Suchergebnisse

Women leadership in politics is still a clash of ideas among the scholars'. Some say there are haram (forbidden) and vice versa can say. If this I analyzed further, take note that the main problem actually arises because the interpretation of religious doctrine carried out at shallow So that finally, was born a misoginis interpretation of religious texts, which in this context is the Hadith texts.

Realism has been the dominant conceptual approach to studying Indonesian foreign policy. This article, however, considers realist analyses to be insucient since their emphasis on the struggle for power and security in the system of states has led to the neglect of the importance of perspectives which focus on order. To ll the gap it then intends to apply the English School perspective which focuses on the concept of international society to trace the nature and function of Indonesian foreign policy. Two cases are examined, including the Asian African Conference and Association of South East Asian Nations, to demonstrate the relevance of international society for policy ideas and action. The central argument is that the Indonesian elite worldview indicates that the creation and maintenance of order in international societies are ones which are prominent objectives legitimizing the conduct of Indonesia's external relations.

This study analyzes the success of the Indonesian Farmers Union (SPI) in the peasant rights struggle during 2001 - 2016. This study uses the social movement integration aprproach which is an attempt to synthesize three dimensions / approaches: the structure of political opportunity; structure of social mobilization; and cultural framing. This study uses qualitative research methods with study case approach. The research data is sourced from interviews and documents and literature related to this study. The analysis indicates that the success of SPI in peasant rights struggles in 2001 - 2018 can be seen from the ratification of 'Declaration Peasant Rights and Other People Working in Rural Area' or UNDROP at the International level. This success can't be separated from the role of each dimension / approach, namely a combination of factors of political openness in Indonesia, the success of the SPI in networking alliances at various levels (local-international), and the construction of ideas on the rights of farmers that can be accepted universal.

After the Soviet break-up and the Marxist regime collapsed, many of alternative notions emerged in the academic community in Russia, including alternative ideas in the field of International Relations (IR). A number of Russian IR scholars attempted to reconstruct the theories of IR, not just the IR theories that developed in Russia during the era of Marxism, but also against Western IR theories. Although the post-Cold War aspirations to create a distinct national school of International Relations in Russia, but these efforts are not free from the ideology and political goal that directing and guiding Russian foreign policy. Even, IR scholars in Russia have come to shared with the Russian government in terms of building the IR theories with the Russian characteristics, especially in challenging Western hegemony in the social sciences and international relations. This article tries to elaborate three intellectual traditions of international relations that developed in Russia, namely Westernism, Statism, and Civilizationism. Westernizer IR heavily influenced by Western liberalism, Statism more inspired by the realism, while Civilizationism is more of a hybrid between the constructivism and Russian essentialism.

Human resources and natural resources are two key components of a life. Both should be in line with the very good. If it can not balance each other then life will not go well. In a state where the two are not in line will result in a state of life. Advance whether or not a country is caused also by the quality of natural resources and human resources. The most influential thing is how the quality of the human resources sector in the country. If a country already has a good natural resources but does not have the human resources, the quality of the country can be governed by foreign nations who have the human resources of high quality. Human resources is an asset of the nation to build the Indonesian economy. In an effort to realize the nation and the people of Indonesia are developed, independent and prosperous, the role of education is very important. Higher education can produce a variety of ideas and concepts to advance the dignity of the people of Indonesia. With the knowledge someone will be able to organize and utilize natural resources well. So that the economy in a country can be increased and the welfare society.Keywords: natural resources, human resources, economics

Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party. ; Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party.

Based on the PISA report that the student competencies in literacy and numeracy low, the government has begun to intensify the improvement of students' abilities in these two aspects. The purpose of this study was to develop mathematical literacy through the use of STEM-based flying rafts, to find out the practical application of using flying rafts in learning. This study uses the R&D method. Learning begins with real problems that exist in the community and explores students' ideas to solve these problems in mathematics. The results of using STEM-based flying rafts are able to develop students' mathematical literacy. This is indicated by the average value of students. The average student learning outcomes in the aspect of formulating are 93.33; in the aspect of using the average value of 91.67; and in the aspect of interpretation the average value is 88.75. Students are also happy and enthusiastic in learning to use STEM-based flying rafts. ; Berdasarkan laporan PISA terkait rendahnya kompetensi literasi dan numerasi anak Indonesia yang rendah, pemerintah mulai menggiatkan peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik pada kedua aspek tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan literasi matematika melalui penggunaan rakit terbang berbasis STEM, mengetahui penerapan praktis penggunaan rakit terbang dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode R & D. Pembelajaran diawali dengan permasalahan nyata yang ada di masyarakat dan menggali ide peserta didik untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut dalam matematika. Hasil penggunaan rakit terbang berbasis STEM mampu mengembangkan literasi matematika siswa. Hal itu ditunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata peserta didik. Rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik pada aspek memformulasikan adalah 93,33; pada aspek menggunakan nilai rata-ratanya 91,67; dan pada aspek interpretasi nilai rata-ratanya adalah 88,75. Peserta didik juga senang serta antusias dalam pembelajaran menggunakan rakit terbang berbasis STEM.

AbstractThe Merit System is a reflection of professional staffing management where the placement of employees and officials uses performance competencies and track records as a means of measuring appointments. But so far the system merit has not been fully implemented even though if this system is implemented, it can produce qualified official figures and have good performance other than that it will not interfere with internal conditions because it has continuity with the old officials. Practices that occur are politicization of the State Civil Apparatus. Merit violations are usually like people being demoted without clear reasons and mutations. New regional heads usually dismantle their employees with people he knows. Everything is still related to retribution and revenge, so that this article is carried out with the aim of knowing how the implementation of the Merit System in ASN career development and the factors that influence the implementation of Merit System can realize the transparency of ASN career coaching using Qualitative analysis methods. So that it is expected to contribute ideas to the government in the study and implementation of a better Merit System. Keywords: Merid System and State Civil Apparatus AbstrakMerit sistem merupakan cerminan manajemen kepegawaian yang profesional dimana penempatan pegawai dan pejabat menggunakan kompetensi kinerja dan track record sebagai alat ukur pengangkatan. Namun sejauh ini merit sistem belum sepenuhnya dilakukan padahal Jika sistem ini diterapkan, dapat menghasilkan figur pejabat yang mumpuni dan memiliki kinerja bagus selain itu tidak akan mengganggu kondisi internal karena memiliki kesinambungan dengan pejabat lama. Praktek-praktek yang terjadi adanya politisasi terhadap Aparatur Sipil Negara. Pelanggaran Merit itu biasanya seperti orang diturunkan jabatannya tanpa alasan yang jelas dan mutasi. Kepala daerah baru biasanya membongkar pegawainya dengan orang-orang yang dia kenal. Semuanya masih berkaitan dengan balas budi dan balas dendam, sehingganya tulisan ...

Internal communication flow that took place at the Retired Women's Fashion Forum TNI - POLRI (FKPPI) was not as bright as the achievements he had achieved. There are still obstacles in the process of information exchange between FKPPI chairmen and FKPPI members, one of them is lack of communication between FKPPI chairman and all members of FKPPI and vice versa among FKPPI members who are still lacking to communicate each other, giving information to each other. Commitment should be a binder in giving more impetus to the success of the organization not appropriately applied by the FKPPI board plus many inactive administrators make barriers in achieving and festive success. All and every member should be able to actively engage and cooperate in various decision-making. Through the same goals and values of organization with the purpose of members will create a commitment to achieve a better goal of the organization. This research uses qualitative approach with data collection technique through observation by doing direct observation. Population studied in this research is All Member of Communication Forum of Putri Putri Purnawirawan TNI - POLRI (FKPPI) In Karimun Regency either inactive or active still amount to 33 people according to organizational structure of management. Researchers take a predetermined sample in accordance with the technique used is Purposive sampling is to choose a sample based on the goal. Total samples taken are 10 informants who are active in the management of FKPPI. The upward pattern of communication within the Karimun District FKPPI is generally open, in which each member is given the freedom to express his opinions in the form of: ideas, suggestions, criticism or whatever else to the boss, as long as what they say can help in progress an organization. Downward communication pattern in FKPPI of Karimun Regency should run between members with its chairman. All that can happen because the communication between members is quite intimate and close to each other. Downward communication pattern in FKPPI of Karimun Regency should run between members with its chairman. All that can happen because the communication between members is quite intimate and close to each other. Good communication will certainly produce a good as well. Good relationships to build and enhance good solidarity relationships with each other. Communication barriers felt by employees in FKPPI Karimun District is sometimes the case in the management of FKPPI is a communication barrier that often happens is the lack of interest members to plan the program.

The main topic of discussion in this journal is the application of the parliamentary threshold policy in the political system in Indonesia. The Parliamentary threshold is a minimum vote acquisition threshold that must be met by political parties participating in the elections to be able to place their legislative candidates in parliament. The juridical empirical research method is used for discussion, which includes the effectiveness and impact of the law. This study also aims to provide input or contribution of ideas to the central government in implementing the parliamentary threshold policy on political parties, so as to produce good governance (good governance) that is stable, effective and efficient. Based on the research results, it can be seen that there is a parliamentary threshold debate in the political system in the country regarding the threshold for national vote acquisition for political parties to be included in the calculation and distribution of DPR seats. In formal juridical terms, the parliamentary threshold debate in the party system in Indonesia is conducted based on the law on political parties and democratic principles. The application of the parliamentary threshold in the national political system is expected to be simplified. Simplifying the number of political parties in Indonesia needs to be done as an effort to improve the quality of political parties so that they can make better contributions to the development of national politics. In addition, party simplification is also carried out in order to facilitate political governance in parliament and to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of democratic and political processes both in parliament and in government. Therefore, simplifying the party is an alternative solution in improving the quality of democracy and government stability, which in the end is for the welfare of the people. ; Pokok pembahasan dalam Jurnal ini mengenai penerapan kebijakan parliamentary threshold dalam sistem politik di Indonesia. Parliamentary threshold merupakan ketentuan batas minimal perolehan suara yang harus dipenuhi Partai politik peserta pemilu untuk bisa menempatkan calon anggota legislatifnya di parlemen. Untuk pembahasannya digunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris, yang meliputi efektifitas dan dampak hukum. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan masukkan atau sumbangan pemikiran kepada pemerintah pusat dalam menerapkan kebijakan parliamentary threshold terhadap partai-partai politik, sehingga dapat menghasilkan pemerintahan yang baik (good governance) yang stabil, efektif dan efisien. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui adanya perdebatan parliamentary threshold dalam sistem politik di tanah air mengenai ambang batas perolehan suara nasional bagi partai politik untuk dapat diikutkan dalam penghitungan dan pembagian kursi DPR. Secara yuridis formal, perdebatan parliamentary threshold dalam sistem kepartaian di Indonesia dilakukan berdasarkan undang undang partai politik dan prinsip demokrasi. Penerapan parliamentary threshold dalam sistem politik ditanah air diharapkan adannya penyederhanaan. Penyederhanaan jumlah partai politik di Indonesia perlu dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya meningkatkan kualitas partai politik sehingga bisa memberikan kontribusi yang lebih baik terhadap perkembangan politik nasional. Disamping itu pula penyederhanaan partai dilakukan dalam rangka mempermudah tata kelola politik di parlemen dan meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi proses demokrasi dan politik baik di parlemen maupun di pemerintahan. Oleh karena itu, penyederhaan partai menjadi solusi alternatif dalam peningkatan kualitas demokrasi dan stabilitas pemerintahan, yang pada akhirnya untuk mensejahterakan rakyat

The research about the women parliament candidacy based on problems, theory, methodology and researchanalysis being utilized by the researcher aims at 1) unveiling affirmative action policy in accordance to the2003 Public Election regulation (UU) and the 2008 political party regulation that are suitable policy along withefforts to enhance women representativeness in parliament within regional autonomy framework; 2) elaboratingpolitical party supports towards quota fulfillment process of 30 percent in line with the 2009 public electionregulation; 3) describing and criticizing mass media roles in the process of the political communication of womencandidates of DKI Jakarta Province in 2009; 4) discovering and exploring quality of the political communicationof women candidates of DKI Jakarta Province 2009; 5) highlighting women efforts and struggles regarding theregulation of political quota and regional autonomy are so-called 'counter hegemony' movement. Paradigmused in the research is critical paradigm with Gramcsian analysis model. Theory and concept of this research areAntonio Gramcsi's thoughts; hegemony-counter hegemony, political network alliance, political communication,radical feminism, mass media in the New Marxist perspective (Gramcsian) and regional autonomy concept.The research uses qualitative approach with case study method and feminist research as well as equipped bymethod of the Gramcsian-Marxist analysis. Results and discussion of the research argue that women have beenundergoing marginalization both culturally and structurally in the political realm resulting in injustice of theirrepresentativeness in parliament. The notion becomes rooted in the social structure and system and has been goingas a cultural system which is patriarchy system. The women altogether have to establish and belong to a solidnetwork alliance to give pressure towards the government; those are in power and the state in order to transformconditions of women representativeness in parliament. They are therefore expected to have bargaining positionthat is balanced or even stronger with the state. The position is needed by women in that they can compete withmen and create broader opportunity by which they achieve it by the release of the 2009 political party regulationand the running of the regional autonomy regulation. In the Gramcsi's concept, the equality of bargaining positionbetween women movement, represented as civil society and the state represented as political community highlylikely produce conceptual/intellectual and practical clashes to establish new hegemony whose consequence isto prosper woman community and broader civil society as well as political community. In this phase, Gramcsinames it as 'counter hegemony' movement in which women can present themselves and bear new hegemony afterwinning the conceptual war against the old hegemony. The women's struggles to run candidacy of The 2009 DKIregional election took a form of 'counter hegemony'. The effort was undertaken so that the women can owe highbargaining position in politics that is influenced by the other power namely mass media. The need to supports ofmedia industry is inevitable. Media industry, as institution having capital ideology, might highly possible be usedby women movement/ the civil. In addition, women can take benefits from media to assist struggles of 'counterhegemony'. As a consequence, the women's struggles of counter hegemony are complicated to do due to partialand incomprehensive efforts. The women political candidates of DKI Jakarta possess resistant movement spirit orfighting movement to transform cultural values of patriarchy especially in politics. In this notion, it is evident thatemancipation ideology is not effective to strengthen the movement unless it is as communal vision and missionfrom elements of struggles that can produce women great energy to achieve their goals. The energy is no other than'collective will' considered as fighting ideology which is necessary therein fighting ideas of women have constantand significant energy.Keywords : regional autonomy, political communication, Gramcsian Analysis, women parliament candidacydkijakarta 2009)