Suchergebnisse

National Election Study data, 1990-1992, & Uniform Crime Report arrest rates are used to test alternative explanations of the incarceration disparity between blacks & whites & to investigate state-to-state variations. Multivariate regression analysis indicates that such disparity is affected by several factors, including racial disparity in arrest rates & economic well-being. Further, it appears to be ameliorated by black political mobilization in both conventional & unconventional forms. Incarceration disparity between blacks & whites is a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by one overarching theory, such as inordinate black involvement in crime or racial discrimination in the criminal justice system; an integrated approach using economic, legal, & political aggregates is suggested. 2 Tables, 29 References. Adapted from the source document.

The fate of US blacks, from the time of Jefferson to that of Reagan & Clinton, trapped within four successive 'peculiar institutions', is analyzed under a sociological spotlight. The origins of American racism & its outcomes in today's hyperghetto & prison regimes are examined. Adapted from the source document.

Outlines the future necessity and practicability of the present and emerging alternatives to prison incarceration and their effects on the state's efforts to solve the dilemma of prison overcrowing. Explores potential legal issues that may surface as modern technology becames more intertwined in the criminal justice system. (PAS)

Documents the highest ever rate of incarceration for the state of California. Suggests that there is no necessary link between a higher rate of incarceration and a lower rate of crime. Indeed, notes that the prodigious expansion of the state's correctional system has yielded a negligible impact on crime, especially violent crime.

A review essay on books by (1) Joseph T. Hallinan, Going up the River: Travels in a Prison Nation (New York: Random House, 2001); (2) Ann Chih Lin, Reform in the Making: The Implementation of Social Policy in Prison (Princeton, NJ: Princeton U Press, 2000); (3) Michael Tonry & Richard S. Frase (Eds), Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries (Oxford, UK: Oxford U Press, 2001); (4) Michael Tonry & Joan Petersilia (Eds), Prisons: Crime and Justice -- A Review of Research, Vol. 26 (Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1999); & (5) Franklin E. Zimring, Gordon Hawkins, & Sam Kamin, Punishment and Democracy: Three Strikes and You're Out in California (Oxford, UK: Oxford U Press, 2001). These five books on incarceration & penal policy are discussed in terms of causal explanations for the vast expansion of the prison system & lengthened sentences in the US; a comparative approach to the phenomenon (both between the US & Europe & within the US); & the extent to which the policy problem of reversing the near epidemic of incarceration is addressed. 70 References. K. Coddon

This article examines GB's growing prison-industrial complex & the resistance movements that have subsequently surfaced. It utilizes interviews with activists, conducted in 1999-2000, to illustrate that GB's penal system continues to ignore three basic facts: (1) Most criminals are created by poverty. (2) Crime in GB is highly racialized. (3) A symbiotic relationship exists between the business sector, politicians, & prisons. Although activists have been mobilized to fight against increasing incarceration, a broad-based prison reform movement has failed to emerge. If true reform is to be achieved, it will be necessary for activists throughout the world to join together & fight the hegemony of the global prison system. 24 References. K. A. Larsen