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An outline of immunization techniques covering general precautions, preparation of material, injection, and care of equipment. This collection pertains to Public Health Nursing among Native American people, with emphasis on the Navajo Tribe. This collection consists of correspondence, a manuscript, a questionnaire and responses, personal reminiscences, articles, essays, government documents and pamphlets, as well as photographs (see Photographic Collection), which depict Reservation life through the eyes of Public Health nurses, Native Americans, and government officials, and includes a wealth of statistical material and government data. Spanning roughly sixty-five years, this collection offers insights into many facets of Public Health Nursing on Native American Reservations. One will find many personal reminiscences, interesting essays and stories, newspaper articles, and innumerable US Government documents, statistics, and memoranda pertaining to Reservation life.

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"This review is the second in a series of studies produced under a cooperative agreement funded by the National Immunizations Program (NIP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which describes the different health insurance coverage options available to individuals and families in the United States for acquiring medically appropriate immunizations. This report is a descriptive, nation-wide, point-in-time analysis detailing the provision of immunization services to adult beneficiaries of Medicaid. Children are excluded from this study because all Medicaid-enrolled children under age 21 are legally entitled to all ACIP recommended vaccines as a matter of federal law. In the case of adults however, states have broad discretion over coverage choices. The purpose of this project is to facilitate planning for future national immunization policy by providing the NIP with up-to-date information regarding the accessibility of immunizations throughout the life span, and to identify possible gaps in coverage among the various health care delivery systems." - p. 2 ; Sara Rosenbaum . [et al.]. ; Cover title. ; "November 2003." ; Also available via the World Wide Web. ; System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 22).

Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are responsible for a significant portion of mortality across the life course in both low-income countries and in medium- and high-income countries. Yet, countries are consistently below the adult influenza vaccination targets, with rates in recent times even falling in some areas. (1) The study Towards Ending Immunization Inequity seeks to understand the various factors that contribute to the accessibility and effectiveness of vaccine-related messages and campaigns including the effects of social determinants, with the knowledge that these opportunities for communication represent a unique policy lever to improving uptake rates of vaccination in the most at-risk communities. (2) To address this knowledge gap, a 3-phase mixed-methods study was conducted including a preliminary scan of existing vaccine schedules and NITAG recommendations, focus groups and a cross-sectional survey. (3) Study results indicated that social determinants play a key role in an individual&rsquo ; s knowledge of vaccine-related information including types of vaccines available, vaccination gateways, vaccine recommendations and vaccine safety. (4) However, knowing that social determinants can influence uptake rates does not readily create opportunities and entry points for governments to implement tangible actions. An accessible entry point to reducing and ending immunization inequity is through changes in public health messaging to reach those who are currently unreachable.

The global burden of pneumococcal diseases is high, with young children and adults ≥50 years of age at highest risk of infection. Two types of vaccine are available for the prevention of pneumococcal diseases caused by specific Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes: the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13). Despite pneumococcal immunization programs in adults and children, the burden in adults has remained high. Most European countries have national or local/regional vaccination recommendations. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the government recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination outside routine childhood vaccination programs for 16 Western European countries as of August 2014. We found that recommendations for pneumococcal immunization across Europe are complex and vary greatly among countries in terms of age groups and risk groups recommended for vaccination, as well as which vaccine should be administered. Clarifying or simplifying these recommendations and improving their dissemination could help to increase pneumococcal vaccine uptake and decrease the high burden of pneumococcal diseases in adults, both through a direct effect of the vaccine and via a herd effect in unvaccinated individuals.

Nigeria has the highest population of unimmunized children in the world and is one of few countries with less than half the population covered with essential health services. Low coverage of services poses a threat to the health and well-being of Nigerian children, but this threat becomes even more pronounced against a backdrop of the 'health financing transition', including the transition from support from the Gavi Alliance, the main source of financing for the country's immunization program. The Nigeria Immunization Financing Assessment shows how the factors at multiple levels of government and the health system interact to affect four dimensions of health and immunization financing: adequacy; sustainability; efficiency; and predictability. The findings informed the design of the Nigeria Strategy for Immunization and PHC System Strengthening (NSIPSS), which will be used to guide the country as it transitions from Gavi support. This paper emphasizes the need to implement the NSIPSS in close coordination with the current reforms underway in the health sector. Currently, the government of Nigeria is piloting reforms at federal, state, and local levels to fast track implementation of the National Health Act, which aims to bring additional and 'smarter' domestic resources for health to the facility level. Also needed are systematic linking of health plans to budgets, more efficient allocation of resources, coordinated advocacy, exploration of demand-side barriers to service delivery, capacity building, and strengthened accountability mechanisms that ensure investments in health lead to improved health outcomes. A transition planning process that is grounded, backed by evidence, monitored and adapted regularly, and backed by the highest level of the government of Nigeria will be critical for changing the trajectory for the children of Nigeria.

The purpose of this strategic framework is to articulate CDC's goals, objectives, and strategies for effectively meeting global immunization challenges during 2011-2015. This document is intended to build on and complement CDC's previous 5-year plan: CDC global immunization strategic framework, 2006-2010 and is linked to the 2010 National Vaccine Plan of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ; Abbreviations and acronyms -- Vision statement, mission statement, purpose -- Background and introduction -- Strategic principles -- Progress, aims, and challenges -- U.S. government and global health context -- Framework format -- Goal 1: Control, eliminate, or eradicate targeted VPD disability and death globally -- Goal 2: Strengthen capacity and enhance performance of health systems to sustainably deliver routine immunization services -- Goal 3: Strengthen VPD health information and surveillance systems to enhance decision-making capacity for immunization programs -- Goal 4: Increase the appropriate development, introduction, and use of new and underused vaccines to prevent diseases of global and regional public health importance -- Goal 5: Promote synergies between immunization and other public health interventions to strengthen health systems and contribute to decreased maternal and child mortality and morbidity -- Goal 6: Build and strengthen partnerships that maximize coordination and synergy in meeting immunization goals. ; CS220027. ; 8/31/11 - date from document properties. ; 2006-2010 Global immunization strategic framework issued by the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Global Immunization Division. ; System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Electronic monograph in PDF format (1.16 MB, 40 p.).