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Different mechanisms, grouped together and known as the Novo Synthesis, lead in the cooling phase of an incineration process to the reformation of polychloro- di-benzo (p) dioxins (PCDDs) and polychloro- di-benzo furannes (PCDFs), present in the emission gases. As part of the harmonisation of European legislation, the legislator introduced an upper limit value of 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m³ for the incineration sector. This value also creates the necessary efforts to purify gaseous discharges, high technical requirements for sampling and analysis, and for ensuring the quality of the result obtained. The very good reproducibility of the so-called 'incineration profiles' obtained for gaseous discharges from a household waste incineration plant offers a good opportunity to verify the plausibility of the result obtained and is therefore an important aspect of the quality assurance of the measure. ; International audience Several mechanisms, well known with the collective term « de novo-synthesis », are leading to the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo (p) dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the flue gas downstream from combustion processes. Due to the harmonization of the EC legislation the limit value of 0.1 ng I-TEQ/m3 has to be met for the clean gas of hazardous waste incinerators and is likely coming up as a limit for municipal waste incinerators as well. This demands a lot of requirements not only referring to the flue gas cleaning devices but also to the sampling techniques, the analysis of PCDD/F and at least the overall quality assurance of the obtained results. The high reproducibility of the so called « combustion profiles » in the flue gas from municipal waste incinerators supplies an important contribution as a part aspect of the quality assurance. ; Different mechanisms, grouped together and known as the Novo Synthesis, lead in the cooling phase of an incineration process to the reformation of polychloro- di-benzo (p) dioxins (PCDDs) and polychloro- di-benzo furannes (PCDFs), present in ...

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

Summary Summary Reimagentationalsolationalvulnerability means recognising our responsibility towards those who thrive and those who fail to persist because they are abandoned or eliminated. Recognition of our vulnerability allows us to find other Community forms which, on the basis of human protection links, escape the abstraction of the value of life, while respecting the social and political conditions underpinning life, especially when they fail. This task is not straightforward in contexts marked by violence. This work raises three key issues: the recognition of vulnerability, violence as a break in interdependence and our responsibility towards others. Looking at our vulnerability can become the basis of another community. ; Resumen Reimaginarunacomunidadsobrelabasedelavulnerabilidad implica reconocer nuestra responsabilidad para con aquéllos que prosperan y aquéllos que no logran persistir porque son abandonados o eliminados. El reconocimiento de nuestra vulnerabilidad nos permite encontrar otras formas comunitarias que, a partir de los vínculos humanos de protección, escapen a la abstracción sobre el valor de la vida, ateniéndose, en cambio, a las condiciones sociopolíticas sostenedoras de ésta, especialmente cuando éstas fallan. Esta tarea no resulta sencilla en contextos marcados por la violencia. Este trabajo plantea tres asuntos fundamentales: el reconocimiento de la vulnerabilidad, la violencia como ruptura de la interdependencia y nuestra responsabilidad frente a los demás. Examinar nuestra vulnerabilidad puede convertirse en la base de otra comunidad.

A Markov tree is a probabilistic graphical model for a random vector by which conditional independence relations between variables are encoded via an undirected tree and each node corresponds to a variable. One possible max-stable attractor for such a model is a Hüsler-Reiss extreme value distribution whose variogram matrix inherits its structure from the tree, each edge contributing one free dependence parameter. Even if some of the variables are latent, as can occur on junctions or splits in a river network, the underlying model parameters are still identifiable if and only if every node corresponding to a missing variable has degree at least three. Three estimation procedures, based on the method of moments, maximum composite likelihood, and pairwise extremal coeffcients, are proposed for usage on multivariate peaks over thresholds data. The model and the methods are illustrated on a dataset of high water levels at several locations on the Seine network. The structured Hüsler-Reiss distribution is found to fit the observed extremal dependence well, and the fitted model confirms the importance of ow-connectedness for the strength of dependence between high water levels, even for locations at large distance apart.

Le Marais de Dol in the 18th century, is a fertile wetland, at least for its upgraded part. With a high agricultural potential, however, it remains fragile and is continually threatened by frequent floods and the flow and reflux of marine waters. The Dol Marais provokes a lot of convoy and is at the heart of conflicts of power between the actors involved in its development and operation, at various levels: the issue of power between the Intendance and the provincial institutions, which is the source of conflicts between those institutions, representing the authority, and its users, and finally, the point of friction between these own users, 'local' and 'foreign'. Beyond these conflicts, it seems that everyone wants the Dol Marsh to be promoted and its sustainability over time, but only the points of view and the means to be used vary. ; International audience ; Le Marais de Dol in the 18th century, is a fertile wetland, at least for its upgraded part. With a high agricultural potential, however, it remains fragile and is continually threatened by frequent floods and the flow and reflux of marine waters. The Dol Marais provokes a lot of convoy and is at the heart of conflicts of power between the actors involved in its development and operation, at various levels: the issue of power between the Intendance and the provincial institutions, which is the source of conflicts between those institutions, representing the authority, and its users, and finally, the point of friction between these own users, 'local' and 'foreign'. Beyond these conflicts, it seems that everyone wants the Dol Marsh to be promoted and its sustainability over time, but only the points of view and the means to be used vary. ; Le Marais de Dol, au XVIIIe siècle, est une zone humide fertile, tout au moins pour sa partie aménagée. Dotée d'un fort potentiel agricole, elle reste néanmoins fragile et est continuellement menacée de disparition par des inondations fréquentes et par le flux et le reflux des eaux marines. Le Marais de Dol suscite bien ...

Different mechanisms, grouped together and known as the Novo Synthesis, lead to the cooling of an incineration process to the reformation of dioxins and furans present in the emission gases. As part of the harmonisation of European legislation, the legislator has introduced an upper limit value of 0,1 ng l-TEQ/m³ for the incineration.In addition to conventional discontinuous sampling methods, new techniques are now emerging. The AMESA system thus offers the possibility of long-term monitoring, representative of several weeks of operation of an incineration plant, thus improving the significance of the result obtained. ; International audience Several mechanisms, well known with the collective term « de novo-synthesis », are leading to the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the flue gas downstream from combustion processes. Due to the harmonization of the EC legislation, the limit value of 0.1 ng l-TEQ/m3 has to be met for the clean gas of hazardous waste incinerators and likely coming up as a limit for municipal waste incinerators as well.Since a recent time new sampling's methods have been developed. The AMESA system is one of them. It gives the possibility to realize a long time sampling with a result which is representative of a few weeks of incineration and emission. The signification of the value has been improved. ; Different mechanisms, grouped together and known as the Novo Synthesis, lead to the cooling of an incineration process to the reformation of dioxins and furans present in the emission gases. As part of the harmonisation of European legislation, the legislator has introduced an upper limit value of 0,1 ng l-TEQ/m³ for the incineration.In addition to conventional discontinuous sampling methods, new techniques are now emerging. The AMESA system thus offers the possibility of long-term monitoring, representative of several weeks of operation of an incineration plant, thus improving the significance of the result obtained. ; Différents ...

212 219 648 ; S ; [EN] The interaction of small molecules with acid-base and redox centers in small Ce21O42 nanoparticles has been theoretically investigated using the DFT + U approach with the PW91 functional and U = 0.2 and 4 eV, in order to determine the influence of the U value on the trends observed in selected properties describing such interactions. CO adsorption at low coordinated Ce4+ Lewis acid centers, water adsorption and dissociation at acid-base pairs, formation of oxygen vacancy defects by removal of an oxygen atom from the system, and interaction of molecular O-2 with such defects have been considered. The largest effect of the value of U is found for the description of the reduced Ce21O41 nanoparticle. In all other cases involving stoichiometric and oxidized Ce21O42 and Ce21O43 systems, the trends in the calculated adsorption and reaction energies, optimized geometries, charge distribution, and vibrational frequencies are quite similar at the three levels considered. Financial support from the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (Consolider Ingenio 2010-MULTICAT CSD2009-00050 and Subprograma de apoyo a Centros y Universidades de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV 2012 0267) is acknowledged. The European Union is also acknowledged by ERC-AdG-2014-671093 — SynCatMatch. Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and Centre de Càlcul de la Universitat de València are gratefully acknowledged for computational facilities and technical assistance. T. L.-A. thanks ITQ for a contract. We thank Konstantin Neyman for providing the Ce21O42 nanoparticle model. Boronat Zaragoza, M.; López Auséns, JT.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). The acid-base and redox reactivity of CeO2 nanoparticles: Influence of the Hubbard U term in DFT plus U studies. Surface Science. 648:212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.10.047

The aim of the work is to present a quick method for estimating the energy and environmental impact of the use of biogas from urban waste water treatment. The analysed atmospheric emissions consist of methane and carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gases. A cogeneration thermal engine is used to recover biogas. The results show that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for an urban waste water treatment plant. The environmental impact (reduction of CH4 emissions and overall greenhouse effect) is an important aspect for assessing a biogas farm. ; International audience The aim of this paper is to present a fast method to consider the energy and environmental effect of the use of biogas (resulting from municipal waste water treatment) in cogeneration. The analyzed atmospheric emissions are composed by methane and carbon dioxide, principal gases producing greenhouse effect. À spark ignition engine, as CHP cell, is used for biogas valorization. An example of calculation for a real case offers estimated values, useful to take a decision concerning a biogas plant. If biogas is composed by 65 % of methane, electric needs are provided by CHP cell for a specific production greater than 0.18 Nm3/m3 waste water and heat is provided from 69 % of methane. The results prove that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for a municipal waste water treatment plant. The environmental impact (reduction of the presence of CH4 and the greenhouse effect) represents a significant aspect to evaluate a biogas exploitation. ; The aim of the work is to present a quick method for estimating the energy and environmental impact of the use of biogas from urban waste water treatment. The analysed atmospheric emissions consist of methane and carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gases. A cogeneration thermal engine is used to recover biogas. The results show that the use of biogas in cogeneration offers significant energy autonomy for an urban waste water treatment plant. The ...

Reflecting its designated status, the Cookery Collection at the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, includes many unique or rare documents that have not been digitised but which have significant potential value for international researchers. The collections are: 1. Cookery Printed Books is composed of a range of individual gifts made to the university since 1939. It includes nearly 10,000 printed volumes and over 140 manuscript recipe and household books. Its holdings range from 1487 to the present day. The collection has particular thematic strengths in astronomy, empire, home economics, medicine, confectionery, recipes, menus, and vegetarianism. National traditions, including those of China and Italy among others, are also well represented. 2. Cookery Scrapbooks . The work of a single cook, Ann Sergeant, the extensive cuttings (packaging, recipes, ingredients) and recipes in these scrapbooks offer a distinctive window of the evolution of food production and cooking since World War Two. 3. Michael Bateman Archive. This archive includes scrapbooks, videotape, artwork, and diaries alongside the published writings of Michael Bateman. The collection reflects Bateman's interest in contemporary food writing as well as in processes of food manufacture, including his 1980s Campaign for Real Bread. 4. Food Standards Committee Papers . Alongside his noted work in establishing the Procter Department of Food Science at the University of Leeds, Professor Alan Ward was chair of the British government's Food Standards Commitment between 1959 and 1977. These papers include a series of important reports that the committee published in this time among other contextual documents. Scoping work carried out as a result of this AHRC research network has indicated that a t least 17% of the material in the Cookery Collection has been digitised. Approximately 4% of this material has been digitised by the university while the remaining 96% sits on external resources such as the Internet Archive.

Little is generally known about international trade in forest-related products in spite of the fact that a significant portion of world production is exported. Two irreversible trends underlie international trade in forest-related products. one is globalisation while the other is adding as much value as possible locally by processing the materials to the greatest extent possible in the country of origin. Some of the more surprising recent developments are the growth in trade in wood as a source of energy and the dependency of Europe on its massive imports in this area. International trade in forest-related products is a continually changing sector that follows developments in the technical, economic, social and political spheres. Its growth has been spectacular and will remain strong in coming years. The greatest potential for development will come from environmental management, improved logistics and innovation. ; Le commerce international des produits forestiers est souvent mal connu dans son ensemble, bien qu'une proportion importante de la production mondiale soit exportée. Deux tendances irréversibles sous-tendent les échanges internationaux de produits forestiers. La première est celle de la globalisation, la deuxième est d'ajouter le plus de valeur possible localement en transformant autant que possible dans le pays d'origine. Parmi les évolutions récentes, le développement du commerce de bois énergie est surprenant, tout comme la dépendance de l'Europe vis-à-vis de ses importations massives dans ce domaine. Le commerce international des produits forestiers est un secteur en constante mutation. Il évolue avec les réalités techniques, économiques, sociales et politiques. Sa croissance a été spectaculaire et restera forte dans les années à venir. Ses principaux axes de développement seront la gestion environnementale, l'amélioration de la logistique et l'innovation.

The editions of documents relating to the Castile and Leon Parliament in the Middle Ages, from large collections such as that of the Academy of History to those appearing in the monographs specialising in some of their stages, can and must be supplemented by editions obtained from the local archives. The municipal archive of Cuenca, which has often been used to link up unique documents of great value, contains a very small set of documentary references which offer many possibilities for research into the historical course of the Parliament. ; Peer reviewed ; The editions of documents relating to the Castile and Leon Parliament in the Middle Ages, from large collections such as that of the Academy of History to those appearing in the monographs specialising in some of their stages, can and must be supplemented by editions obtained from the local archives. The municipal archive of Cuenca, which has often been used to link up unique documents of great value, contains a very small set of documentary references which offer many possibilities for research into the historical course of the Parliament. ; Las ediciones de documentos sobre las Cortes de Castilla y León en la Edad Media, desde las grandes colecciones como la de la Academia de la Historia, hasta las que aparecen en las monografíasespecializadas sobre alguna de sus etapas, pueden y deben ser completadas con ediciones obtenidas de los archivos locales. El archivo municipal de Cuenca, que ha sido con frecuencia utilizado para entresacar documentos singulares de gran valor, encierra un conjunto muy ámplio de referencias documentales que ofrecen muchas posibilidades de investigación sobre el curso histórico de las Cortes.

Target Summary: know the rural resilience to external shocks and the role played by the mills of families belonging to coffee cooperatives in two regions of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: qualitative study with a focus on analysing content through tours, visits and interviews with partners' families, divided into three categories for milpa practice: (1) those who left her to be engaged solely in coffee cultivation; (2) those who never left it and (3) those who left it but then resumed it. Results: resilience is interpreted in terms of Chayanovians balances, relative autonomy and other elements in 47 interviews. Value: These balance sheets feed into the discussion on resilience. Conclusions: the resilience system is composed of an interlinked balance sheet mechanism aimed at adjusting the levels of peasinity needed to maintain the social reproduction of the family unit under changing conditions. ; Resumen Objetivo: conocer la resiliencia campesina a choques externos y el papel que desempeñan las milpas de las familias que pertenecen a cooperativas de café en dos regiones de Chiapas, México. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con enfoque de análisis de contenido mediante recorridos, visitas y entrevistas a las familias de los socios, divididas en tres categorías en cuanto a la práctica de la milpa: 1) las que la abandonaron para dedicarse sólo al cultivo del café; 2) las que nunca la abandonaron y 3) las que la abandonaron, pero luego la retomaron. Resultados: se interpreta la resiliencia en términos de balances chayanovianos, autonomía relativa y otros elementos en 47 entrevistas. Valor: Dichos balances abonan información a la discusión sobre la resiliencia. Conclusiones: el sistema de resiliencia está conformado por un mecanismo de balances interrelacionados dirigidos a ajustar los grados de campesinidad necesarios para mantener la reproducción social de la unidad familiar bajo condiciones cambiantes.

Gotong Royong is identified as old-fashioned, only thought to be practiced in villages and traditional activities, due to the tendency for Millennials to participate in modern activities that tends to make them anti-social. However, when KOMPAS put out polling with the question, "Is there still Gotong Royong in this millennial era," as much as 63.5% of the respondents said that there are Gotong Royong activities in their neighborhood. Additionally, as many as 53.2% of respondents felt satisfied with the government's attempt to institutionalize the cultural value in several sectors. Also, more than 70% of the respondents stated that the spirit of Gotong Royong is still embedded in society. This fact implies that the spirit of Gotong Royong is still actively practiced by Indonesians living in both rural and urban areas. Gotong Royong could transcend in any future era because it is a value deeply embedded in the Indonesian people.

At the time of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the first Bulgarian Constitution (the so-called Tirnovo Constitution), it is worth pointing out that in the 19th century, Belgium and Bulgaria drew, albeit with varying intensities, from the same sources of constitutional law//SOMMAIRE: I. Hier/A. The Belgian Constitution of 7 February 1831/1. On pluralisme/2. Parliamentarism/B. The Bulgarian Constitution of 16 April 1879/1. Forme/2. The Fund//II. Today/A. The Belgian Constitution, as revised from 1970/1. State fédéral/2. The Bulgarian Constitution of 13 July 1991/1. Reply interne/2. International, and especially European, influence ; Au moment où est célébré le cent trentième anniversaire de la première Constitution bulgare (la Constitution dite « de Tirnovo »), il n'est pas inutile de souligner qu'au XIXe siècle, la Belgique et la Bulgarie ont puisé, fût-ce avec des intensités variables, aux mêmes sources du droit constitutionnel // SOMMAIRE : I. Hier / A. La Constitution belge du 7 février 1831 / 1. Le pluralisme / 2. Le parlementarisme / B. La Constitution bulgare du 16 avril 1879 / 1. La forme / 2. Le fond // II. Aujourd'hui / A. La Constitution belge révisée à partir de 1970 / 1. L'Etat fédéral / 2. L'Union européenne / B. La Constitution bulgare du 13 juillet 1991 / 1. La réponse interne / 2. L'influence internationale, et spécialement européenne

139 146 198 ; S ; [EN] Humic-like substances (HLS) extracted from urban wastes have been tested as auxiliaries for the photo Fenton removal of thiabendazole (TBZ) under simulated sunlight. Experimental design methodology based on Doehlert matrices was employed to check the effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, HLS amount as well as TBZ loading; this last parameter was studied in the range 25-100 mg/L, to include values below and above the limit of solubility at pH = 5. Very satisfactory results were reached when TBZ was above solubility if HLS and H2O2 amounts were high. This could be attributed to an interaction of HLS-TBZ that enhances the solubility of the pollutant. Additional evidence supporting the latter interaction was obtained by fluorescence measurements (excitation emission matrices) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Authors want to acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2015-69832-C04) and European Union (645551-RISE-2014, MAT4TREAT). The present work was partially supported by UNLP (11/X679), ANPCyT (PICT-2015-0374A) and CONICET (PIP: 12-2013-01-00236CO). B. Caram thank the CONICET for his research graduate grant. F. S. Garcia Einschlag is a research member of CONICET. Caram, B.; García-Ballesteros, S.; Santos-Juanes Jordá, L.; Arqués Sanz, A.; Garcia-Einschlag, FS. (2018). Humic like substances for the treatment of scarcely soluble pollutants by mild photo-Fenton process. Chemosphere. 198:139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.074