Suchergebnisse

On 12 November 1991, Indonesian soldiers shot and killed over 200 people in a funerary march and pro-independence protest at the Santa Cruz cemetery in Dili, East Timor. These proceedings comprise some of the papers from an online international symposium marking the thirtieth anniversary of the massacre held on 9 - 10 November 2021. The symposium was held by the Timor-Leste Studies Association and the Centro Nacional Chega (CNC), Timor-Leste's national centre of memory and dedicated to filmmaker Max Stahl, whose footage of the massacre had played such a pivotal role in raising awareness about the Indonesian occupation of East Timor. Over two days, almost 30 research papers and first-hand accounts were presented in English, Tetum and Portuguese, looking at topics such as the organisation of the protest, the impact of the massacre, and how these events have been remembered and commemorated in Timor-Leste and elsewhere

The foreign policy options of Brazil are limited in view of the superior hard power of the established great powers. Brazil's soft balancing strategy involves institutional strategies such as the formation of limited diplomatic coalitions or ententes, such as BRIC, to constrain the power of the established great powers. The BRIC states have been amongst the most powerful drivers of incremental change in world diplomacy & they benefit most from the connected global power shifts. In a global order shaped by great powers through international institutions, those players who effectively operate within them as innovators, coalition builders & spokesmen while preserving great amounts of sovereignty & independence have the potential to substantially influence the outcomes of future global politics. Adapted from the source document.

Presented in his memory is an interview conducted in 1999 with Portuguese diplomat Jose Tomas Calvet de Magalhaes. Topics surveyed include his work with NATO in 1948 & 1949, the historical struggle for democracy in Portugal, the Portuguese elections of 1958, & his association with many of the leading Portuguese military & political figures of the era. The discussion then jumps ahead to the 1970s & the establishment of democracy in Portugal, with a focus on his associations with many of the leaders of the pro-democracy movement, including National Popular Action. The interview addresses the functioning of the dictatorship in its final days, including the political stance of the armed forces. The colonies are also discussed, with particular attention given to the independence of Mozambique & Angola. R. Young

Between the late 1940s and independence in 1975, rural Mozambican women migrated to the capital, Lourenco Marques, to find employment in the cashew shelling industry. This book tells the labour and social history of what became Mozambique's most important late colonial era industry through the oral history and songs of three generations of the workforce. In the 1950s Jiva Jamal Tharani recruited a largely female labour force and inaugurated industrial cashew shelling in the Chamanculo neighbourhood. Seasonal cashew brews had long been an essential component of the region's household, gift and informal economies, but by the 1970s cashew exports comprised the largest share of the colony's foreign exchange earnings. This book demonstrates that Mozambique's cashew economy depended fundamentally on women's work and should be understood as "whole cloth"

No período pós-independência, o objetivo da Frelimo era "livrar a sociedade moçambicana de mazelas associadas ao mundo colonial, burguês e capitalista, rumo à construção do Homem Novo, que passava necessariamente por um processo de "reeducação", no interior do qual os indivíduos seriam introduzidos numa nova ordem" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Esta nova ordem implicava "trabalho disciplinado, despojamento material, superação de antigas lealdades (étnicas, religiosas, de classe, de raça, regionais) e comportamento moral inatacável" sinónimo do "ideal de Homem Novo" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Os artigos publicados em jornais moçambicanos da época contrastam com os textos dos media internacionais. Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa apresenta, em Entre as memórias silenciadas (2013), um retrato de Moçambique nos primeiros anos do período pós-independência com a ficção a alertar para a necessidade de desafiar e recuperar as memórias silenciadas dos campos de reeducação instituídos pelos dirigentes da Frelimo para construir/educar um "Homem novo". Ba Ka Khosa (2013) procura desmistificar e exorcizar a história do passado recente com um texto que (re)visita a realidade moçambicana no período pós-independência, que para os reeducandos foi sinónimo de violência, sofrimento e exclusão da história e da memória. Como um dos autores mais provocadores da contemporaneidade moçambicana, Ba Ka Khosa "dilui o passado no presente, a ficção na realidade, fazendo da literatura um vivaz espaço para o debate político" (Gallo, 2013, p. 293). Esta comunicação propõe-se analisar a obra de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa em paralelo com os textos publicados nos meios de comunicação nacionais e internacionais. ; In the post-independence period, Frelimo's goal was to "free Mozambican society from damage related to the colonial, bourgeois and capitalist world, towards the creation of a New Mankind that would necessarily go through a process of 're-education', pursuant to which individuals would be inserted into a new order" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). This new order implied "disciplined work, material detachment, overcoming old loyalties (ethnic, religious, class, racial, regional) and unassailable moral behaviour" meaning the "ideal of a New Mankind" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Articles published in Mozambican newspapers at the time contrast with international media texts. In Entre as memórias silenciadas [Between silenced memories] (2013), Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa portrays Mozambique in the first years of post-independence through fiction, alerting to the need for challenging and retrieving the silenced memories of the re-education camps, implemented by Frelimo's leaders, to build/educate a "new Mankind". Ba Ka Khosa (2013) seeks to demystify and exorcise the history of a recent past with a work that (re)visits Mozambican reality in the post-independence period, which, to the re-educated, was synonym of violence, suffering and exclusion from history and memory. As one of the most provocative authors of Mozambican contemporaneity, Ba Ka Khosa "blurs the past with the present, fantasy with reality, transforming literature into a live space for political debate" (Gallo, 2013, p. 293). This paper has the purpose of analysing the work of Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa and, simultaneously, the pieces published in national and international mass media.

No período pós-independência, o objetivo da Frelimo era "livrar a sociedade moçambicana de mazelas associadas ao mundo colonial, burguês e capitalista, rumo à construção do Homem Novo, que passava necessariamente por um processo de "reeducação", no interior do qual os indivíduos seriam introduzidos numa nova ordem" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Esta nova ordem implicava "trabalho disciplinado, despojamento material, superação de antigas lealdades (étnicas, religiosas, de classe, de raça, regionais) e comportamento moral inatacável" sinónimo do "ideal de Homem Novo" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Os artigos publicados em jornais moçambicanos da época contrastam com os textos dos media internacionais. Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa apresenta, em Entre as memórias silenciadas (2013), um retrato de Moçambique nos primeiros anos do período pós-independência com a ficção a alertar para a necessidade de desafiar e recuperar as memórias silenciadas dos campos de reeducação instituídos pelos dirigentes da Frelimo para construir/educar um "Homem novo". Ba Ka Khosa (2013) procura desmistificar e exorcizar a história do passado recente com um texto que (re)visita a realidade moçambicana no período pós-independência, que para os reeducandos foi sinónimo de violência, sofrimento e exclusão da história e da memória. Como um dos autores mais provocadores da contemporaneidade moçambicana, Ba Ka Khosa "dilui o passado no presente, a ficção na realidade, fazendo da literatura um vivaz espaço para o debate político" (Gallo, 2013, p. 293). Esta comunicação propõe-se analisar a obra de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa em paralelo com os textos publicados nos meios de comunicação nacionais e internacionais. ; In the post-independence period, Frelimo's goal was to "free Mozambican society from damage related to the colonial, bourgeois and capitalist world, towards the creation of a New Mankind that would necessarily go through a process of 're-education', pursuant to which individuals would be inserted into a new order" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). This new order implied "disciplined work, material detachment, overcoming old loyalties (ethnic, religious, class, racial, regional) and unassailable moral behaviour" meaning the "ideal of a New Mankind" (Thomaz, 2008, p. 179). Articles published in Mozambican newspapers at the time contrast with international media texts. In Entre as memórias silenciadas [Between silenced memories] (2013), Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa portrays Mozambique in the first years of post-independence through fiction, alerting to the need for challenging and retrieving the silenced memories of the re-education camps, implemented by Frelimo's leaders, to build/educate a "new Mankind". Ba Ka Khosa (2013) seeks to demystify and exorcise the history of a recent past with a work that (re)visits Mozambican reality in the post-independence period, which, to the re-educated, was synonym of violence, suffering and exclusion from history and memory. As one of the most provocative authors of Mozambican contemporaneity, Ba Ka Khosa "blurs the past with the present, fantasy with reality, transforming literature into a live space for political debate" (Gallo, 2013, p. 293). This paper has the purpose of analysing the work of Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa and, simultaneously, the pieces published in national and international mass media.

Africa has accounted for a disproportionate part of the peacekeeping efforts of the United Nations for at least the past fifteen years (Portuguese-speaking Africa being prominent in this). It seems clear that this situation results from difficulties in the implementation of the post-independence state -- whether as a result of externally generated pressures or of internal issues of political culture or both. This extensive intervention in African conflict has been motivated not only by humanitarian imperatives but also by the 'necessity' of maintaining the fabric of the 'Westphalian' system of states (a concern given greater urgency by the 'war on terror'). While there has been considerable discussion of 'African solutions for African problems' as an alternative, it is likely that UN peacekeeping will retain a prominent place in African conflict management for the foreseeable future. Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Using newspapers as primary sources, this article presents an innovative analysis of Victor Meirelles' A primeira missa no Brasil (1860). Beyond canonical interpretations of Meirelles' work as an erudite depiction of the beginning of Brazil's history in 1500, the article demonstrates that for viewers of that time the painting also, and above all,represented the beginning of the history of Brazilian art in the 1800s. It demonstrates this by following general art debates in newspapers of the period, specifically in the years before and after the highly anticipated return of the young Meirelles fromhis European sabbatical. Debates in the press illustrate how Meirelles' significance for nineteenth-century audiences in particular, and for Brazilian art history as whole, can only be fully decoded by situating the artist within Brazilian elites' political-intellectual efforts to achieve European-style civilisational progress during the first decades of the post-independence period. ; false

Este artigo analisa a concepção de educação para as mulheres presente nas obras de Nísia Floresta e Soledad Acosta de Samper e relaciona esta concepção com os movimentos de independência e descolonização da América Latina. Fundamenta-se na genealogia feminista decolonial e metodologicamente na história cultural e comparada. Os resultados revelam que as autoras debatem a formação educacional das mulheres em estreita relação com os movimentos políticos de descolonização do continente latino-americano. Os seus escritos constituem um pensamento fronteiriço que emerge na densa trama da decolonialidade. ; This article analyzes the conception of education for women that are present in the works of Nísia Floresta and Soledad Acosta, and relates to this conception to the Latin American independence and decolonization movements. It is grounded in decolonial feminist genealogy and methodologically, in cultural and comparative history. The results show that the authors debate the educational formation of women in close relationship with the decolonization political movements of the Latin American continent. Their writings constitute a frontier thought that emerges in the dense web of decoloniality.

Started in 1956, the United Nations diplomatic pressure upon Portugal in order to recognize the right to self-determination and independence of its colonies were enhanced in the General Assembly XVth session that took place in xg6o. Supported by the new approach adopted by the United Nations in what concerned non-self governing territories, such enhancement was owed to the admission of new states in the Organization. The majority presented by the Afro-Asian countries promoted the adoption of genetic principles regarding the self determination of dependent peoples, the definition of the concept of non-self-governing territories, and the application of such definition to Portuguese colonies. Provided with those new premises the United Nations rejected the technical approach that was until then the distinct mark of its relationship with Portuguese State. Portuguese colonialism began to be viewed by the light of those premises adopted in the General Assembly, which exceeded the Charter dispositions concerning non-self-governing territories. Adapted from the source document.

Res into matters of. a pol'al nature is far more ancient than the recent development of pol'al sociol (PS). The origin of such res must be sought in the Greece of Socrates, where free citizens participated in every aspect of pol'al life. It was only much later that pol'al life became a life apart, & that the relative independence of the 'soc' & 'pol'al' became accepted as an accomplished fact. In our day, we are once more identifying these 2 concepts. Pol'al sci is still the inheritor of the preoccupations of the classical philosophers of antiquity in that it devotes itself voluntarily to the construction of an Ideal State; on the contrary, PS is not interested in res of that nature. It is 'sociol' in that it studies in a sci'fic fashion all the aspects of soc life & 'pol'al' in that the aspect studied deals with the means of conquest, of the exercise & loss of power. Its field of res is an esp wide one. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

Angola Cinema' honors the fantastic, unique and unknown architecture of movie theaters in Angola, built in the decades before the end of Portuguese colonial rule in 1975. Initially designed as traditional closed spaces, later in the 1960s open air cinemas with terrace bars became the order of the day, so much better adapted as they were to the tropical climate. The arrival of these cinemas brought elegance to the business of going to the movies.0But it is not only this exceptional architecture which impresses us and mirrors the experimental spirit of its ambitious and visionary builders. Visiting the cinema was a communal act—it was a place where young met old, where people fell in love and where liberation from colonialism was a feasible option.0Examining the architectural history of these buildings, this book is also a document of urban organization in the 20th century, as well as the changing mentalities of a society living with the possibility of its foreseen independence. What has changed since then, and what is the future of these urban cathedrals? 'Angola Cinema' poses such questions in a book that both preserves these architectonic treasures and reflects on their cultural, social and affective heritage