Suchergebnisse

agriculture is now at a crossroads. It must now meet the expectations of society in terms of environmental protection and move towards a multifunctional model. One of the key instruments of European rural development policy, the second pillar of the CAP, is the granting of agri-environmental aid, i.e. payments to farmers who voluntarily undertake, for a limited period of time, to implement environmentally-friendly farming practices which exceed the level of mandatory requirements. The purpose of this report is to present the agri-environmental scheme applicable in the Walloon Region and to assess, as far as possible, the advantages and disadvantages of preserving and managing the environment in agriculture. After recalling the legal framework, I shall discuss the principles governing agri-environmental aid. I shall then develop the main building blocks and mechanisms designed to ensure their effectiveness. Finally, we will assess their effectiveness and relevance in the light of their environmental objectives. ; L'agriculture est aujourd'hui à la croisée des chemins. Elle doit désormais répondre aux attentes de la société en termes de protection de l'environnement et s'orienter vers un modèle multifonctionnel. L'un des instruments phares de la politique européenne de développement rural, deuxième pilier de la PAC, consiste dans l'octroi d'aides agro-environnementales, c'est-à-dire le versement de paiements aux agriculteurs qui s'engagent volontairement, pour une durée limitée, à mettre en oeuvre des pratiques agricoles favorables à l'environnement qui dépassent le niveau d'exigences obligatoires. Le présent rapport a pour objet de présenter le régime agro-environnemental applicable en Région wallonne et d'en évaluer, tant que faire se peut, les avantages et inconvénients pour préserver et gérer l'environnement en milieu agricole. Après avoir rappelé le cadre juridique, nous évoquerons les principes qui régissent les aides agro-environnementales. Nous en développerons ensuite les principaux éléments constitutifs ...

Strong public finances are the prerequisite for rebuilding confidence in the state's capacity to act and are key to long-term growth and the creation of favourable employment conditions. The lack of confidence in the sustainability of public finances in some Member States was one of the main triggers of the crisis in the euro area. Many neighbouring countries decided, some even before the so-called 'debt crisis', to introduce debt cap mechanisms in their legislation. Others took firm political commitments which have been maintained over time, the results of which we see today. Among these countries, we will carefully analyse five of them: Sweden, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Chile and Germany. ; Unas finanzas públicas sólidas son el requisito previo para la reconstrucción de la confianza en la capacidad del Estado para actuar y son fundamentales en el crecimiento a largo plazo así como para la creación de condiciones de empleo favorables. La falta de confianza en la sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas en algunos Estados miembro fue uno de los principales desencadenantes de la crisis en la zona euro. Numerosos países de nuestro entorno decidieron, algunos antes incluso de la llamada 'crisis de la deuda', introducir mecanismos de límite de deuda en sus legislaciones. Otros adoptaron compromisos políticos firmes que se han mantenido en el tiempo, y cuyos resultados vemos a día de hoy. Entre estos países, analizaremos detenidamente cinco de ellos: Suecia, Reino Unido, Suiza, Chile y Alemania.

There are many criteria which determine whether a city is a good capital. Ecological considerations lead us to place more emphasis on one criterion in particular, i.e. the more or less central location of the capital within the territory. Which European city meets this criterion best? Is the choice of Brussels as capital of the European Union likely to withstand the growing importance of this criterion and the continued enlargement towards the east? In order to answer these questions, this article defines four centres of gravity – 'diplomatic', 'demographic', 'metropolitan' and 'civic' – using new databases and computation techniques. Within the framework of the EU-27, Prague comes first from a 'diplomatic' point of view, Frankfurt from a 'demographic' point of view, Luxembourg from a 'metropolitan' point of view and Brussels from a 'civic' point of view. In a maximalist scenario of enlargement towards the east, this group is replaced by Vienna, Munich, Strasbourg and Brussels. The fourth criterion – which is the most favourable to Brussels – is also, on the surface, the most unstable. This article ends with a discussion of the mechanisms which are likely to ensure that Brussels will keep the 'civic centrality' imparted to it historically by chance.

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

162 169 55 6 ; S ; © 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. [EN] The provision of very high capacity is one of the big challenges of the 5G cellular technology. This challenge will not be met using traditional approaches like increasing spectral efficiency and bandwidth, as witnessed in previous technology generations. Cell densification will play a major role thanks to its ability to increase the spatial reuse of the available resources. However, this solution is accompanied by some additional management challenges. In this article, we analyze and present the most promising solutions identified in the METIS project for the most relevant network layer challenges of cell densification: resource, interference and mobility management. This work was performed in the framework of the FP7 project ICT-317669 METIS, which is partly funded by the European Union. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues in METIS, although the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the project. Calabuig Soler, D.; Barmpounakis, S.; Giménez Colás, S.; Kousaridas, A.; Lakshmana, TR.; Lorca, J.; Lunden, P. (2017). Resource and Mobility Management in the Network Layer of 5G Cellular Ultra-Dense Networks. IEEE Communications Magazine. 55(6):162-169. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600293

How can philosophical theories of justice possibly translate into fullyfledged fiscal proposals? Reading Liam Murphy and Thomas Nagel's Myth of Ownership will definitely be of great use to political philosophers interested in answering this key question. The book is organized around two central (sets of) claims that repeatedly resurface across the chapters.

What is meant by "material"? This term usually refers to the original project presented by Michel Henry in the 1990 book, which, in contrast to husserlian hyletic, seeks to return to the way in which it is printed, below its intentional apprehension. However, as this study first hopes to show, the radicality of this return is less due to the unintentional nature of the impression, conceived as self-affection, than it is entirely unaltered. Henry relies here on a reading of the Husserl Leons of 1905 on time, according to which any change in the printing would in itself already be an intentional apprehension. However, as will then be suggested, the change in the printing may not already be synonymous with its apprehension. Levinas' reading of the Leons of 1905 reveals an original and unintentional difference, immanent in the impressive sphere — the presence of altering, altering or transcendance, which is immanent in printing. Does that reading not affect the 'immense task' of a material legislative process, below the aporie to which Henry's ontological dualism seems to lead? ; Qu'entendre par phénoménologie « matérielle » ? Cette expression désigne habituellement le projet phénoménologique original exposé par Michel Henry dans l'ouvrage de 1990 et qui entend, contre l'hylétique husserlienne, faire retour au mode de phénoménalité propre à l'impression, en deçà de son appréhension intentionnelle. Mais, comme cette étude espère d'abord le montrer, la radicalité de ce retour tient moins au caractère non intentionnel de l'impression, conçue comme auto-affection, qu'il ne tient à son caractère absolument non modifié. Henry s'appuie ici sur une lecture des Leçons de 1905 de Husserl sur le temps, selon laquelle toute modification de l'impression relèverait déjà, en elle-même, d'une appréhension intentionnelle. Or, comme ils'agira ensuite de le suggérer, la modification de l'impression pourrait n'être pas déjà synonyme de son appréhension. La lecture par Levinas des Leçons de 1905 y décèle une différence originaire et non ...

Report of Mercosur countries on the breakdown of the constitutional order in the Republic of Paraguay, expressing the firm hope that the ongoing electoral process in the country will lead to the full normalisation of its institutional life and reiterates the firm commitment to take action against any breach of democratic order in the region. It also deals with decisions to be taken on human rights in Latin America. The text is complete in Spanish and Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IRI) ; Informe de los países integrantes del MERCOSUR, respecto a la ruptura del orden constitucional en la República de Paraguay, donde se expresa la firme esperanza de que el proceso electoral en curso en el país conduzca a la plena normalización de su vida institucional y se reitera el compromiso firme de actuar contra cualquier ruptura del orden democrático en la región. Asimismo se trata sobre decisiones a tomar sobre Derechos Humanos en América Latina. El texto se encuentra completo en español y portugués Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

En la presente coyuntura socioeconómica, la posibilidad de inclusión a través del empleo de las personas con discapacidad es importante no solo por las posibilidades de autonomía económica, sino también por las oportunidades de socialización. Sobre esta base, y considerando que las empresas socialmente responsables asumen la inclusión de estas personas en sus plantillas como una posibilidad de crecimiento y de diferenciación, en el texto se analiza, de manera descriptiva, el papel que las administraciones públicas (AA. PP.) autonómicas, con competencias en la materia, pueden, deben y están haciendo para fomentar la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) y la gestión de la inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad. A partir de la discusión teórica y de la revisión de las políticas desarrolladas, se pretende dar respuesta a las siguientes cuestiones de fondo: ¿Cómo se está atendiendo la pluralidad en las empresas desde las administraciones públicas? ¿Son la RSC y la gestión de las personas con discapacidad modas pasajeras o por el contrario pueden resultar un instrumento válido de inclusión de estas personas dentro de los espacios de trabajo? Llegando a la conclusión de que esto solo será posible desde una RSC estratégica e integradora. : At the present socio-economic juncture, the possibility of inclusion through the employment of people with disability is important not only because of the possibilities of economic autonomy, but also because of the opportunities for socialization. On this basis and considering that socially responsible companies take on the inclusion of these people in their workforce as a possibility of growth and differentiation, in the text is analyzed, in a descriptive way, the role that the autonomous Public Administrations (AA. PP.), with competences in the area, can, should and are doing to promote Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and management for the labor inclusion of people with disability. Based on the theoretical discussion and the review of the policies developed, ...

Little is generally known about international trade in forest-related products in spite of the fact that a significant portion of world production is exported. Two irreversible trends underlie international trade in forest-related products. one is globalisation while the other is adding as much value as possible locally by processing the materials to the greatest extent possible in the country of origin. Some of the more surprising recent developments are the growth in trade in wood as a source of energy and the dependency of Europe on its massive imports in this area. International trade in forest-related products is a continually changing sector that follows developments in the technical, economic, social and political spheres. Its growth has been spectacular and will remain strong in coming years. The greatest potential for development will come from environmental management, improved logistics and innovation. ; Le commerce international des produits forestiers est souvent mal connu dans son ensemble, bien qu'une proportion importante de la production mondiale soit exportée. Deux tendances irréversibles sous-tendent les échanges internationaux de produits forestiers. La première est celle de la globalisation, la deuxième est d'ajouter le plus de valeur possible localement en transformant autant que possible dans le pays d'origine. Parmi les évolutions récentes, le développement du commerce de bois énergie est surprenant, tout comme la dépendance de l'Europe vis-à-vis de ses importations massives dans ce domaine. Le commerce international des produits forestiers est un secteur en constante mutation. Il évolue avec les réalités techniques, économiques, sociales et politiques. Sa croissance a été spectaculaire et restera forte dans les années à venir. Ses principaux axes de développement seront la gestion environnementale, l'amélioration de la logistique et l'innovation.

On 1 July 2013, 10 years after applying for membership of the European Union, Croatia will become the 28th EU Member State and the second country in the former Yugoslavia to join the EU. In this note, after a rapid review of the state of play, we will return to what seems to us to be the two main weaknesses of the country: on the one hand, its lack of competitiveness and, on the other hand, its level of corruption still far too high to ensure sustained and sustainable growth (.). ; Le 1er juillet 2013, 10 ans après avoir déposé sa demande d'adhésion à l'Union européenne, la Croatie deviendra le 28e État membre de l'UE, et le deuxième pays de l'ex-Yougoslavie à intégrer l'Union. Dans cette note, après un rapide état des lieux, nous reviendrons sur ce qui nous semble être les deux principales faiblesses du pays : d'une part, son manque de compétitivité, et d'autre part, son niveau de corruption encore beaucoup trop élevé pour lui garantir une croissance soutenue et durable (.).

Inventory of the archives of Louis Kawan, European official. A former employee of the European Commission, DG External Relations, he deals mainly with the trade and political relations between the EEC and third countries, which vary over the years: EFTA countries, Eastern Europe, China, Japan and Korea. As such, in the 1960s he was one of the Commission's experts for relations with Eastern Europe and participated, for example, in the GATT Trade Negotiation Committee. He will negotiate the entry of Poland, Hungary and Romania while taking part in the first debates that will ultimately lead to the accession of China and Bulgaria. ; Inventaire des archives de Louis Kawan, fonctionnaire européen. Ancien employé de la Commission européenne, DG des relations extérieures, il s'occupe principalement des relations commerciales et politiques entre la CEE et des pays tiers, qui varient au fil des années : pays membres de l'AELE, Europe de l'est, Chine, Japon et Corée. À ce titre, il est dans les années 1960 un des experts de la Commission pour les relations avec l'Europe de l'est et participe par exemple au Trade negotiation Committee du GATT. Il y négociera l'entrée de la Pologne, la Hongrie et la Roumanie tout en participant aux premiers débats qui mèneront in fine à l'adhésion de la Chine et la Bulgarie.

Little is generally known about international trade in forest-related products in spite of the fact that a significant portion of world production is exported. Two irreversible trends underlie international trade in forest-related products. one is globalisation while the other is adding as much value as possible locally by processing the materials to the greatest extent possible in the country of origin. Some of the more surprising recent developments are the growth in trade in wood as a source of energy and the dependency of Europe on its massive imports in this area. International trade in forest-related products is a continually changing sector that follows developments in the technical, economic, social and political spheres. Its growth has been spectacular and will remain strong in coming years. The greatest potential for development will come from environmental management, improved logistics and innovation. ; Le commerce international des produits forestiers est souvent mal connu dans son ensemble, bien qu'une proportion importante de la production mondiale soit exportée. Deux tendances irréversibles sous-tendent les échanges internationaux de produits forestiers. La première est celle de la globalisation, la deuxième est d'ajouter le plus de valeur possible localement en transformant autant que possible dans le pays d'origine. Parmi les évolutions récentes, le développement du commerce de bois énergie est surprenant, tout comme la dépendance de l'Europe vis-à-vis de ses importations massives dans ce domaine. Le commerce international des produits forestiers est un secteur en constante mutation. Il évolue avec les réalités techniques, économiques, sociales et politiques. Sa croissance a été spectaculaire et restera forte dans les années à venir. Ses principaux axes de développement seront la gestion environnementale, l'amélioration de la logistique et l'innovation.

At the confluence of rawlsian political liberalism and neoaristotelician anthropology, Martha Nussbaum's captivity approach provides a theoretical framework for responding to multicultural tensions. This article is a detailed analysis of Nussbaum's response to these challenges, which purports to unite axiological pluralism and strong moral universalism. We will argue that the philosopher's approach brings tension between rawlsian political liberalism and the conceptual framework provided by the list of capabilities. This list poses a challenge due to the democratic deficit of its foundations, as it does not sufficiently incorporate standards of inclusion and representation. As a last step, we will try to address these problems by incorporating deliberative requirements into the Nussbaum approach. ; Se situant au confluent du libéralisme politique rawlsien et de l'anthropologie néoaristotélicienne, l'approche des capabilités de Martha Nussbaum offre un cadre théorique permettant de répondre aux tensions multiculturelles. Cet article constitue une analyse détaillée de la réponse de Nussbaum à ces enjeux, qui prétend unir un pluralisme axiologique à un universalisme moral fort. Nous avancerons que la démarche entreprise par la philosophe porte une tension entre le libéralisme politique rawlsien et le cadre conceptuel apporté par la liste des capabilités. Cette liste pose une difficulté par le déficit démocratique de ses fondements, n'intégrant pas suffisamment des normes d'inclusion et de représentation. Dans un dernier temps, nous tenterons de pallier ces problèmes en intégrant à l'approche de Nussbaum des exigences délibératives.

Accounting discipline as science has not been overlooked by the changes brought about by the economic, political and social crises. This work, which is part of a research project, recognises the emergence of a new paradigm of economic thinking that includes the environment. The objectives of the work are as follows: Link the emergence of new management tools to the evolution of economic paradigms. Consider using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a tool for incorporating the social and environmental dimension into business management. — Link the theoretical framework to the indicators relevant to the decision-making process when it comes to water resources. It is clear that since the last 20 years of the twentieth century climate change and sustainable development have been on the agenda of most countries and international bodies. The paradigm in which the projects to be carried out were those that recouped investment in the shortest time and with the highest profit margin is currently unviable as it does not include the social variable and the environment. The major challenge for businesses and their management systems is that the criterion of sustainability in their production cycle is incorporated as an input for decision-making. The definition of a conceptual framework and the identification of a system of environmental indicators allow for a management style that will favour planning and decision-making, as well as optimising the use of natural resources and encouraging sustainable development. As part of the research project, we will use a 'Balaced Scorecard' (BSC) to model the incorporation of water management and its link with the economic, environmental and social management of the company. We will include indicators that make it possible to measure, for example, the total abstraction of water by source, the percentage of recycled water, etc. It is important to note that, to date, an agreement has been made that allows researchers to collect and monitor water management practices to implement the SBSC in a ...