The 2019 Nobel Prize for Economics awarded to the pioneers of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) is a welcome acknowledgement of the fundamental challenge of poverty, but it should also be an opportunity to engage with the plurality of voices in development. A wealth of critiques of RCTs have highlighted how they neglect the structural conditions of poverty and are exposed to ethical and methodological flaws. Building on these critiques and primary research in Mozambique and Ghana, I engage with the debate on 'small versus big questions' – the RCT approach breaks big development questions into small ones in ways that jeopardise, according to critics, our understanding of development processes. I argue that small questions are also important, but, unlike what RCTs offer, they require big answers. Using the case of food, I show that we need approaches that can bridge micro-macro divides and highlight the structural underpinnings of daily practices.
The article demonstrates how Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. The headings' evolution as well as Library of Congress rules governing their creation is charted in detail. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries (BnF, DNB) and independent value vocabularies (TGN, GeoNames), and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. I sketch the historical context of their formation and offer suggestions as to how libraries can "decolonize" their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's "access and equity."
The article questions the growing dominance of the richest individuals nowadays. For about 30 years, a wealthier category of people than states has emerged: this is a new problem for governance and democracy. ; International audience ; The article questions the growing dominance of the richest individuals nowadays. For about 30 years, a wealthier category of people than states has emerged: this is a new problem for governance and democracy. ; L'article s'interroge sur la domination croissante opérée de nos jours par les individus les plus riches. Depuis une trentaine d'année est apparue une catégorie de personnes plus riches que des Etats : cette apparition est un problème nouveau pour la gouvernance et la démocratie.
This article proposes a theoretical approach to the impact of health policies (quota, co-payment, quality control); the envisaged path is a micro-macroeconomic analysis. The behaviour of the medical offer is based on a choice of allocation of working time between two activities: one useful and the other unnecessary. This microeconomic basis for medical arbitrage is then integrated into a growth model with capital accumulation; the conclusions then relate to developments in health expenditure, well-being and wealth accumulation in relation to different health policy plans. ; Cet article propose une approche théorique de l'incidence des politiques de santé (contingentement, ticket modérateur, contrôle qualitatif) ; la voie envisagée est une analyse micro-macroéconomique. Le comportement de l'offre médicale est construit sur un choix d'allocation du temps de travail entre deux activités : l'une utile et l'autre inutile. Ce fondement microéconomique des arbitrages médicaux est ensuite intégré dans un modèle de croissance avec accumulation de capital ; les conclusions concernent alors les évolutions des dépenses de santé, du bien-être et de l'accumulation de patrimoine au regard de différents plans de politique de santé.
RESUMEN Partiendo de los análisis (pos)operaistas, proponemos explicar la transición de los dispositivos disciplinarios a los dispositivos de la sociedad de control, como el intento de capturar el exceso de subjetividad y la multiplicación de formas de vida que constituyen el modo inmanente de la producción de riqueza en la economía posfordista. El capitalismo posfordista no es tanto una estructura de explotación que se pueda comprender, exclusivamente, con relación al concepto de plusvalía, sino un dispositivo de captura y apropiación de esa producción.
26 35 10 2 ; S ; [EN] Nowadays, production chains may cross the borders of several continents in search of greater profitability. In order to more accurately calculate countries¿ foreign demand, value-added exports should be used rather than gross exports. This study takes the value-added exports calculated for European Union countries and uses extended gravity models to analyze the determinants of this trade, differentiating between countries according to the main destinations for their value-added, USA, Russia and China. The results reveal certain changes according to the economic period analyzed and the destination of the goods, with respect to key variables such as the wealth of the exporting country, the level of logistics performance and distance. In 2014, China registered an improvement in its position compared to Russia. Martí Selva, ML.; Puertas Medina, RM. (2020). Emerging Countries as the Main Destinations for European Value-Added Exports. Emerging Markets Journal. 10(2):26-35. https://doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2020.205
International audience In this article the effect on consumption is estimated of a fall in housing wealth and housing prices, resulting from an increase in interest rates. With the help of a dynamic multiequation, macroeconomic model, the consumer response function is broken down into two parts: a direct response, related to a rise in the cost of credit and another indirect one related to the deterioration of the property market. Estimating the theoretical model is done by means of a vectorial error-correction model.
HIGHLIGHTS a conservative offensive around the world. The changes in the correlation of political forces in Latin America after what was known as a progressive cycle since the beginning of the 21st century, the results of elections and political processes in Europe, the United States, among other events, are a sign of this. They are an expression of the link between the processes of concentration of wealth, capital and political power that are taking place internationally. In order to analyse the fundamentals of this phenomenon since the impact of the neoliberal project, this work addresses two processes that are considered key to understanding the situation: the corporativisation of knowledge and politics. From its analysis, the aim is to deepen the particularities and impacts of the inclusion of civil society in power disputes in the context of what is defined as global capitalism. ; RESUMEN Una ofensiva conservadora recorre el mundo. Los cambios en la correlación de fuerzas políticas en América Latina tras lo que se conoció como ciclo progresista desde inicios del siglo xxi, los resultados de elecciones y procesos políticos en Europa, Estados Unidos, entre otros hechos, constituyen una muestra de ello. Son expresión del vínculo entre los procesos de concentración de la riqueza, el capital y el poder político que están ocurriendo a escala internacional. Con el objetivo de analizar los fundamentos de este fenómeno desde la incidencia del proyecto neoliberal, en el presente trabajo se abordan dos procesos que se consideran clave para entender la situación: la corporativización del conocimiento y de la política. Desde su análisis, se pretende profundizar en las particularidades e impactos de la inserción de la sociedad civil en las disputas por el poder en el contexto de lo definido como capitalismo global.
High-place of Jassian tourism and a basic landscape component, Lake Saint-Point spreads its dormant waters in the upper Doubs valley. The third French natural lake (420 hectares) has an exceptional biological wealth, whose fishing potential, which is still under-exploited, could help to promote original fishing and develop the local economy. ; Haut lieu du tourisme jurassien et composante paysagère fondamentale, le lac Saint-Point étale ses eaux dormantes dans la haute vallée du Doubs. Troisième lac naturel français par son étendue (420 hectares), il possède une richesse biologique exceptionnelle dont le potentiel halieutique, encore sous-exploité, pourrait permettre la promotion d'une pêche originale et le développement de l'économie locale.
The article assumes that neoliberalism, which has developed in Western Europe since the mid-1970s, is less a penalty for social housing than it requires a change in its function. In support of that argument, I am following Michel Foucault, defining neoliberalism, not as a withdrawal of public action from the market, as a more 'hard' liberalism, but as a new way of composing economic and political affairs. Neoliberalism requires the use of public authorities, not to facilitate the proper functioning of the market or to compensate for market failures, but to build a framework conducive to competition. Public action is therefore no longer intended to redistribute wealth and create a similar society, but to retain individuals as territories in the register of 'equal inequality', which makes competition precisely because there is no exclusion. Social housing is an integral part of these policies to combat exclusion: it is increasingly aimed at rewarding involvement in the world of work, as in the time of the Trento Glorieux, but is increasingly becoming a tool to combat exclusion. This change seems to us to explain the changes in social housing policies in the European countries which had seen a significant increase in their housing stock from the 1950s to the 1970s, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden. ; International audience ; The article assumes that neoliberalism, which has developed in Western Europe since the mid-1970s, is less a penalty for social housing than it requires a change in its function. In support of that argument, I am following Michel Foucault, defining neoliberalism, not as a withdrawal of public action from the market, as a more 'hard' liberalism, but as a new way of composing economic and political affairs. Neoliberalism requires the use of public authorities, not to facilitate the proper functioning of the market or to compensate for market failures, but to build a framework conducive to competition. Public action is therefore no longer intended ...
In a two-region model, we formalize Kindleberger's idea that wealth breeds first more wealth, and then decline: when one region leads, its inhabitants develop consumption habits incompatible with the necessary investment in knowledge to remain the leader. This gives the other region a window of opportunity to gain economic primacy. We learn from the theoretical model that differences across regions that have similar characteristics may persist even if physical capital flows from rich to poor regions. By exploiting the economics of the Hopf bifurcation we study patterns of alternating primacy, irreversible decline, and monotonic convergence, according to the initial dispersion of knowledge and the strength of consumption habits. Even though exogenous factors may matter on some occasions, we show that they are not necessary to reverse economic leadership.
Quality assessment in higher education is subject to a wealth of literature in many languages and disciplines. Claiming exhaustiveness would therefore be a challenge. There are a multitude of forms of quality assessment: quality assurance, accreditation, rankings, student learning evaluation, peer review, etc. It has been chosen here to focus on quality assurance, i.e. an assessment by an external body of the procedures by which the institution seeks to achieve its objectives. Quality assurance follows a standard procedure: self-assessment of the institution, external audit by experts (usually composed of peers) and monitoring of the evaluation. Quality assurance takes as its model the Total Quality Management of the industry. It is one of the precepts of the New Public Management, which consists of the application of corporate management methods to the public sector. Faced with the abundant literature in this field and in many languages, it has been chosen to cross the French-speaking and English-speaking literature, focusing particularly, but not exclusively, on Europe and the Bologna Process. As a first step, a history of quality assurance born in the United States and then spread to Europe will be presented in order to understand the conditions under which this management tool has emerged and spread. As a second step, the article rebuilds an informal network of authoritative authors in the quality assessment analysis. These authors often collaborate together and submit their analyses to the education policy service of international organisations (OECD, UNESCO), the European Union or national governments. As such, they have significant resources (in terms of funding, dissemination materials, academic and political allies) that enable them to become involved in literature. The third part of the article presents a series of critical analyses of certain effects of quality assurance on academia: changes in the role of the university, relations between the higher education institution and its environment (mainly ...
Academic time is a time for debate, often lively, and misunderstandings. Autonomy in an increasingly globalised context, reception capacities and various restructuring events have brought lawyers to grasp, and continue to study, the contemporary history of legal faculties. A lot of work has revealed the wealth of a subject that enlightens the principles and practices of university lawyers. A number of stories, INTI, were then gradually emerging. ; L'heure universitaire est aux débats, souvent vifs, et aux incompréhensions. L'autonomie dans un cadre de plus en plus globalisé, les capacités d'accueil et les diverses restructurations ont porté les juristes à se saisir, et à poursuivre, l'étude de l'histoire contemporaine des facultés de droit. De nombreux travaux ont ainsi permis de révéler la richesse d'un sujet éclairant les principes et les pratiques des juristes universitaires. Se dessinent alors progressivement plusieurs histoires, inti …
This article investigates the crucial issue of the redistribution of oil wealth in the Nigerian federation. Following the 2015 elections, it brings fresh perspectives to analyse the conflicting positions of the partisans of equalisation and militants for fiscal regionalism. The former speak of social justice and national unity. According to them, it is normal that the oil-rich Niger Delta in the South finance the development of the poorest regions in the North. On the opposite side, the advocates of 'resource control' argue for a 'genuine' federalism, with a very different approach. For them, the situation requires the implementation of the 'principle of derivation' whereby the states of the federation should control 100% of their resources or, at minimum, receive an income equivalent to their contribution to the federal budget. This political conflict gives sense to a Niger Delta rebellion which is often understood as sheer criminality. Yet the argument for 'resource control' in the Niger Delta is based on premises that are contested in this article.
This article is intended to be an exploration of the topic of self-knowledge among stoicy philosophers Epictet and Marc-Aurèle. In the light of the socratic definition of gnothi seauton (know yourself), we propose to look at the 'philosophy of self-esteem' that Épictet and Marc-Aurèle have developed. More specifically, we would like to explain the famous distinction made by Epictet in his Manual (which will be taken up by Marc-Aurèle in his Things for myself) between what depends on us (judgements, trends, desires, aversions, etc.) and what does not depend on us (body, celebrity, wealth, power). From the stoicy perspective of Epictet and Marc-Aurèle, we will seek to demonstrate that "knowing oneself" means being able to identify what depends on our jurisdiction, and therefore not subject to the Destin. ; Cet article se veut une exploration du thème de la connaissance de soi chez les philosophes stoïciens Épictète et Marc-Aurèle. À la lumière de la définition socratique du gnothi seauton (connais-toi toi-même), nous proposons d'examiner la « philosophie du soi » qu'Épictète et Marc-Aurèle ont su développer. Plus spécifiquement, nous souhaitons expliciter la célèbre distinction qu'effectue Épictète dans son Manuel (et qui sera reprise par Marc-Aurèle dans ses Pensées pour moi-même) entre ce qui dépend de nous (jugements, tendances, désirs, aversions, etc.) et ce qui ne dépend pas de nous (le corps, la célébrité, la richesse, le pouvoir). Dans la perspective stoïcienne qui est celle d'Épictète et de Marc-Aurèle, nous chercherons à démontrer que « se connaître soi-même » signifie être capable d'identifier ce qui dépend de notre juridiction, et qui dès lors n'est pas soumis au Destin.
