Suchergebnisse

the migration phenomenon causing the crisis is only part of it. The European migration crisis is at least a threefold crisis. In addition to the migration crisis itself, there are two others. The second crisis is due to the situation of the European societies and states concerned, in relation to migration. Third — the European Union has its part in the crisis and is affected by it. These three crises interact, they form a complex. ; The migratory phenomenon generating the crisis is only one part of it. The European migration crisis forms, at a minimum, a triple crisis. Besides the migration crisis proper, there are two others. The second crisis is due to the situation of the European societies and states concerned with regard to migration. Finally - third crisis - the European Union has its share in the crisis and it is suffering the effects. These three crises interact, they form a complex. ; the migration phenomenon causing the crisis is only part of it. The European migration crisis is at least a threefold crisis. In addition to the migration crisis itself, there are two others. The second crisis is due to the situation of the European societies and states concerned, in relation to migration. Third — the European Union has its part in the crisis and is affected by it. These three crises interact, they form a complex. ; Le phénomène migratoire générateur de la crise n'en constitue qu'une partie. La crise européenne des migrations forme, au minimum, une triple crise. A côté de la crise migratoire proprement dite, il y en a deux autres. La seconde crise tient à la situation des sociétés et des Etats européens concernés, par rapport aux migrations. Enfin - troisième crise- l'Union européenne a sa part dans la crise et elle en subit les effets. Ces trois crises interagissent, elles forment un complexe.

002200 96 1 ; S ; [EN] The propagation of nonlinear waves in a lattice of repelling particles is studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple experimental setup is proposed, consisting of an array of coupled magnetic dipoles. By driving harmonically the lattice at one boundary, we excite propagating waves and demonstrate different regimes of mode conversion into higher harmonics, strongly influenced by dispersion and discreteness. The phenomenon of acoustic dilatation of the chain is also predicted and discussed. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions of $\alpha$-FPU equation, describing a chain of masses connected by nonlinear quadratic springs and numerical simulations. The results can be extrapolated to other systems described by this equation. The work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO) and European Union FEDER through Project No. FIS2015- 65998-C2-2 and by Project No. AICO/2016/060 by Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana. L.J.S.-C. gratefully acknowledge the support of PAID-01-14 at Universitat Politscnica de Valsncia. A. M. gratefully acknowledge to Generalitat Valenciana (Santiago Grisolia program). Mehrem, A.; Jimenez, N.; Salmerón-Contreras, LJ.; García-Andrés, FX.; García-Raffi, LM.; Picó Vila, R.; Sánchez Morcillo, VJ. (2017). Nonlinear dispersive waves in repulsive lattices. Physical Review E. 96(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.012208

International audience This paper is a contribution to the analysis of the phenomenon of the « disappearance » of the tropical forests. This global problem is approached from the point of view of Brazilian Amazonia,an area of about hait a billion hectares,reducing the extent of the problem to more manageable proportions, with the emphasis on the dearth of currently marketable species in this forest, and the poorness and instability of its soils. It is concluded that as almost everywhere else,the problem is not so much technical as agricultural, social or political. ; Ce document est une contribution à l'analyse du phénomène de la « disparition » des forêts tropicales. Il aborde ce problème mondial dans le cas particulier de l'Amazonie brésilienne,soit sur près d'un demi-milliard d'hectares. Il ramène l'ampleur du phénomène à de plus justes proportions. Il met l'accent sur la pauvreté de cette forêt en espèces actuellement commercialisables, la pauvreté et la fragilité de ses sols. Il conclut que, comme presque partout ailleurs, le problème est moins de nature technique qu'agricole, sociale ou politique.

The planet is affected by a twofold phenomenon: its resources are shrinking while the amount of waste generated is increasing. This research is part of the field of consumer behaviour. The aim is to investigate the influence of consumer communications from various societal actors (mainly public authorities and businesses) on the "dematerialising" behaviour of consumers. "Dematerialising" behaviour is used to save the resources consumed and/or reduce waste generation. ; La planète est touchée par un double phénomène : ses ressources s'amenuisent tandis que la quantité de déchets générés augmente. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le domaine du comportement du consommateur. Il s'agit d'investiguer les influences des communications, en matière de consommation, émises par divers acteurs sociétaux (principalement les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises) sur les comportements " dématérialisants " des consommateurs. On parle de comportements " dématérialisants " quand ils permettent une économie des ressources consommées et/ou une diminution de la production de déchets.

The aim of this article is to deepen knowledge of the social and political participation of North African youth. This phenomenon has gained renewed social and political interest following the discontent mobilisation of young people in the Maghreb at the beginning of 2011. To analyse this, we presented the results of a survey of young activists from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia during the World Social Forum (FMS) held in Tunis in March 2013. The sample consists of more than 200 young people aged 18-35 who are members of Maghreb civil society organisations. We focus on the methodological aspects of fieldwork, the socio-demographic profile of young militants, the objectives and causes that guide the work of the organisations in which they participate, and the opinions they express to the Arab Spring. As conclusions, we highlight the contributions of our study in relation to gender dimensions and national variables. Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CSO2011-29438-C05-04) ; Peer Reviewed ; The aim of this article is to deepen knowledge of the social and political participation of North African youth. This phenomenon has gained renewed social and political interest following the discontent mobilisation of young people in the Maghreb at the beginning of 2011. To analyse this, we presented the results of a survey of young activists from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia during the World Social Forum (FMS) held in Tunis in March 2013. The sample consists of more than 200 young people aged 18-35 who are members of Maghreb civil society organisations. We focus on the methodological aspects of fieldwork, the socio-demographic profile of young militants, the objectives and causes that guide the work of the organisations in which they participate, and the opinions they express to the Arab Spring. As conclusions, we highlight the contributions of our study in relation to gender dimensions and national variables. Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CSO2011-29438-C05-04) ; El objetivo de este artículo es p profundizar en ...

The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."

Social violence in Venezuela and Latin America is a chronic phenomenon, but has exacerbated in the current times. During the 19th century, military and civilian cashions were violent, but today, in times of peace, it has acquired an essentially social morphology. It is the product, in part, of civil-military oriented policies that led to a negative situation and expectations of social fulfilment. Populist, developmental, neo-developmental and neoliberal policies which aggravated crisis situations and eventually broke with social consensus, creating conditions for social violence; above all of a criminal nature. ; Social violence in Venezuela and Latin America: crisis of a model of social realization. Social violence in Venezuela and Latin America, is chronic, but in modern times has been exacerbated.Throughout the nineteenth century there was violence of military and civilian leaders but today, in times of peace, it has acquired a nessentially social morphology. It is product, partially, of policies implemented by all states of military nature. Populist policies, developmentalist, socialist, Neo-liberal and neo-developmentalist which have aggravated the crisis and they have finally broken the social consensus, the welfare state and social achievement expectation creating situations conducive to social violence; especially criminal nature. ; Social violence in Venezuela and Latin America is a chronic phenomenon, but has exacerbated in the current times. During the 19th century, military and civilian cashions were violent, but today, in times of peace, it has acquired an essentially social morphology. It is the product, in part, of civil-military oriented policies that led to a negative situation and expectations of social fulfilment. Populist, developmental, neo-developmental and neoliberal policies which aggravated crisis situations and eventually broke with social consensus, creating conditions for social violence; above all of a criminal nature. ; La violencia social en Venezuela y América Latina, es un ...

Summary The post-post-memory passes through generations: what remains of the distant trauma? How are memory and long-term forgotten articulated? Based on the massacres of Saint-Barthélemy in 1572, this article calls into question the discursive variations in memory, between remembrance and commemoration, through the examination of three discursive strategies: a historian (Benedict Anderson), a religious (François Clavairoly) and a political character (Anne Hidalgo). Basing the analysis on the theoretical assumptions of semi-otic, we propose a more general reflection on forgetting, which, between temporary wear and political prescriptions, expands its empire. The memory is then presented as resistance and confrontation. The semi-otic approach makes it possible to outline a modelling of this modulation of subjects involved in the post-memory. ; Resumen La pos-posmemoria atraviesa las generaciones: ¿qué es lo que permanece de aquellos lejanos traumas? ¿Cómo se articulan la memoria y el olvido a largo plazo? Basándose en las masacres de San Bartolomé, en 1572, este artículo cuestiona las variaciones discursivas de la memoria, entre la rememoración y la conmemoración, a través del examen de tres estrategias discursivas: la de un historiador (Benedict Anderson), la de un religioso (François Clavairoly) y la de un personaje político (Anne Hidalgo). Fundamentando el análisis en los supuestos teóricos de la semiótica, se propone una reflexión más general sobre el olvido, fenómeno que, entre el desgaste temporal y la prescripción política, expande su imperio. La memoria se presenta entonces como resistencia y confrontación. El enfoque semiótico permite esbozar una modelización de esta modulación de sujetos implicados en la pos-posmemoria.

The problem of violence has been winning the gates of daily newspapers in El Salvador for decades. Since the Civil War and subsequent peace-building, the role of the Maras in deepening (in) public security should be highlighted. What appeared at the beginning of this century as a complex social phenomenon, gained new edges into a very difficult criminal scourge to explain, understand and eradicate. The state and all its imperfections report not only the inability to halt the growth of the Maras, but also how it is possible to create the conditions for its expansion even if it is undesired. The truce agreed after 2012, which seemed to provide a breathing space for civil society, eventually turned into a boomerang, and we now talk about the most violent country of the hemisphere, the second most violent country in the world (after Syria), which is undoubtedly going through a serious security but also institutional crisis. In this respect, successive governments seem to deepen the crisis successively. From the end of the truce (which meant recognition that the State cannot deal with the Maras problem) to date, the situation has continued to worsen. Department of International Security and Defence. Institute for International Relations ; La problemática de la violencia lleva décadas ganando las portadas de los diarios en El Salvador. Desde la Guerra Civil y la posterior pacificación, el rol que han adquirido las Maras en la profundización de la (in)seguridad pública debe ser resaltado. Lo que a principios de este siglo aparecía como un fenómeno social complejo, fue adquiriendo nuevas aristas hasta convertirse en un flagelo criminal sumamente difícil de explicar, entender y erradicar. El Estado y todas sus imperfecciones, dan cuenta no sólo de la incapacidad de detener el crecimiento de las Maras sino también de cómo es posible generar las condiciones para su expansión aun sin quererlo. La tregua pactada allá por el año 2012 que pareció darle un respiro a la sociedad civil, terminó convirtiéndose en un boomerang y ...

International audience The "tribal territory of the Kurds" and the Iraqi area (X e-XIII e c.) Since the very early stages of Arabic historiography in the ninth century, mention has been made of the Kurds by several authors. These Iranian populations, described as being fierce and rough, lived in the mountainous regions of the Middle East from Fârs to the Taurus. This area crossed by the Kurdish tribes is an always shifting ideal, tribal and political space. During the twelth century, Arabic medieval litterary sources seem to describe a reduction of what we call the "tribal territory of the Kurds". This zone seems to slide westward and to overlap with the "Iraqi space". This phenomena follows a political reshuffling born out of Turkmen infiltrations and the counter-crusades led by the Zankid rulers. ; Dès les prémices de l'historiographie arabe, vers le ix e siècle, les géographes arabes évoquent les Kurdes. Ces populations iraniennes qualifiées de frustes et farouches par les auteurs médiévaux, résident dans les régions montagneuses du Moyen Orient du Fârs au Taurus. Cet espace parcouru par les tribus est un espace idéel, tribal et politique, sans cesse recomposé. Les sources historiographiques semblent montrer au xii e siècle une réduction de ce que nous appelons « le territoire tribal des Kurdes ». Celui-ci semble opérer un glissement vers l'ouest et s'orienter vers l'espace iraqien. Ce phénomène est consécutif à une recomposition politique globale dans la dynamique des infiltrations turcomanes et de la contre-croisade engagée par les souverains zankides. * Université Paris X, Nanterre /IFPO, Damas.

Le brouillage des territoires et des références spatiales qui résulte des mobilités pose problème au politique et à tout acteur local dans la mesure où ceux-ci fonctionnent sur la délimitation territoriale de leurs compétences. Pourtant, le brouillage des territoires n'exclut nullement des modes de coordination plus ou moins invisibles. L'espace invisible prend un poids croissant. L'espace public se réduit de moins en moins à un espace physique supposant des rues et des places. L'espace médiatique avec les débats qu'il promeut joue un rôle de plus en plus important. Nous définirons l'intelligence territoriale comme « un processus informationnel et anthropologique, régulier et continu, initié par des acteurs locaux physiquement présents et/ou distants qui s'approprient les ressources d'un espace en mobilisant puis en transformant l'énergie du système territorial en capacité de projet. De ce fait, l'intelligence territoriale peut être assimilée à la territorialité qui résulte du phénomène d'appropriation des ressources d'un territoire puis aux transferts des compétences entre des catégories d'acteurs locaux de culture différente. L'objectif de cette démarche, est de veiller, au sens propre comme au sens figuré, à doter l'échelon territorial à développer de ce que nous avons nommé le capital formel territorial »

The Internet is a global phenomenon that has been built into the new paradigm of information and communications. As such, the Internet affects the dissemination of information in all scientific fields, and the economy does not escape this. In this regard, this work aims at transforming itself into a useful tool for the use of new information technologies in the field of the economy, with a specific focus on public finances. Reduced version of the original article. Department of Economics ; La Internet es un fenómeno global que se ha constituido en el nuevo paradigma de la información y las comunicaciones. Como tal, la Internet afecta la divulgación de la información en todos los ámbitos científicos, no escapando a este hecho la economía. En este sentido, el presente trabajo pretende transformarse en una herramienta útil para el empleo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información en el ámbito de la economía, centrándose específicamente en el campo de las finanzas públicas. Versión reducida del artículo original. Departamento de Economía

L'an dernier, une intervenante psychologue dans l'humanitaire a commencé un cours de Master 2 en demandant aux étudiants lesquels parmi eux avaient au moins un parent, grand-parent ou arrière-grand-parent de nationalité étrangère. Plus des deux tiers levèrent la main, elle s'y attendait et s'appuya sur cette observation pour souligner que le phénomène des migrations est fort ancien, qu'il a répondu à diverses logiques (protection face à la guerre, à la dictature, à la persécution, recherche de t …

RESUMEN This test analyses the importance of the study and interpretation of contemporary imperialism in the United States, understood as a multidimensional phenomenon and as a system of domination in which hegemony and, as part of it, ideological processes occupy a prominent place and perform essential functions for its preservation, reproduction and consolidation. Attention is drawn to the validity of such a study from the perspective of critical thinking and of a Marxist and Lleninist theoretical approach in today's social sciences that address US reality. ; RESUMEN Este ensayo analiza la importancia del estudio e interpretación del imperialismo contemporáneo en Estados Unidos, entendido como un fenómeno multidimensional y como un sistema de dominación en el que la hegemonía y, como parte de ella, los procesos ideológicos ocupan un lugar destacado y cumplen funciones imprescindibles para su preservación, reproducción y consolidación. Se llama la atención sobre la vigencia de tal estudio desde la perspectiva del pensamiento crítico y de un enfoque teórico marxista y leninista en las ciencias sociales actuales que abordan la realidad norteamericana.

Considering that the assumption that pensioners return to the city is regularly mentioned in the political speech, this article seeks to question the content of this hypothesis by returning to the definition of 'return' and then to test it on the basis of the example of the Brussels-Capital Region. This shows a dual level of definition, both macro and micro, implying a different reading of the phenomenon. At macro level, while there is an increase in the number of 50-69 year-olds in the city, the net migration for this age group remains negative, reflecting a certain difficulty for the urban world to keep its elderly residents. At the micro level, people who have experienced part of their childhood are returning to the city, just as in rural municipalities. ; Partant du constat que l'hypothèse d'un retour des retraités en ville est régulièrement évoquée dans le discours politique, cet article se propose d'interroger le contenu de cette hypothèse en revenant sur la définition du «retour» et, ensuite, de la tester à partir de l'exemple de la Région de Bruxelles-capitale. Il en ressort un double niveau de définition à la fois macro et micro impliquant une lecture différente du phénomène. Au niveau macro, si on observe une augmentation de l'immigration des 50-69 ans en ville, le solde migratoire pour ce groupe d'âge demeure négatif, traduisant une certaine difficulté du monde urbain à conserver ses résidants âgés. Au niveau micro, on observe un retour en ville de personnes qui y ont vécu une partie de leur enfance, de la même manière qu'on observe ce phénomène pour des communes rurales.