Reimagining the 'Hemispheric South': Reflections on the Nature of the Nation-state ; Reimaginando el "Hemisferio Sur": reflexiones sobre la naturaleza del Estado-nación
In this paper, I discuss four disjunctions essential to the definition of the 'Hemispheric South', namely, Fred Jameson's 'spatial disjunction', Javier Sanjinés and José Rabasa's 'ethnic disjunction', Arturo Escobar's 'new social movements´ disjunction', and Claudia Llosa's 'language disjunction'. I am well-aware that well-established imperial, colonial, and nationalist narratives have obtained consensus in portraying the 'Hemispheric South' in narratives of indigeneity, rurality, corruption, anti democratic politics, untapped and rich natural resources, criminality, trafficking, migration and the like. My starting point is the relatively common assumption that the concept 'South' spills over into political reconfigurations of the natural space. 'South' stands for the notion of 'frontier,' the possibility of wider, ample, supple, available territories, pragmatic redrawing of borders militarily, politically, economically, and electronically. A critical reading of the 'Hemispheric South' goes beyond a deterministic thinking and also beyond the well-established imperial, colonial, and nationalist narratives that have obtained consensus in portraying 'the South' in terms of unique poverty –a very generative concept, the flip side of which is development. ; En este artículo discuto cuatro disyunciones que son esenciales para la definición del "Hemisferio Sur"; a saber, la "disyunción espacial" de Fred Jameson, la "disyunción étnica" de Javier Sanjinés y José Rabasa, la "disyunción de los nuevos movimientos sociales" de Arturo Escobar y la "disyunción de lenguaje" de Claudia Llosa. Soy bien consciente de que las narrativas imperiales, coloniales y nacionalistas bien establecidas han obtenido un consenso al representar al "Hemisferio Sur" en narrativas de indigenidad, ruralidad, corrupción, política anti-democrática, rica en recursos naturales no aprovechados, criminalidad, tráfico, migración y otras. Mi punto de partida es la presunción relativamente común de que el concepto "Sur" salpica las reconfiguraciones ...