Suchergebnisse

For over thirty years was forged, thanks to numerous
rebellions, such as indigenous people,
blacks and the same movements commoner
1781, the geste of independence against Spanish
domination, multiple and diverse today continues
in resistance Colombian people, living new
forms of colonization and domination. Identified
in this journal, some issues, that merit consideration,
to change processes for dignified living
conditions, enabling the autonomy of peoples
and the definition of evolution for the benefit of
the various peoples that make up Colombia and
reducing services to large international interests

The news of the installation in Colombia, the Manta
military base, has generated a national controversy,
because it intends to transfer the base but transforming its operation throughout the country. This article aims compare the reasons for any inconvenience caused in installation in Ecuador and the
reasons for denying the firm extending the existence of the military base with discussions which has resulted in Colombia giving light to approach the analysis of this phenomenon.

In the face of the worldwide trend of granting a greater degree of autonomy to central banks, the compatibility of this scheme with a democratic society has been questioned. In this article, Miguel Urrutia concludes that the independence of the central banks removes the temptation to manage such a powerful instrument as monetary policy in a populist form, and that, on the contrary, it democratizes their oversight, as it subjects them to the surveillance of parliaments, the academy, local and international financial markets, and public opinion. ; Ante la tendencia mundial de otogar un alto grado de autonomía a los bancos centrales, se ha cuestionado la compatibilidad de este esquema con una sociedad democrática. En este trabajo Miguel Urrutia concluye que la independencia de los bancos centrales aleja a la tentación de manejar en forma populista un instrumento tan poderoso como la política monetaria y que, por el contrario, democratiza su contol, pues la somete a la vigilancia de los parlamentos, la academia, los mercados financieros locales e internacionales y la opinión pública.

The struggles for independence in Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century were accompanied by a wide-ranging debate about political rights, nationality and citizenship. In South American Independence, Catherine Davies, Claire Brewster and Hilary Owen investigate the neglected role of gender in that discussion. Examining women writers from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia, the book traces the contradictions inherent in revolutionary movements that, while arguing for the rights of all, remained ambivalent, at best, about the place of women. Through studies of both published and unpublished writings, South American Independence reveals the complex role of women in shaping the vexed ideologies of independence

El presente texto tiene por objeto demostrar la relación de diversos factores para que la judicatura pueda actuar con plena y absoluta independencia, sin ninguna intromisión interna o externa, y con ello se garantice una óptima y eficiente administración de justicia a la población.

The article examines the perception about books, reading and literature in Chile, between 1810 and 1842. It deals with the vision of the two first generations of intellectuals about this subject, a vision politically motivated. It then goes on to establish a constrast between the utopical vision and the real experience in the area of book and reading. The article finally confronts both visions in relation to the independence of literature. ; El artículo examina las concepciones operantes del libro, la lectura y la literatura en Chile, entre 1810 y 1842. Describe la concepción enciclópedica y eminentemente política de lo literario en las dos primeras generaciones de criollos ilustrados y el modo como ella fue conformando un canon para la nueva nación. Contrasta luego el discurso de la utopía ilustrada (entendida como "verdad prematura") sobre la lectura y el libro con testimonios sobre su realidad. Finalmente enfrenta ambas perspectivas y las vincula a la independencia de la literatura.

Colombia, commemorates the July 20, 2010, 200 years of "Independence" event that invites reflection on the progress and setbacks, have been achieved, in achieving real independence during this extended time elapsed.

A challenge to traditional male-centred accounts of the book world in 1820s' Buenos Aires. The woman question was a subject of discussion in post-independence Buenos Aires, reflected in the press and in the book world where writers contemplated the nature, role and status of women, linking the subject to topics such aspolitical transition, reform, modernisation, regional conflict and patriotic culture. This examination of a varied body of works dating from the 1820s, consisting of pamphlets, a history book, conduct literature and periodical literature, demonstrates the impact of transatlantic print networks such as the book trade, and translations from Britain, France, and Spain. Developing our understanding of the post-independence cultural landscape, the study investigates a hitherto unexamined debate that was at the heart of state building in Buenos Aires. It simultaneously challenges traditional male-centred accounts of the period and serves as a counterpoint to historic feministapproaches to print culture. IONA MACINTYRE lectures in Hispanic Studies at the University of Edinburgh.

La historia de la independencia de los jueces es una historia a la búsqueda precisamente de su tergiversación y vaciamiento. Una historia triste. Así fue a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX donde no hay momento, si tomamos como punto de partida la Constitución de Cádiz, que no haya sido maltratada por los gobernantes. Desde ese momento inicial hasta nuestros días los derroteros seguidos han sido muy inquietantes. Un análisis crítico sobre lo que se ha designado como "politización de la justicia" será la guía de esta reflexión con la que se abrió formalmente el curso En defensa de la Constitución.The history of the independence of judges is a history in search precisely of its misrepresentation and emptying. A sad history. This was the case throughout the 19th century, when there is no moment, if we take as a starting point the Constitution of Cadiz, that has not been mistreated by the rulers. From that initial moment to the present day, the paths followed have been very disturbing. A critical analysis of what has been called the "politicization of justice" will guide this reflection, which formally opened the course In Defense of the Constitution.

In post-Napoleonic Europe, where the Holy Alliance was dominant, the dogma of the legitimacy of sovereign governments ensured the status quo. The question about the legitimacy of the Greek Revolution, which broke out in March 1821, was put forward for discussion at the Congress of Laibach (January - May 1821). There, the monarchies agreed that the Greek Revolution was illegal, and their penmen condemned it as an offspring of the French Revolution, the 'monster' that had declared an all-out war against all legitimacy, supporting at the same time the Sultan as the legitimate sovereign of the Greeks. The issue, however, did not end there. The debate about the legitimacy of the Greek War of Independence continued with recriminations among its supporters and its opponents, while the Greek revolutionaries pursued the legitimation of the Revolution having on their side as an ally the mass philhellenic movement which demonstrated its support. The aim of this study is to present the arguments about this issue, the political positions and the stakes of each side, as these were formulated in contemporary foreign and Greek texts: documents, pamphlets, correspondence, the press.

This study is focused on three problems. First, a critical discussion about the main new interpretations of the meaning of Atlantic revolution that took place in the American and European world in the second part of the Eighteenth Century and the early years of the next century. The second problem abalyzed here is the main characteristics of the revolutions that took place at the euro-american triangle and their most three important moments. Finally, it analyzes the political and economical participation of the Latin American World in the internationalization process of the mentioned revolutions. ; Este trabajo aborda tres problemas. El primero discute críticamente las principales novedades presentes en las interpretaciones relativas al significado de las revoluciones atlánticas que se sucedieron en el mundo americano y europeo entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del siglo subsecuente. El segundo problema analizado es el relativo a las principales características de las revoluciones que se dieron en el triángulo euro-americano y sus tres momentos más significativos. Finalmente, como tercer problema, se aborda el tema de la participación política y económica del mundo latinoamericano en el proceso de internacionalización de dichas revoluciones.

The purpose of this paper is to analize the links between central bank independence and foreign exchange policies, in the light of the recent experience of the major Latin American countries. To that end, the paper stars with a brief review of the literature on the subject. The second section on the paper deals with the different structures or models of central bank and foreign exchange management adopted in Latin America. The third and central part sets up an analytical model which describes the objective function of the authority and derives the expected inflation path for each type of Latin- American central bank model. The paper ends with a section of monetary games illustrating the conflicts that arise between the Government and an independent central bank, when the monetary and foreign exchange policies are not controlled by the same authority.

The editor of the Latin American Journal of Scientific Diffusion analyzes the recent history of Venezuela within the framework of the commemoration of the independence of this nation. It affirms, in this regard, that the reality of the country shows its economic and political dependence in relation to external factors, outside the national interest. ; El editor de la Revista Latinoamericana de Difusión Científica analiza la historia reciente de Venezuela en el marco de la conmemoración de la independencia de esta nación. Afirma, al respecto, que la realidad del país da cuenta de su dependencia económica y política en relación con factores externos, ajenos al interés nacional.

The autonomy of the Central Bank of Colombia is part of a political process which seeks to reduce Colombia' s exaggerated centralismo However, central power was not limited to a sufficient degree by the Constitution of 1991, as demonstrated by the fact that the Minister of Finance is the President of the Board of Directors of the Banco de la República. This does not happen in any independent bank in the world, because the objectives of the government are different from those of the central bank, and the Minister of Finance could divert the Bank away from its fundamental anti-inflationary objectives. This article proposes that the principle of no reelection makes the time horizon very short for the government to reap the fruits of a stabilization policy. The government tends to spend in excess in order to improve its public image, and the next government has to confrontthe maladjustment. Therefore coordination between the Central Bank and the government becomes very conflictual. ; La autonomía del banco central Colombiano es parte del proceso político que buscaba reducir el exagerado centralismo colombiano. Sin embargo el poder central no fue limitado en grado suficiente por la Constitución del 1991, como muestra el hecho de que el Ministro de Hacienda es el Presidente de la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República. Esto no sucede en ningun banco independiente del mundo por que los objetivos del gobierno son distintos a los del Banco Central y el Ministerio de Finanzas podría desviar al Banco de sus objetivos antiinflacionarios fundamentales. En Colombia, el gobierno no sólo participa en la Junta para acomodar sus múltiples objetivos sino también hace opocisión pública a la política monetaria y así la desacredita. El articulo plantea que el principio de no reelección hace que el horizonte de tiempo sea muy corto para que el gobierno coseche los frutos de una política de estabilización. El gobierno tiende a gastar en exceso para mejorar su imagen pública y el desajuste lo tiene que enfrentar el gobierno siguiente. De modo que la coordinación entre el Banco Central y el gobierno se torna muy conflictiva.

This paper aims to discuss some aspects of the taxation system genesis and to present a brief highlight about the Bank of Brazil and the National Treasury's role in the Brazilian economic policy during the nineteenth century. We also discuss the main state and social aspects of Brazilian taxation: regressivity and fiscal privileges to the richer classes. Our goal is to indicate the conflictive nature of these institutions, as well as the distinct options that materialized in the Brazilian State formation first moments. We emphasize that the Brazilian economic formation was not unalterable and inevitable.