Suchergebnisse

since 2007 ASEAN has moved towards an ASEAN Economic community(AEC) as an economi integration of member states based on four economic pillars. One of AEC economic pillar the single market and Production base, means,the region as a whole must become a single market and production base to produce and commercialize good and services anywhere in ASEAN. The establishment of AEC is offering opprtunities in the from of a huge market of US$ 2.6 Trillion and over 622 million people. Of this number, around 40 per cent or 245 million people live in Indonesia. Numerous officials and othes have their doubts and worried that Indonesia will mainly be the market for the AEC and Indonesia's progress in developing its human capital will be negatively impected compettition from other ASEAN nations. The crucial futher step of the AEC is to implement the free movement of skilled labors as one of five core principles of single market and production base pillar, as it will boost economic integration in the region levels. In practice however, progress towords freer mobility has been slow and uneven. In practice however, progress towards freer mobility has been slow and uneven, due to rigid national immigration policies, inequalities in professional education and licensing regimes, public ambivalence toward the AEC, and the vast income gap that many countries fear will contribute to brain drain. This article examines impediment of free movement of skilled labors as a result of weak political and public support to drive the process forward as well as the myriad policy and procedural obstacles of free movement of skilled labor of selected categories of professions associated mainly with trade in service and invesment, this article also reviews the AMSs' policies in these areas

Émigré writers such as Kahlil Gibran and Mikhail Naimy proved that it is possible to transcend their historical limitations to become leading literary figures. An examination of the historical context of these writers is important for a rich understanding of their works. The themes addressed in such literary works are better appreciated within their cultural environment, and not as objects detached from their times, author and readers[1]. It can be rightfully argued that such works cannot be fully appreciated without delving into the intricacies of the political ideologies and economic crises of previous centuries. This article does not aim to perform such an undertaking, regardless of its literary merit; however, it presents an overview of the historical context surrounding the Émigré literary movement as a product of two cultures bridged by immigration at the turn of the 20th century. This is based on the belief that a profound critical engagement with Émigré works is better achieved with an examination of their historical and literary background. Thus, this article serves as a foundation for profound literary analyses of Émigré works. [1] Payne, 2005 : 3-4, on the importance of a historical context. ; Penulis dari kalangan imigran seperti Kahlil Gibran dan Mikhail Naimy telah membuktikan bahwa mereka mampu melewati batas-batas historis hingga menjadi penulis yang ternama. Eksaminasi terhadap konteks historis pada kedua penulis tersebut sangat penting untuk memperkaya pengetahuan atas karya-karya mereka. Karya-karya tersebut, dalam hal ini adalah karya sastra, akan lebih menarik apabila dilihat dari lingkungan budaya mereka dan bukan sebagai objek yang terpisah dari masa nya, penulis, dan pembaca[1]. Dapat dikatakan bahwa karya-karya seperti itu tidak dapat sepenuhnya dihargai tanpa menggali seluk-beluk ideologi politik dan krisis ekonomi yang terjadi abad-abad sebelumnya. Akan tetapi, artikel ini bukan mengulas ideologi politik dan ekonomi, namun, mengkaji ikhtisar dari konteks historis yang melingkupi gerakan sastra kaum imigran sebagai hasil dari produk dua kebudayaan yang dijembatani oleh imigrasi pada abad transisi yakni abad ke-20. Hal Ini didasarkan pada keyakinan bahwa keterlibatan kritis yang mendalam dengan karya kaum imigran akan lebih baik bila mengkaji latar belakang sejarah dan sastra mereka. Dengan demikian, artikel ini mencoba menjadi dasar dalam analisis sastra yang mendalam dari karya kaum imigran. [1] Payne, 2005 : 3-4, on the importance of a historical context.