Suchergebnisse

Income inequality in Indonesia remains a controversial issue in the context of Indonesian macroeconomic condition that is evolving in output and government spending, and its increase in consumption accompanied by inflation and slowing of bank credit. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among macroeconomics, monetary and income inequality through a broad theoretical model by adopting a panel Structural Vector Auto-regression (SVAR) model to get more sample size during the period 2005-2018 at 33 provinces in Indonesia. The main results indicate that the variables of output and inflation have positive relationships. The relationship between output and income inequality is also significantly correlated, and those results supported by Kuznets's theory reveal that the relationship between economic growth and income inequality is positive in the short term. The relationship between inflation and income inequality is positive as well in Indonesia. This result is by the fact that low-income families are considered more vulnerable to inflation. The impact of non-food consumption shocks increases income inequality, while Indonesian government spending and bank credit shocks reduce income inequality. Then the response of savings and bank credit to the shock of income inequality is positive.

Efforts to empower the poor communities in urban areas are still very urgent at this time. Although the number of poor communities in urban areas is decreasing, the rate is not significant. Empowerment needs to place poor urban as the main actors and the government as facilitators and motivators. This research aims to provide a scientific description of the causes of poverty and the empowerment model for the poor urban in Makassar city, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a narrative strategy. The research participantss were as many as five low-income households in an urban area. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews with participants. Field observations were also made related to participants' social life and literature studies to strengthen the interview and observation data. Data analysis takes three ways: data reduction, data display, and verification/conclusion drawing. The result showed three factors that cause urban poverty: natural, cultural, and structural. The empowerment model was implemented by understanding the problems encountered, developing problem-solving strategies, understanding the importance of making planned changes, and strengthening the urban poor's capacity. ; Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin di perkotaan masih sangat mendesak saat ini. Meski jumlah masyarakat miskin di perkotaan menurun, angka tersebut tidak signifikan. Pemberdayaan perlu menempatkan masyarakat miskin perkotaan sebagai aktor utama dan pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dan motivator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran ilmiah tentang penyebab kemiskinan dan model pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin perkotaan di kota Makassar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan strategi naratif. Partisipan penelitian adalah sebanyak lima rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah di wilayah perkotaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan partisipan. Pengamatan lapangan juga dilakukan terkait kehidupan sosial partisipan dan studi literatur untuk memperkuat data wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi / penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga faktor penyebab kemiskinan perkotaan: alamiah, budaya, dan struktural. Model pemberdayaan dilaksanakan dengan memahami permasalahan yang dihadapi, menyusun strategi pemecahan masalah, memahami pentingnya melakukan perubahan yang terencana, dan memperkuat kapasitas masyarakat miskin perkotaan.

This study was conducted to assess the integrated farming system paddy rice and livestock buffaloes in the framework of regional development in Humbang Hasundutan, with linear regression analysis and descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study concluded: a) system integration paddy rice farming and buffaloes more efficiently with the R/C ratio 2.4795 compared with non-integration with R/C ratioof 2.1705, b) variable; land area, paddy rice seeds, livestock breeds, animal feed, fertilizer and pesticides, labor, dependent of family, capital of farming, the price of paddy rice systems integration give 96.5% influence on the regional development in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, c) variable land area, animal feed and labor has a positive and significant impact on regional development, d) a variable dependents of family has a negative effect and significant impact to regional development, e) variable capital of farming and price otuput system integration rice paddy and livestock buffaloes have a positive influence and significantly to the regional development in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Based on the results of the study suggested that the government Humbang Hasundutan: a) provide training to improve the skills of the workforce and the management of systems integration paddy rice and livestock buffaloes that have an impact on increasing the income of farmers and regional development in Humbang Hasundutan, b) should provide seed farming quality and superior to affordable price, c) should optimize counseling for farmers or ranchers on how to farm paddy rice and livestock that is better and more efficient, d) should help farmers to obtain capital farming that is more flexible and is responsible for keeping the stability of output prices of agricultural products so that farmers are motivated to improve their production.

This study investigates the effect of income diversification on bank performance and risk for government owned banks in Indonesia. This study uses return on assets (ROA) for bank performance and standard deviation of return on assets (SDROA) for bank risk. Using a data set of government owned banks in Indonesia during the period 2012-2016, we find evidence that income diversification is positively related to bank performance (ROA). Income diversification is positively related to bank risk. We find that income diversification increases performance and also risk for government owned banks.

The research is aimed to know the local government ability in decentralization schema according to the local government financial report that using decentralization fiscal level between central and local government. The result shows that ratio between the local government income (PAD) and total income of local government (TPD) for all local government in Yogyakarta Province in 1996-2006 is very low, less than 10%. The ratio between production sharing for tax and non-tax (BHPBP) and total income of local government (TPD) is also low. Therefore, these phenomena indicate that the ratio of decentralization financial is very low. Other ways to know the local government financial report is using independent level of government local that used the income of the local government for their budget. This shows that the local governmet income (PAD) contribution in the total expenditure of local government (TKD) is still low; therefore the local government financial autonomy is very low. According to those results, the decentralization implementation in Yogyakarta province is not success. The factors that influence in financial autonomy level are contribution level, aid level, government funding, and economy potential. These factors contribute in local government financial level at Yogyakarta Province. This paper shows that contribution level (BM) and PDRB significantly affect local government financial level. Therefore, the BM has negative relation but PDRB has positive one to the autonomy financial level. Beside that, aid variable (BN) and government funding (PP) only have a small effect in the autonomy financial level. Keywords: decentralization, financial autonomy level, local government income

The study aims to investigate the impact of distance, exchange rate, population, and GDP on natural rubber export. This study utilized two approaches, namely a descriptive approach and a quantitative approach, and used the gravity model approach in the process because the research used distance as one of the reference variables. As a result, a high GDP indicated higher income, and high income would lead to an increase in disposable income. In conclusion, the government should try to keep the rupiah exchange rate stable or even to increase it to maintain the stability of the Indonesian natural rubber trade flow.

While Indonesia has been experiencing relatively considerable and stable economic growth in the last decades, the country is prone to income disparity across regions due to uneven distribution of population, natural resources and the persistent impacts of centralized development imposed by the New Order regime. This study examines the economic growth convergence in East Java, Indonesia, from 2010 to 2019 and explores the influence of government expenditure on education, health, and capital sector on the economic growth convergence. By considering spatial dependence across regions, the result shows no strong evidence of regional income convergence in East Java. Also, this research claims the presence of spillover effect of government expenditure on education and capital sector on regional income growth. Notably, higher government expenditure of the education sector in one region could stimulate higher economic growth of its neighboring regions. Conversely, higher government expenditure on the capital sector in one region may lower the economic growth of its surrounding regions.

This study aims to choose a fiscal stress index that is most suitable to assess state budget condition in Indonesia. The analysis factor is used to assess several factors that can cause stress on the state budget. SPSS is used for the purposes of the analysis. There are eleven indicators of two factors that lead to fiscal stress. The assessment revealed that there is only one fiscal stress index which is suitable to assess state budget condition in Indonesia. Factors can lead to fiscal stress in Indonesia are state expenditure, debt factors, education spending, general allocation funds, profit sharing funds, special autonomy funds, health spending, debt interest payments, state obligation, and the number of population.

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors.

Indonesia has a long history in the agricultural management sector. The economic development in Indonesia shows that the development of the agricultural sector has a made great contribution to the change in the Indonesian economy. Agriculture also has an important role in providing employment. providing raw materials for other sectors. as foreign exchange. and as the basis for the food security of the Indonesian population. In the national policy. the government has prioritized the subsidies in the agricultural sector to stimulate it to be more productive. This research has some aims i.e.: to describe the role of the agricultural sector based on the distribution of household income groups in Indonesia; to describe the impact of household income level groups if the subsidies in the agricultural food sector or Indonesia have increased. The research was conducted by using the analysis of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with 2008 database. The food sectors are classified into: sector production of: rice. corn and soybeans. other crops. poultry meat (traditional farms). poultry meat (medium and large farms). eggs. forestry and hunting. fishing and others. The results of the study after the policy injection (simulation) show that the food industry has experienced a significant increase in productivity among the economic sectors. Agricultural entrepreneurs are the group that experienced a high increase in income among farming households. In addition. linkage analysis showed that the commodities of other food industries has experienced forward and backward linkages.

BPS data on March 2019 shows that poor people in Indonesia reached 25,14 million. It means that there are so many Indonesian people still have not got a decent life both economically and socially. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population, so one of the solutions to overcome the poverty is to encourage zakat intensively. Since 2018, Indonesian government planned to issue the presidential decree about the income zakat collection of 2,5 percent for muslim civil servants. In Banyumas, this regulation has been applied since August 2018, after the circular letter No.159/BP.BAZNASBMS/VII/2018 released on July 9th 2018 from BAZNAS Banyumas that contains an appeal for civil servants to pay zakat when their income has reached a certain nishab according to the Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. KEP.016/BP/BAZNAS/ XII/2015. In that decision stated that the value of nishab income is considered the same with the agricultural yields that has a three months farming period so the value of nishab is divided by three. That statement is not in line with MUI Fatwa No.3 of 2003 which is using gold nishab. Moreover, that Decision has been updated into Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. 73 of 2017 that set the value of nishab equals to 85 grams of gold, so the Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. KEP.016/BP/BAZNAS/XII/2015 was revoked and no longer enforceable. The study aims to analyze the nishab rules of zakat which is used and understood by MUI, regional governments, BAZNAS, UPZ, and civil servants and also to understand the application of the 8th Zakah Core Principles about Good Amil Governance. This research used qualitative method to analyze further about system and method of income zakat collection that applied to zakat payers in Banyumas Regency. The results showed the inconsistency between the established Baznas Banyumas rules with both Central Baznas rules and MUI Fatwa, and Baznas Banyumas just relies on the Regulation of Minister of Religious Affairs. This appeal must be reviewed immediately with Central BAZNAS and MUI ...

BPS data on March 2019 shows that poor people in Indonesia reached 25,14 million. It means that there are so many Indonesian people still have not got a decent life both economically and socially. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population, so one of the solutions to overcome the poverty is to encourage zakat intensively. Since 2018, Indonesian government planned to issue the presidential decree about the income zakat collection of 2,5 percent for muslim civil servants. In Banyumas, this regulation has been applied since August 2018, after the circular letter No.159/BP.BAZNASBMS/VII/2018 released on July 9th 2018 from BAZNAS Banyumas that contains an appeal for civil servants to pay zakat when their income has reached a certain nishab according to the Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. KEP.016/BP/BAZNAS/ XII/2015. In that decision stated that the value of nishab income is considered the same with the agricultural yields that has a three months farming period so the value of nishab is divided by three. That statement is not in line with MUI Fatwa No.3 of 2003 which is using gold nishab. Moreover, that Decision has been updated into Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. 73 of 2017 that set the value of nishab equals to 85 grams of gold, so the Decision of Head of BAZNAS No. KEP.016/BP/BAZNAS/XII/2015 was revoked and no longer enforceable. The study aims to analyze the nishab rules of zakat which is used and understood by MUI, regional governments, BAZNAS, UPZ, and civil servants and also to understand the application of the 8th Zakah Core Principles about Good Amil Governance. This research used qualitative method to analyze further about system and method of income zakat collection that applied to zakat payers in Banyumas Regency. The results showed the inconsistency between the established Baznas Banyumas rules with both Central Baznas rules and MUI Fatwa, and Baznas Banyumas just relies on the Regulation of Minister of Religious Affairs. This appeal must be reviewed immediately with Central BAZNAS and MUI and then informed to all related parties so that they have sharia-compliant understanding about zakat.

Pelalawan regency has the potential of smallholder rubber plantations are widespread. Extensive rubber plantations alone in 2014 reached 26415.90 ha or equal 7.20% of the totalplantation area overall. But until now the utilization of plantation products has not been ofgreat benefit both for the farmers and society in general. Therefore it is considered essential toincrease the economic value added of smallholder rubber plantations in Pelalawan. This studyuses a new institutional economic review. Results of the study found that approximately 76% ofhousehold income rubber farmers in the regency is supported by income from their rubberplantation. The study also found that so many layers of traders involved, making the chain themarketing of rubber in Pelalawan long enough and long chain trade system that resulted in alow selling prices at the farm level, hence farmers can only receive the price of rubbers. In theend, the study found that in order to increase economic value added of smallholder rubberplantations need to make institutional improvements rubber plantation in Pelalawan.

Abstract Paying alms is the third pillars of Islam. The aim of this research are to find out about any roles, contributing factors and the supporting actions to Magelang alms agency by the local government in the- tasharruf process of alms, infaq and shodaqoh from muzakki. Qualitative method is used in this research paper. Researcher found that income until December 31st, 2018 is Rp 2.271.923.817, from the balance in 2017 is Rp 620.996.267 Tasharruf process by December 31st is Rp 1.771.560.305 to the amil people Rp 241.531.855 and Rp 1.530.028.450 for the asnaf. Moreover, the balance by December 31st, 2018 is Rp 500.363.512. Income by June 30th, 2019 is Rp 1.315.059.636 from the balance by 2018 is Rp 500.363.512 and DSKL Rp 814.696.124. Then, tasharruf process by June 30th, 2019 to asnaf and activities program Rp 780.098.400. Finally, the balance by June 30th, 2019 is Rp 534.961.236. The contributing factors of that conditions are lack of awareness of moslem in paying alms by individuals or in groups. Local government have given great support to facilitate physically and non-physically.