The implementation process for the COP21 Agreement must now start in order to have any chance of succeeding with its main objective of a 40% reduction in CO2 emissions. Actually, this process of implementation can be imagined to go on for the entire century, as COP21 promises a carbon free economy sometime after 2050. However, policy implementation is difficult to achieve, especially in a heavily decentralised structure. It is likely that many governments will only deliver small changes in emission decreases, but keep lots of fossil fuel energy sources in order to maintain a positive rate of economic growth. Complete decarbonisation of entire societies is a figment of the imagination.
Dissertation (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2014. ; The objectives of this research were to investigate the following: 1) the reasons and needs for the compulsory licensing policy in Thailand, 2) the guidelines for implementing the policy in Thailand, 3) the factors that affect compliance with the policy in Thailand, and 4) patients' effective access to drugs as a result of the policy in Thailand. This research involved principals and concepts about public policy, as well as concepts about drug patents and compulsory licensing. The focus was on the reasons and needs for compulsory licensing, costs of production or importation of generic drugs for sale under the policy, guidelines and results of the policy implementation, as well as factors that have affected the policy implementation in Thailand. This research relied on mixed methods-qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were studied to explore answers to the research questions, based on secondary data and primary data by means of in-depth face-to-face and phone interviews. The interviewees included policy makers at the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and policy-implementing personnel-directors from government hospitals affiliated with the the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and universities. Out of 45 government hospitals, twenty hospital directors (representing 44.44%) gave their consent to the interviews. Quantitative data were used to confirm the study results of the evaluation of the policy implementation; such data included the number of new patients receiving the drugs and the savings in costs from 2008 to 2010. The study results led to the conclusion that the compulsory licensing policy can definitely solve the problem of patients' inaccessibility to drugs. From 2008 to 2010, the amount of each drug administered to new patients increased continually, and the drug costs fell steadily by approximately two billion baht. As for the policy implementation guidelines, the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) ...
The vital contribution of entrepreneurship to a nation's economy has made government to formulate and implements lots of policies and program channelled towards entrepreneurship development. However, research effort in this area is not commensurate with importance that entrepreneurship development deserves in academic circle. This study therefore examine the relationship between policy implementation and entrepreneurship development in selected agri-prenuers in the five local government areas of Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Snowballing sampling technique was employed for this study. Primary data were collected by administering 250 questionnaires on egg farmers. Variables used in this study included provision of infrastructures and training proxy by average increase in egg production (Avincre) and policy implementation [production level (pl) and farm level (fl)]. Multiple regression technique was used to analyze the extent to which policy implementation affects provision of infrastructure and trainings.R 2 = 0.58 implied that the extent to which the policy implementation attributes explained the variation in the provision of infrastructure and training is 58 percent. Furthermore, the F-ratio was 96.884 and the critical value 0.001 implied that policy implementation attributes significantly affect entrepreneurship development at 0.05 level of significance. Lastly, production level had the highest effect with beta value of 0.416 followed by average increase with beta value of 0.390 and lastly by description of farm level.The outcome of the study showed that there is a strong link between policy implementation and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Based on this outcome it is imperative to recommend that a lot of emphasis should be placed on policy implementation attributes to enhance entrepreneurship development in Nigeria.
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate the process of restorative justice implementation in Ukraine. The research provides an analysis of the current situation and evaluates the necessity of support of restorative justice practice by the State (i.e. by legislation, law enforcement and conventional justice systems). To achieve objectives of the study methods of qualitative research were applied and consisted of analysis of specialized literature and a number of semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The interviewees included employees of the Ukrainian Centre for Common Ground (the UCCG) and practicing mediators from Simferopol branch of the UCCG. In addition there were conversations with random people aiming to learn their points of view on restorative justice and its possibilities. The findings revealed that though much work had been done after restorative justice was introduced in Ukraine in 2003, it had not advanced much. Moreover, due to the problems experienced, there can be observed a tendency towards a decrease of the restorative justice practice. The failure of the post-Soviet law enforcement and the systems of justice to earn the people's trust caused a strong disbelief in innovations in this sector. The major challenges include absence of sufficient financing of the mediation centers and lack of cooperation of the law enforcing structures and the system of justice with mediators. The conclusion is that the State's active cooperation in implementation of restorative justice, including legislative and financial support, is crucial in achieving positive results in this sphere. Key-words: Ukraine, restorative justice, mediation, implementation, criminal justice, law enforcement.
This study investigates the implementation phase of reorganization. Although determination of reorganization success or failure is a rather intractable problem, this study sheds light on this issue by performing a structured study of the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports to answer the question, what do GAO reports say about the implementation of federal agency reorganization? More specifically this study explores what portion of reorganization plans are implemented, what are both expected and unexpected costs, and what issues occurred during the implementation process. GAO reports on reorganization are used as a data source to gather information on a number of implementations of varying sizes. Content analysis is the tool to be used to extract data over a large number of implementations. This study provides a more nuanced view of implementation by evaluating a number of reorganization implementations as a data set. As Destler (1981a) said, 'For reorganization, as for any other change, implementation is the bottom line. Without it, the whole exercise is show and symbolism' (p. 155)Findings of this study reinforce observations on reorganization and implementation by many scholars. The results of the content analysis show the precepts of classical organization theory still influence implementation of reorganization. Economy and efficiency were found to be motivations in a large majority of reorganizations. This study also showed the primacy of personnel issues in implementation, especially when implementation resulted in a net loss of personnel. The desire to avoid layoffs combined with reduction in force procedures exacerbated uncertainty in implementation. Neither the implementation schedule nor the resulting workforce was completely under agency control in many cases. Finally, this study showed the conflict between advocates of less government and advocates of reinventing government was evidenced in reorganization implementation. ; Ph. D.
Aims: This study has aimed at revealing the importance and development in Cittaslow implementations, which is a step taken to create a more livable world. Data Sources: The information and data used in the study have been collected from Cittaslow implementations various national and international papers, books, websites and governmental agencies' publications. Results: Our world has entered the age when rapid transformation occurs. Such rapid change experienced particularly in technology and communication spheres causes borders between countries to be gradually removed. Financial, social and political interactions between countries are increased and new world culture has emerged. In this context, "Slow City" implementations are an alternative solution with gradually increasing number of member countries in local governments.
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) And 2393 (2017) : Report Of The Secretary-general
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) And 2393 (2017) : Report Of The Secretary-general
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) And 2393 (2017) : Report Of The Secretary-general
In India, various ICT tools and platforms are providing an opportunity for educators to share and optimize resources among each other and helping to learn. The government has launched various initiatives like 'Digital India' campaign to take advantage of the larger scale penetration of the Internet to reach every corner of the country. DIKSHA platform is a part of one such initiative by the MHRD, envisioned as One - Nation - One digital platform serving as a digital platform for the teachers. The platform aims to create a repository of resources for educators and build a strong community. From its inception, DIKSHA has evolved and updated with various features and tools to make the platform more efficient. The document will guide the users to navigate through the platform and understand the prerequisites for the implementation of the DIKSHA platform in schools. The document will be useful for a diverse set of stakeholders, including teachers, school heads, administrators, parents, and students, for smooth implementation of DIKSHA platform.
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general
Implementation Of Security Council Resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) And 2401 (2018) : Report Of The Secretary-general
