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The struggles for independence in Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century were accompanied by a wide-ranging debate about political rights, nationality and citizenship. In South American Independence, Catherine Davies, Claire Brewster and Hilary Owen investigate the neglected role of gender in that discussion. Examining women writers from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Colombia, the book traces the contradictions inherent in revolutionary movements that, while arguing for the rights of all, remained ambivalent, at best, about the place of women. Through studies of both published and unpublished writings, South American Independence reveals the complex role of women in shaping the vexed ideologies of independence

A challenge to traditional male-centred accounts of the book world in 1820s' Buenos Aires. The woman question was a subject of discussion in post-independence Buenos Aires, reflected in the press and in the book world where writers contemplated the nature, role and status of women, linking the subject to topics such aspolitical transition, reform, modernisation, regional conflict and patriotic culture. This examination of a varied body of works dating from the 1820s, consisting of pamphlets, a history book, conduct literature and periodical literature, demonstrates the impact of transatlantic print networks such as the book trade, and translations from Britain, France, and Spain. Developing our understanding of the post-independence cultural landscape, the study investigates a hitherto unexamined debate that was at the heart of state building in Buenos Aires. It simultaneously challenges traditional male-centred accounts of the period and serves as a counterpoint to historic feministapproaches to print culture. IONA MACINTYRE lectures in Hispanic Studies at the University of Edinburgh.

The definitive crisis of the system in force in Iberian America for 300 years had global consequences, being a phenomenon that was conclusive for the establishment of the hegemony of the West in the 19th and 20th centuries. In And the independence of Ibero-America was made, a set of significant contributions are presented, made from different approaches, but with a comprehensive perspective, which are intended to contribute to a necessary general perception of the study of Latin American independencies. In this way, this book participates in the rich debate in the shadow of the commemorations for the bicentennial, raised with the intention of overcoming local or traditional approaches that, we are sure, will lead to a resignification of the Ibero-American independencies within the interpretation of the creation of Contemporaneity, not only in the Western Hemisphere but in the whole of humanity.

Juan Marchena pointed out at the time, that "you have to stop following
looking at our navels". This phrase, intended for the context of independence American, reflects his deep concern for a story that would break the local schemes, national borders and interconnected with a larger than would allow us to analyze the future of America, linking events both Americans as Europeans. Within this framework, he would also place emphasis on the analysis of social dynamics, many of them conditioned by political, social, economic and geographical contexts, among others. One of his references would be the repercussions of the French Revolution in the Caribbean, and its direct influence on the movements in Martinique (1790-1793), Guadeloupe (1795-1802) and the most relevant, Haiti (1804); this The latter, I would point out, would in turn have an effect on those that broke out in Venezuela and, in addition to arousing fears throughout Spanish America due to its political scope, it would also do so because it was a rebellion led by black slaves against the white European elite established in the new World.