Suchergebnisse

Desde fines del siglo XX, las poblaciones indígenas han adquirido un papel protagonista en la redefinición de numerosas sociedades y estados latinoamericanos. Culturas consideradas como vestigios y condenadas a la desaparición como resultado de la expansión de la modernidad occidental, se han convertido, sin embargo, en actores de una nueva modernidad plural. En este nuevo escenario, han proliferado formas y medios de comunicación indígena: principalmente, radios pero también productoras de vídeo, agencias digitales de noticias, así como una presencia indígena muy activa en las redes sociales. En la ONU y en otros foros, los pueblos indígenas reclaman su derecho a la comunicación. Este libro reúne un conjunto de estudios etnográficos sobre medios indígenas que cubre una amplia diversidad cultural, de los Andes a Mesoamérica y las tierras bajas, así como dos ejemplos afroamericanos. El objetivo es ofrecer un abordaje comparativo de los usos efectivos de los medios indígenas, sus significados y los efectos sociales que producen.

The purpose of this article is to add information to the water policies design's debate with intercultural view in Mexico. It analyses water resources management in the lands inhabited by indigenous peoples, focused on human right to water. Methodology consists on combining two relevant databases to understand water accessibility in those lands and to locate the concentration of indigenous population. Among its limitations is that the basis of ethnographic interpretation were anthropological publications even though it is necessary firsthand information to understand the conflictive relationship between water management and indigenous people; consequently it should have been better to select case studies. The originality of this document is that synthetizes hydrological and anthropological information within a context of collective rights. Conclusions lead to propose that water management strategies should take into account these communities organization in such a way they can participate in decision-making related to the procedures that actually are created in the National Water Law.

This dossier is composed of seven articles that contains ethnographic data, reflections and analyzes on urban indigenous youth, in relation to the recognition and exercise of rights, in the context of the construction of citizenship at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. Indigenous youth define themselves and are recognized by their own cultural groups, academia and institutions as a historical and social subject, which in different social structures and normative instruments is considered as a subject of law that is struggling to be fully adhered to the political community of the city, from different positions, forms of participation and degrees of political consciousness. So the articles focus on a broad geography to address the conditions of being a woman, a man, a migrant, a returning migrant, a student, a worker, among other categories, and reside in a border, medium-sized or metropolis city, demonstrate the multiplicity of experiences that are recorded from different explanatory frameworks and methodological approaches to reconstruct and show the complexity of what we could call the experience of urban indigenous youth in Latin America. On the other hand, we highlight the contributions of the interview with Dr. Laura Valladares de la Cruz, whose reflections are fundamental to understand the current complexity that involves the concentration of studies on the themes and lines of research presented here, as well as the growing need to produce pertinent and innovative approaches and theoretical and methodological perspectives for the approach of a youthful social subject in constant construction and that assumes a growing protagonism in the current dynamics of social, economic, political and cultural change. Finally, we propose one on the text: Indigenous Youth. "Interdisciplinary Intercultural Studies related to Brazil and Mexico", highlights the main contributions of this work that gathers works that were presented in academic events between 2015 and 2016. Keywords: urban youth, contemporary rights and citizenship, Latin America. ; El presente dossier se conforma por siete artículos que contienen datos etnográficos, reflexiones y análisis sobre las juventudes indígenas urbanas, en relación con el reconocimiento y ejercicio de derechos, en el contexto de la construcción de la ciudadanía en el cierre de la segunda década del siglo XXI, momento en el que las y los jóvenes indígenas se autodefinen y son reconocidos por su propios grupos culturales, la academia y las instituciones como un sujeto histórico y social, que en diferentes estructuras sociales e instrumentos normativos es considerado como un sujeto de derecho que está pugnando por tener membresía plena a la comunidad política de la ciudad desde diferentes posiciones, formas de participación y grados de conciencia política. De tal suerte que, los artículos se enfocan en una amplia geografía para abordar las condiciones de ser mujer, hombre, migrante, migrante retornado, estudiante, trabajador, entre otras categorías y residir en una ciudad, fronteriza, mediana o una metrópoli, lo que permite demostrar la multiplicidad de vivencias que quedan registradas desde diferentes marcos explicativos y abordajes metodológicos para reconstruir y mostrar la complejidad de lo que podríamos denominar como la experiencia de las juventudes indígenas urbanas en América Latina. Por otro lado, destacamos los aportantes de la entrevista realizada a la Dra. Laura Valladares de la Cruz, cuyas reflexiones son imprescindibles para aproximarnos a comprender la complejidad actual que conlleva enfocar estudios en los temas y líneas de investigación que aquí se presentan, así como la creciente necesidad de producir enfoques y perspectivas teórico-metodológicas pertinentes y novedosas para el abordaje de un sujeto social juvenil en constante construcción y que toma un papel protagónico creciente en las dinámicas actuales de cambio social, económico, político y cultural. Finalmente, proponemos una sobre el texto: Juventudes Indígenas. Estudios Interdisciplinares, saberes interculturais Conexoes Brasil e México, destaca los principales aportes de esta obra que reúne trabajos que se presentaron en eventos académicos entre 2015 y 2016. Palabras-clave: juventudes indígenas urbanas, derechos y ciudadanías contemporáneas, América Latina. ; O presente dossiê é composto por sete artigos que contêm dados etnográficos, reflexões e análises sobre juventudes indígenas urbanas, em relação ao reconhecimento e ao exercício de direitos, no contexto da construção da cidadania no final da segunda década do século XXI, momento em que os jovens indígenas se autodefinem e são reconhecidos por seus próprios grupos culturais, a academia e as instituições como um sujeito histórico e social, que em diferentes estruturas sociais e instrumentos normativos é considerado como um sujeito de direito que está lutando para ser plenamente aderido à comunidade política da cidade, a partir de diferentes posições, formas de participação e graus de consciência política. De sorte que os artigos enfocam uma ampla geografia para abordar as condições de ser mulher, homem, migrante, migrante em retorno, estudante, trabalhador, entre outras categorias, e residir em uma cidade, fronteiriça, de médio porte ou metrópole, o que permite demonstrar a multiplicidade de vivências que são registradas desde diferentes marcos explicativos e abordagens metodológicas para reconstruir e mostrar a complexidade do que poderíamos denominar como a experiência da juventude indígena urbana na América Latina. Por outro lado, destacamos as contribuições da entrevista com a Drª Laura Valladares de la Cruz, cujas reflexões são fundamentais para entender a complexidade atual que envolve a concentração de estudos sobre os temas e as linhas de pesquisa aqui apresentados, bem como, a crescente necessidade de produzir abordagens e perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas pertinentes e inovadoras para a abordagem de um sujeito social juvenil em constante construção e que assume um protagonismo crescente na atual dinâmica de mudança social, econômica, política e cultural. Finalmente, propomos uma sobre o texto: Juventude Indígena. "Estudos Interdisciplinares interculturais relacionados ao Brasil e México", destaca as principais contribuições desta obra que reúne trabalhos que foram apresentados em eventos acadêmicos entre 2015 e 2016. Palavras-chave: jovens indígenas urbanos, direitos contemporâneos e cidadanias, América Latina.

In this article, considering as a theoretical-methodological reference the discourse studies based on Michel Foucault (2004, 2005, 2007) and the definitions of colonial dispositive and ethniCity (NEVES, 2015) to understand the visual statements spread in the landscapes of Belém in the second decade of the 21st century, representing different places of enunciation about the history of the city and the indigenous peoples.I analyze the frontal of the most famous catholic church of the city and a bronze sculpture to mark the discourse of the colonization and, in contrast, I analyze graffiti of two local contemporary artists that retake the indigenous memory of Belém in their productions.In a way, update the ancient metaphor coined by Fr. Antonio Vieira, but now, as opposed to marble, not the myrtle but graffiti and its transience.

In the central topic entitled "State, territory and indigenous population", Carballo and Madrigal conducted a study in the Cabécar-Tayní indigenous population, located in the province of Limón, Costa Rica, to collect and analyze their views of the landscape from their stories of life and the aesthetics of the place, in order to understand the natural, environmental, cultural, ethnic and social spaces in which this population has developed. For its part, Engelman studies from the perspective of public policies, social dynamics of indigenous populations in the municipality of Almirante Brown of the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (RMBA), Argentina, with the objective of documenting the process of visibility and organization local ethnopolitics of these organizations, which has allowed a greater political and ethnic presence, a positive vision of the indigenous and an empowerment of the population. Barrera-Rojas, Sánchez-Carballo, Ruíz-Sánchez and Ruiz-Guevara, investigate the conditions of poverty faced by indigenous women in the Maya Zone of Quintana Roo, Mexico. For this research, they used three indicators of poverty: Extreme poverty line proposed by the World Bank, Minimum welfare line and Welfare line proposed by the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy. ; En nuestra temática central titulada "estado, territorio y población indígena", Carballo y Madrigal realizaron un estudio en la población indígena Cabécar-Tayní, ubicada en la provincia de Limón, Costa Rica, para recolectar y analizar sus apreciaciones del paisaje a partir de sus relatos de vida y de la estética del lugar, con la finalidad de comprender los espacios naturales, ambientales, culturales, étnicos y sociales en los que se han desenvuelto esta población. Por su lado, Engelman estudia desde la perspectiva de las políticas públicas, dinámicas sociales de las poblaciones indígenas en el municipio de Almirante Brown de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA ), Argentina, con el objetivo de documentar el proceso de visibilización y organización etnopolítica local que han emprendido estas organizaciones, lo cual ha permitido mayor presencia política y étnica, una visión positiva de lo indígena y un empoderamiento de la población. Barrera-Rojas, Sánchez-Carballo, Ruíz-Sánchez y Ruiz-Guevara, investigan las condiciones de pobreza que enfrentan las mujeres indígenas en la Zona Maya de Quintana Roo, México. Para ello, utilizaron tres indicadores de pobreza: Línea de pobreza extrema propuesta por el Banco Mundial, Línea de bienestar mínimo y Línea de bienestar propuestas por el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social.

A team of 3 leading scholars of Guatemalan indigenous studies collaborated to produce this detailed analysis of the government's failure to implement provisions for indigenous people in the 1996 peace accord, which includes a set of specific proposals

Argumenta-se, neste texto, que a vitalidade dos Estudos Culturais está na abertura e receptividade para promover enlaces conceituais e teóricos variados. De modo a adensar a discussão sobre o frutífero encontro entre Estudos Culturais e Educação, no presente artigo promove-se um rastreamento de pesquisas sobre natureza e, também, daquelas dedicadas às temáticas indígenas e afro-brasileiras de modo a indicar enlaces teóricos, caminhos investigativos e pontos de atenção promovidos por pesquisadores identificados com este campo articulatório. Observa-se que, como parte de um projeto ético-político mais amplo, estes estudos questionam essencialismos, fundamentalismos, eurocentrismos, racismos e acenam para possíveis formas de resistência político-acadêmica. ; In this text it is argued that the vitality of Cultural Studies is in its openness and receptivity to promote varied conceptual and theoretical articulations. In order to deepen the analysis on the productive encounter between Cultural Studies and education, this article makes a survey of researchs on nature and, also, of those themes dedicated to indigenous and afro-Brazilians. It is done in order to indicate theoretical articulations, investigative paths and points of attention promoted by researchers identified with this articulatory field. As part of a broader ethical-political project, it is observed that these studies question essentialisms, fundamentalisms, eurocentrisms, racisms, and point to possible forms of political-academic resistance.

Esta tesis presenta un estudio acerca de los derechos indígenas en el tiempo de las políticas multiculturales. El trabajo pretende por un lado, revelar líneas de continuidad entre el proyecto colonial y el reconocimiento constitucional de la diversidad étnica y cultural; y, por el otro lado, resaltar el papel del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en la descolonización de los derechos indígenas. Para sustentar la tesis, el primer capítulo presenta el marco teórico construido a partir de los estudios culturales, la desconstrucción, la etnografía y los derechos humanos. En el segundo capítulo se analizan algunos pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional sobre la jurisdicción especial indígena. El tercer capítulo defiende la necesidad de integrar los estándares internacionales de derechos humanos indígenas al ámbito interno. En el cuarto capítulo se plantea el debate sobre la reparación integral a los pueblos indígenas víctimas de la violencia. Finalmente se realiza un balance y se presenta la conclusión. (texto tomado de la fuente) ; This thesis studies indigenous rights at a time of a multicultural politics agenda. On the one hand, it argues for an uninterrupted line between the colonial project and the constitutional recognition of ethnical and cultural diversity. On the other hand, it emphasizes on the role of international human rights law in the decolonization of indigenous rights. To support this thesis, the first chapter presents the theoretical framework based on cultural studies, deconstruction theory, ethnography and human rights. In the second chapter, a number of relevant decisions of the Colombian Constitutional Court on Special Indigenous Jurisdiction are analyzed. The third chapter supports the necessity of the incorporation of international standards on indigenous human rights in the domestic law. The fourth chapter deals with the debate about integral reparation to the indigenous peoples who have been victim of violence. Finally, some conclusions and a global balance are drawn. ...

Summary aims to explore the issue of forced sterilisation in the indigenous population, from the perspective of political sociology and in dialogue with medical anthropology, gender studies and human rights. Its methodology is based on a case study in which Mexican indigenous men were sterilised, and is complemented by a documentary review that allowed a theoretical comparative case to be built, starting with Peru, both of which were registered in the 1990s. The main finding is that forced sterilisation, although largely due to a policy of population control, in the particular case of the indigenous population, is also linked to the militarisation involved in the counter-insurgent struggle from the State to the guerrilla activity that characterised Latin America in the years. ; Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la problemática de la esterilización forzada en la población indígena, desde la perspectiva de la sociología política y en diálogo con la antropología médica, los estudios de género y los derechos humanos. Su metodología se basa en un estudio de caso en el que fueron esterilizados hombres indígenas mexicanos, y se complementa con una revisión documental que permitió la construcción de un caso teórico comparativo, a partir de lo ocurrido en Perú, ambos casos inscribiéndose en la década de 1990. El principal hallazgo radica en que la esterilización forzada, si bien obedece en gran medida a una política de control poblacional, en el caso particular de la población indígena, también se relaciona con la militarización que implicó la lucha contrainsurgente, desplegada desde el Estado frente a la actividad guerrillera que caracterizó en aquellos años a América Latina.

Management realities in Latin America are rarely examined against the region's changing social, economic, and political backdrop. Managers must reckon with economic volatility, a weak institutional framework, and limited state governance in a diverse organizational landscape where large corporations do not play center stage. Institutional shortcomings, ingrained privilege and exclusion, and rising social demands have bred a flourishing "informal economy "in which more than one-half the labor force earns a living. Together, these circumstances make for a challenging business context where enterprising organizations craft home-grown management practices. This study revisits management practices drawn from in-depth studies of organizations, in Venezuela and Colombia, often deployed by individuals with no formal management training. Hands-on, versatile, and resilient management, strong creative leadership, perseverance and commitment, and keen understanding of the local business context standout as factors that lead individuals to achieve success for their organizations, regardless of the odds. ; Rara vez se examinan las realidades de la gestión en América Latina a la luz del cambiante contexto social, económico y político en que operan las organizaciones. El gerente se desempeña en un paisaje organizacional de gran diversidad y debe lidiar con volatilidad económica, un marco institucional débil y deficiente gobernabilidad por parte del Estado. Las limitaciones institucionales, la exclusión social y el privilegio arraigado, así como cada vez mayores demandas por parte de la sociedad han generado una floreciente "economía informal" en la cual trabaja más de la mitad de la fuerza laboral. Tales circunstancias se combinan para crear un contexto de negocios desafiante, en el que la organización emprendedora confecciona sus propias prácticas de gestión. Este trabajo reexamina las prácticas de gestión aplicadas por personas que a menudo carecían de formación gerencial alguna, según sendos estudios de organizaciones en ...

Historically, three modes of university are identified: confessional, state and private-secular (Pérez and Hincapié, 2018). On this there is a long tradition of studies that inaugurate the so-called univer- sitology (Borrero, 2002). However, the emergence of another university in Europe is recognized: po- pular, and other universities in Latin America and Colombia: popular, indigenous, peasant and inter- cultural. These other universities arise as a response of the communities to various forms of control and hegemony (Althuser, 1998) of state and private ideological power. The existence of this other university drives a field of inquiry. This situated research (Alvarado and De Oto, 2017) includes in its first phase, the documentary review of studies on the university in three contextual fields: Europe, Latin America and Colombia, to identify in its analytical, its approaches. It is conclude among other things that, to explore these other universities: popular, peasant, indigenous, intercultural research, promotes an exercise of political-educational commitment. ; Históricamente, se identifican tres modos de universidad: confesional, estatal y privada-laica (Pérez e Hincapié, 2018). Sobre esto existe una larga tradición de estudios que inauguran la denominada universitología (Borrero, 2002). No obstante, se reconoce la emergencia de otra universidad en Eu- ropa: popular, y otras universidades en Latinoamérica y Colombia: populares, indígenas, campesinas e interculturales. Estas otras universidades surgen como respuesta de las comunidades a diversas formas de control y hegemonía (Althuser, 1998) del poder ideológico estatal y privado. La existencia de esta otra universidad impulsa un campo de indagación. Esta investigación situada (Alvarado y De Oto, 2017) comprende en su primera fase, la revisión documental de estudios sobre la universidad en tres campos contextuales: Europa, Latinoamérica y Colombia, para identificar en su analítica, sus formas de abordaje. Se concluye entre otras cosas que, explorar estas otras universidades: populares, campesinas, indígenas, interculturales en clave investigativa, promueve un ejercicio de compromiso político-educativo.

The so-called "indigenous" issue has been subject to multiple approaches, in recent decades particularly from the approaches of Cultural Studies in the field of Social Sciences and from the perspectives of socio-economic studies on the subject of poverty. This article proposes a critical approach to this notion, trying to reveal the epistemological strategies that reify indigenous subjectivity and dehistorize its economic and social conditions from the contradictory relationship with the State and the dynamics of capital accumulation in which it is circumscribed. To account for the contextual framework in which the logic of exclusion and exploitation of indigenous peoples in Costa Rica is reproduced is the main focus of this study. ; La denominada cuestión indígena ha sido objeto de múltiples abordajes en las últimas décadas, particularmente desde los enfoques de Estudios Culturales en el ámbito de las Ciencias Sociales y desde las perspectivas de estudios socioeconómicos sobre la temática de pobreza. El presente artículo propone un acercamiento crítico de esta noción, intentando relevar las estrategias epistemológicas que cosifican la subjetividad indígena y la deshistorizan de sus condiciones económicas y sociales a partir del relacionamiento contradictorio con el Estado y las dinámicas de acumulación de capital en que se encuentra circunscrito. Dar cuenta del marco contextual en el cual se reproduce la lógica de exclusión y explotación de los pueblos indígenas en Costa Rica es el eje sustancial de este estudio.

Questo articolo offre uno sguardo critico sulla categoria di arena politica in Paraguay attraverso l'analisi di due casi studio (il primo analizzato da V.Bonifacio ed il secondo da R.Villagra), soffermandosi in particolare sullo spazio di articolazione locale tra popolazione indigena e cooperazione allo sviluppo. Nel primo caso, che si concentra sulle comunità maskoy dell'Alto Paraguay, viene analizzata la figura storica del Cacique Michi e le sue trasformazioni nel tempo, mostrando il modo in cui la valorizzazione di cerimonie collettive considerate "tradizionali" configura l'arena politica in un contesto privo di progetti di sviluppo. Il secondo caso è quello della comunità sanapaná ed enxet di Xakmok Kásek, a cui una ONG ha offerto appoggio giuridico-politico nel processo di revindicazione di parte del suo territorio ancestrale. Al momento della discussione del reclamo di terra in parlamento, la comunità chiede alla ONG di realizzare una riunione con gli sciamani in modo che questi ultimi possano intervenire sui legislatori. Anche in questo caso, l'aiuto di esseri non-umani viene chiamato in causa per riconfigurare le relazioni di potere all'interno dello spazio politico. Entrambi i casi mettono in discussione la separazione tra uomo e natura adottata nelle loro pratiche di sviluppo dalle agenzie ad esso preposte, e la difficoltà da parte di queste organizzazioni di comprendere appieno la cosmo-prassi indigena. L'articolo apre nuovi spazi per ripensare e re-immaginare alleanze e pratiche politiche nel futuro. ; The article is a reflection on the definition of the political arena in the Paraguayan context and beyond. In particular, it provides a close look on the way in which this arena gets stretched and blurred in the space of encounter between indigenous communities and development institutions in two specific case studies. The first is the case of the maskoy communities of Alto Paraguay, where the absence of "developmental" forms of indigenous organizations parallels a strong re-enactment of collective ceremonies that are not considered political by non-indigenous observers but they certainly are if we try to reformulate "the political" according to other ontological premises. In the second case, the Sanapaná and Enxet community of Xakmok Kásek works with an advocacy ngo to reclaim a part of their ancestral land before the Paraguayan Parliament through an expropriation law project against the landowner who holds the land title. At reaching point of discussion of the law project, the Community ask the ngo an additional support to hold a shamans' meeting to act upon the lawmakers. The Example show once more that politics that not reduces its realm to the actions of humans alone. Both cases also altogether demonstrate the feeble developmental attempts to separate "human" from "nature" and the limitations of advocacy ngo endeavours to fully understan d politics as cosmopraxis. Thus, the indigenous challenges to the "modern" limits of the political arena, which provokes tensions and misunderstandings, ask to slow down reasoning and re-imagine a configuration for future alliances and political practices.