Suchergebnisse

"The ways in which organizations make use of information available to them to make decisions and manage activity is an essential topic of investigation for human factors. When the information is uncertain, incomplete or subject to change, then decision making and activity management can become challenging. Under such circumstances, it has become commonplace to use the concept of sensemaking as the lens through which to view organizational behavior. This book offers a unique perspective on sensemaking through its consideration of the variety of ways in which Incident Response is managed by the Police. As an incident moves from the initial call handling to subsequent mobilization of response to first officer attending, a wide range of information is acquired, processed and shared, and the organization (and individuals who work within it) face challenges of making sense of the situation to which they are responding"--Provided by publisher

"The ways in which organizations make use of information available to them to make decisions and manage activity is an essential topic of investigation for human factors. When the information is uncertain, incomplete or subject to change, then decision making and activity management can become challenging. Under such circumstances, it has become commonplace to use the concept of sensemaking as the lens through which to view organizational behavior. This book offers a unique perspective on sensemaking through its consideration of the variety of ways in which Incident Response is managed by the Police. As an incident moves from the initial call handling to subsequent mobilization of response to first officer attending, a wide range of information is acquired, processed and shared, and the organization (and individuals who work within it) face challenges of making sense of the situation to which they are responding"--Provided by publisher.

Climate change is having a significant effect on disasters worldwide. In response, societies have attempted to mitigate the consequences by developing standardised arrangements, known as incident command systems. Many of these systems have a military heritage using hierarchical command-and-control principles that are authoritative by nature and fit well within bureaucratic organisations. While emergency services agencies have embraced these incident command systems, other agencies have not, thereby making the multi-agency response to disasters challenging. This research investigated current incident command systems to develop an improved framework that includes all agencies and improves the multi-agency response to emergencies and disasters. A multi-modal qualitative research approach was undertaken using a literature review, semi-structured interviews with informants and a policy analysis of recent disaster reviews and inquires. This combined data informed the development of 4 options for improvements to the multi-agency response and consolidated the issues into 5 domains. These domains and options for improvement were presented to a panel of experts at the strategic level of emergency and disaster management by way of a 2-round modified Delphi study. This paper reports on the final phase of the research; the policy analysis and modified Delphi study. The most significant outcome of this research was a new level of understanding of strengths and weakness of the incident command system. This contributed to the development of a new conceptual framework based on modifications to the incident command system principles.

"There are many available books on CBRN response and HAZMAT as well as a few books on security for major events; however, there are none that overlap. When planning for the safety and security of major high-profile events, whether they be sporting events (e.g. Olympics), public ceremonies (Royal weddings, state funerals, inaugurations), or similar large gatherings there need to be proper plans, tactics, techniques, and procedures for planning and responding to any potential hazard. The book explains how to prepare for and how to react to accidental and deliberate situations involving CBRN threat materials at a major public event. The book explains why the major event environment is different and why this category of threats poses a higher level of challenge. The book then shifts from preparedness to response to incidents. The book describes a number of practices, techniques, and processes that may be useful for responding to such incidents. The final part of the book contains a number of self-contained scenarios, which are useful both as instructional materials in their own right. But they are also useful, on a stand-alone basis, as the underlying basis for training exercises, both on a table-top basis and in actual field exercises. Throughout the book, technical concepts are explained so that even non-specialists in the emergency response disciplines can follow Based on the authors significant feedback from readers of the first edition, many changes have been made. The major change is that the book incorporates lessons learned from major events that have occurred since publication of the first edition. In each chapter some particular "lesson learned" or "best practice" from recent events are included. Where necessary and relevant, update the text to make reference to technological developments since 2012 while outdated or unnecessary material has been removed"--

The paper addresses the important role of interorganizational coordination and network governance in implementing disaster response policies facing complex environments of emergencies and crises. The paper analyzes the National Response Framework (NRF) in the U.S. and its role in disaster response coordination. A network perspective is utilized to understand functional coordination based on the emergency support functions (ESFs), and to evaluate the role of the NRF in coordinating disaster response at the federal level. Based on the roles and coordination structures defined by the ESFs, interorganizational networks and affiliation networks are presented in the paper. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper illustrates how the ESFs, especially ESF #7 – Logistics and ESF #8 – Public Health and Medical Services, operated in response to the crisis.

The Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker owned by the ExxonMobil Shipping Company, which gained its infamy after running aground in Prince William Sound spilling more than 11 million galleons (approximately 258,000 barrels) of crude oil [1]. It is currently operating under the name Oriental Nicety, and is owned by Hong Kong Bloom Shipping Ltd. In the early hours of March 24th, 1989 the vessel struck Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The oil impacted over 1,100 miles of non-continuous coastline, making the Exxon Valdez the largest oil spill in U.S. history [2]. Exxon and the U.S. Coast Guard began a massive cleanup effort that included over 11,000 personnel, 1,400 vessels, and 85 aircrafts [2]. The spill affected one of the nations most vulnerable ecosystems, which included a national forest, four national wildlife refuges, five state parks, 3 national parks, four state critical habitat areas, and a state game sanctuary. Total toll on marine wildlife included approximately 300 harbour seals, 2,800 sea otters, and between 250,000 and 500,000 seabirds [3]. The remote location, the large spill size, and the character of the oil spill tested spill preparedness and response capabilities. Government and industry response plans proved to be completely insufficient to maintain an oil spill of this magnitude. Initial industry response to get equipment on site was exceptionally slow, and once deployed the equipment could not cope with the scale of the oil spill. In the aftermath of the incident, Exxon Mobil undertook substantial operational reforms and implemented an extremely thorough operational management system to prevent future incidents. This report will explore the Exxon Valdez incident, environmental losses, economic losses, loss prevention measures, and the impact on design codes, practices and regulations.

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Examples: 2008 Mexican Hat, Utah, Incident and 2010 Albert Pike, Arkansas, Flood -- 3 9-1-1 Access and Communications -- 4 Challenges Facing the Prehospital System -- 5 Coordination and Integration Across Response Platforms -- 6 Establishing Metrics to Assess Risk and Capabilities -- 7 Improving Rural Mass Casualty Response in the United States -- 8 Needs and Opportunities -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Invited Speakers and Panelists.