenant en compte conjointement comme miroirs pour comprendre des dynamiques de sociétés pour lesquelles ils n'étaient pas pensés initialement. On situe l'utilisation et la signification des catégories de précarité et d'informalité dans leurs deux contextes nationaux et selon leurs domaines d'utilisation: politique, institutionnel, universitaire et populaire. On commence par situer les conditions sociohistoriques d'apparition des deux concepts, pour terminer en évoquant les possibilités de les repenser en prenant en considération les caractéristiques des phénomènes qu'ils visent. ; The concepts of precariousness and informality have been used for more than 30 years to identify major transformations in the world of work. The interest and limitations of these two concepts are shown by taking them together as mirrors to understand the dynamics of societies for which they were not initially thought of. The use and significance of categories of precariousness and informality are placed in their two national contexts and according to their areas of use: political, institutional, ...

In these 'prolegomenes to a philosophy of disasters', it is argued that a philosophical reflection on these phenomena must be bound to work as far as possible (by addressing the issue from a metaphysical, ontological, epistemological, aesthetic, ethical and political point of view) and by exploring all the resources that thought offers us as a cognitive tool (describe, understand, explain), emotional (feel and feel, test), predictive (predict, imagine) and normative (judge, decide). Thinking about disasters in the plural, it is also clear that historically the world is not ending up in the minds of men and that this possibility of the end has given rise to reflections of a wide variety (from the most astonishing effroi to the toughest enthusiasm) which are worth analysing each of them for itself. ; Dans ces « Prolégomènes à une philosophie des catastrophes », on avance qu'une réflexion philosophique sur ces phénomènes doit s'obliger à travailler dans une extension maximum (en abordant la question du point de vue métaphysique, ontologique, épistémologique, esthétique, éthique et politique) et en explorant toutes les ressources que nous offre la pensée comme outil cognitif (décrire, comprendre, expliquer), émotionnel (sentir et ressentir, éprouver), prédictif (prévoir, imaginer) et normatif (juger, décider). Penser les catastrophes au pluriel, c'est aussi se rendre compte qu'historiquement, le monde n'en finit pas de finir dans l'esprit des hommes et que cette possibilité de la fin a suscité en eux des réflexions d'une grande variété (de l'effroi le plus glaçant à l'enthousiasme le plus ardent) qui valent la peine d'être analysées chacune pour elle-même.

Though African American literature can be regarded by some theorists as a means of defining the racial self, a postmodernist reading of Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada delves into the intrinsic value of that literature which supersedes the traditional racial connotation ascribed to it. Reed not only castigates the metanarrative of the American cultural and democratic thought through the exposure of its inconstancies and the criticism of traditional ideas on race and ethnicity, but he also gives proof of his creative genius by operating a carnivalization of the novel genre itself.