Suchergebnisse

Part 1. Biodiversity and Conservation -- Chapter 1. Biodiversity of medicinal plants in the Eastern Ghats of Northern Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 2. Biodiversity, Conservation and Medicinal Uses of Seaweeds: The Glimpses -- Chapter 3. Tree Flora of Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 4. Genetic diversity and variability analysis in sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) -- Chapter 5. Flora of Mangrove species utilized for ethnomedicinal practices in Gautami Godavari estuary, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 6. Tree diversity assessment in sacred groves of Eastern Ghats, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Part 2. Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine -- Chapter 7. Structure design and establishment of database application system for Miao medicinal plants in Guizhou Province, China -- Chapter 8. Documentation and Protection of Traditional Knowledge -- Chapter 9. Ethnobotanical assessment of medicinal plants used by Indigenous people living around the Sacred Groves of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 10. Ethno-botanico-medicine in treatment of diabetes by the tribal groups of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 11. Ethnomedicine from Konda Reddis of High Altitude Agency Tracts of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 12. A traditional use of plants for the treatment of bone fractures by the local people of West Sikkim, India -- Chapter 13. God's tree: A culturally coded strategy for conservation (A case study of Gairsain eco- region of district Chamoli, Uttarakhand) -- Chapter 14. Ethnomedicinal plants used by ethnic people in Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India -- Chapter 15. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh for identification of plants with antitumour and antimicrobial potential -- Chapter 16. Controlling biological infestations in museums by medicinal plants -- Chapter 17. Hitherto unexplored aspects of medicinal plants from Ayurveda and Vrikshayurveda -- Chapter 18. Ethno veterinary medicinal plants and practices in Andaman and Nicobar Islands -- Chapter 19. Ethnobotanical trees of Sri Lankamalleswara wild life sanctuary, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh -- Chapter 20. A Study on Medical Systems for Dengue Fever -- Part 3. Bioactive compounds from plants and microbes -- Chapter 21. Development of immunoassays for Ginsenosides in Ginseng -- Chapter 22. Elicitation of flavonoids in Kalanchoë pinnata by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and UV-Bradiation -- Chapter 23. Biogenic silver nanoparticles from Trametes ljubarskyi (white rot fungus): efficient and effective anti candidal activity -- Chapter 24. Herbal medicinal markets in China: An Ethnobotanical Survey -- Chapter 25. Phyto chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of a traditional medicinal plant Glochidion eriocarpum (Phyllanthaceae) -- Chapter 26. Endophytic fungi and their impact on Agroecosystems -- Chapter 27. GC-MS and Insilico molecular docking analysis of secondary metabolites present in leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn -- Chapter 28. Protective effect of Mimusops elengi L. on renal and hepatic markers in STZ-induced diabetic Rats -- Chapter 29. Extraction and purification of gymnemic acid from Gymnema sylvestre r.br -- Chapter 30. GC-MS Profile of the unsaponifiable and saponifiable matters of Coldenia procumbens Linn. Leaves -- Chapter 31. Isolation of sterols from the bark hexane extract of Cordia dichotoma -- Chapter 32. Isolation and characterization of pharmacologically active tannins from stem bark of Syzygium samarangense -- Chapter 33. Rare actinobacteria Nocardiopsis lucentensis VLK-104 isolated from Mangrove ecosystem of Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh -- Chapter 34. Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae): evaluation of root phytochemical constituents for antimicrobial activity -- Chapter 35. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies in different parts of Sesamum indicum L -- Chapter 36. Phytochemical investigation and comparative evaluation of various market samples of Triphala powder with references to their free scavenging and anti-diabetic activity – an in-vitro-approach -- Chapter 37. In vitro anticancer activity of Canthium parviflorum Lam extracts against cancer cell lines -- Chapter 38. Bioactive Metabolites from Streptomyces nanhaiensis VSM-1: Polyphasic taxonomy, Optimization and Evaluation of antimicrobial metabolites by GC-MS analysis -- Chapter 39. In vitro cultured cells as an option for enhancing the production of bioactive compounds: Some selected case studies -- Chapter 40. Anti-Diabetic Studies of the leaf extract of Ericostemma littorale (Blume) using Wistar Rats -- Part 4. Biotechnology -- Chapter 41. Molecular and cytogenetical approaches for genetic diversity analysis of wild and cultivated medicinal plant species from North-East India with focus on genus Curcuma -- Chapter 42. Mutagenic effect of chemicals on certain biochemical parameters in two cultivars of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) -- Chapter 43. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of Gamma rays in Musk okra (Abelmoschus moschatus L.) -- Chapter 44. Detection of genetic variation in Biophytum sensitivum Linn. by RAPD and ISSR markers -- Chapter 45. Development of standard protocols for in vitro regeneration of some selected banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from India -- Chapter 46. In vitro method of high frequency plant regeneration through internodal callus of Ruta Graveolens L -- Chapter 47. Conservation of an endangered medicinal forest tree species, Oroxylum indicum L. Kurz through in vitro culture- A review -- Chapter 48. DNA barcode: the genetic blue print for identity and diversity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et. Thonn -- Chapter 49. Microbiological and physicochemical quality of potable water in valasi, agency area, Andhra Pradesh.

Part 1: New Orientations and Topical Integrations -- Framing chapter: Devin O. Pendas, 'Final Solution', Holocaust, Shoah, or Genocide? From Separate to Integrated Histories -- Cathie Carmichael, Raphael Lemkin and Genocide before the Holocaust: ethnic and religious minorities under attack -- Dan Stone, Ideologies of Race: the Construction and Suppression of Otherness in Nazi Germany -- William J. Spurlin, Queering Holocaust Studies: New Frameworks for Understanding Nazi Homophobia and the Politics of Sexuality under National Socialism -- Daniel Blatman, Holocaust as Genocide: Milestones in the Historiographical Discourse -- Part 2: Plunder, Extermination, and Prosecution -- Framing chapter: Edward B. Westermann, Old Nazis, Ordinary Men, and New Killers: Synthetic and Divergent Histories of Perpetrators -- Mark Spoerer, The Nazi War Economy, the Forced Labour System, and the Murder of Jewish and Non-Jewish Workers -- Waitman Wade Beorn, All the Other Neighbors: Communal Genocide in Eastern Europe -- Kim Christian Priemel, War Crimes Trials, the Holocaust and Historiography, 1943- -- Bianca Gaudenzi, Crimes against Culture: From Plunder to postwar Restitution Politics -- Part 3: Reframing Jewish Histories -- Framing chapter: Dan Michman, Characteristics of Holocaust Historiography and their Contexts since 1990: Emphases, Perceptions, Developments, Debates -- David Engel, A Sustained Civilian Struggle: Rethinking Jewish Responses to the Nazi regime -- Guy Miron, Ghettos and Ghettoization: History and Historiography -- Martin C. Dean, Survivors of the Holocaust within the Nazi Universe of Camps -- Natalia Aleksiun, Social Networks of Support: Trajectories of Escape, Rescue, and Survival -- Joanna B. Michlic, A Young Person's War: the Disrupted Lives of Children and Youth -- Elisabeth Gallas and Laura Jockusch, Anything But Silent: Jewish Responses to the Holocaust in the Aftermath of World War II -- Part 4: Local, mobile and transnational Holocausts -- Framing chapter: Tim Cole, Geographies of the Holocaust -- Gerhard L. Weinberg, The Global 'Final Solution' and Nazi Imperialism -- Susanne Heim, Refugees' Routes: Emigration, Resettlement, andTransmigration -- David A. Messenger, The Geo-politics of Neutrality: Diplomacy, Refuge and Rescue during the Holocaust -- Alejandro Baer and Pedro Correa, Spain and the Holocaust: Contested Past, Contested Present -- Esther Webman, Contesting the "Zionist" Narrative: Arab Responses to the Holocaust -- Aomar Boum, Re-drawing Holocaust Geographies: A Cartography of Vichy and Nazi Reach into North Africa -- Part 5: Witnessing in dialogue: testifiers, readers and viewers -- Framing chapter: Alan Rosen, The Holocaust Witness: Wartime and Postwar Voices -- Monika J. Flaschka, Sexual Violence: Recovering a Suppressed History -- Jonathan Druker, Ethical Grey Zones: On Coercion and Complicity in the Concentration Camp and Beyond -- Carol Zemel, Holocaust Photography and the Challenge of the Visual -- Nicholas Chare, Holocaust Memory in a Post-Survivor World: Bearing Lasting Witness -- Noah Shenker, Post Memory: Digital Testimony and the Future of Witnessing -- Part 6: Human rights and visual culture -- Framing chapter: Valerie Hébert, The Problem of Human Rights after the Holocaust -- David B. MacDonald, Indigenous Genocide and Perceptions of the Holocaust in Canada -- Avril Alba, Lessons from History? The Future of Holocaust Education -- Amanda F. Grzyb, The Changing Landscape of Holocaust Memorialization in Poland -- Meghan Lundrigan, #Holocaust #Auschwitz: Performing Holocaust Memory on Social Media -- Daniel H. Magilow, Contemporary Holocaust Film Beyond MimeticImperatives.

1 History and development of probiotics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History -- 1.3 Composition of probiotic preparations -- References -- 2 Bacterial interactions in the gut -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods for studying bacterial interactions -- 2.3 Main types of bacterial interactions in the gut -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Metabolic interactions in the gut -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mammalian intestinal metabolism -- 3.3 Gut bacterial metabolism -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Translocation and the indigenous gut flora -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Defence against bacterial translocation -- 4.3 Bacterial translocation in animal models with multiple deficiencies in host defences -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Gut flora and disease resistance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Colonization resistance -- 5.3 Suppression of the multiplication of pathogens by the intestinal microflora -- 5.4 Mechanisms responsible for suppression of pathogens -- 5.5 Conclusions -- 5.6 The probiotic concept -- References -- 6 Factors affecting the microecology of the gut -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Definitions -- 6.3 Use of one or a limited number of bacterial strains in probiotic preparations -- 6.4 Ecological considerations -- 6.5 Recommendations for future developments -- References -- 7 Probiotics and the immune state -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Effect of orally administered lactic acid bacteria on immunity: non-specific and specific immune response -- 7.3 Effect of oral administration on the secretory immune system -- 7.4 Effect on the protection against enteric infections -- References -- 8 Genetit manipulation of gut microorganisms -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microbes of potential interest -- 8.3 Molecular genetical studies -- 8.4 Stability of genetic determinants -- 8.5 Possible developments -- 8.6 Release of genetically modified microbes -- 8.7 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Selection of strains for probiotic use -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Aim of this chapter -- 9.3 First steps in the choice of microbial strains -- 9.4 Species and viability of probiotic microorganisms -- 9.5 Processing of viable microorganisms to end-products -- 9.6 Resistance to in vivo conditions -- 9.7 Adherence and colonization -- 9.8 Antimicrobial activity -- 9.9 Gene technology -- 9.10 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Probiotics for chickens -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The normal intestinal flora of poultry -- 10.3 Host—microbial flora interactions -- 10.4 The application of probiosis to poultry -- 10.5 Lactic acid bacteria as probiotics -- 10.6 Competitive exclusion -- 10.7 Immunity -- 10.8 Bacteriophages -- 10.9 Summary -- References -- 11 Probiotics for pigs -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Special features of pigs relevant to the use of probiotics -- 11.3 Current use of probiotics -- 11.4 Efficacy -- 11.5 Functional characteristics of potential probiotic strains -- 11.6 General discussion -- References -- 12 Probiotics for ruminants -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Probiotics for young ruminants -- 12.3 Fungal feed additives for adult ruminants -- 12.4 Bacterial probiotics for adult ruminants -- 12.5 Future developments -- References -- 13 Probiotics for humans -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract -- 13.3 Current use of probiotics -- 13.4 Nutritional benefits of probiotics -- 13.5 Therapeutic benefits of probiotics -- 13.6 More recent developments in the area of probiotics and health -- 13.7 Properties required for probiotics to be effective in nutritional and therapeutic settings -- 13.8 Future development of probiotics for human use -- 13.9 Future applications of probiotics -- 13.10 Techniques for probiotic modification -- References -- 14 Problems and prospects -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Factors affecting the probiotic response -- 14.3 Future developments -- 14.4 Summary -- References.

This book seeks to improve an understanding of what happens when communities turn to, or are subjected to, tourism as a development strategy; use this knowledge to change the process of tourism planning and development in ways that will lead to improved outcomes for destination residents; address some of the knowledge gaps and to further develop some aspects of building community capacity to help better manage and to better benefit from tourism development; and focus on what does and/or should happen in a community before any tourism development is initiated. Destination residents or communities are defined as persons and public and private bodies who are potentially affected, both positively and negatively, by the impacts of tourism development within the boundaries of the destination area. Much of the material in this book is based on studies of communities that often have low levels of tourism development. The book includes cases and examples from remote areas in Australia, including indigenous communities, regional destinations in Asia, emerging destinations in Africa, remote areas of South America, countries in the South Pacific and less-developed tourism destinations and sectors in the USA and Australia. The book consists of 11 chapters which are presented in three parts: improving knowledge of tourism development and its impacts; improving community knowledge of tourism development; and improving community participation in tourism development. Chapter 1 examines community capacity building as a precondition for any activity including tourism development, and only if tourism development is chosen as an option for community development. Chapter 2 examines some of the ways in which both tourists and tourism enterprises create economic costs and benefits within rural communities; and use that information to identify 'pathways' and 'pitfalls' for planners who are keen to enhance the net community benefits of this important regional industry. Chapter 3 provides a framework for understanding and benefiting from tourism's socio-cultural impacts by initially paying attention to cultural relativism, language use, social networks and the concept of well-being. Chapter 4 focuses on how ecotourism tour operators can work with communities to improve resident awareness and understanding of tourism impacts; it also offers suggestions for incorporating such activities into sustainability indicators and accreditation schemes. Chapter 5 examines criteria and steps towards community-based tourism (CBT) development to guide the development of more effective community tourism in Asia. Chapter 6 explores different techniques for enhancing community understanding of tourism encompassing a local and a 'Western' perspective as well as the host-guest relationship; and provides opportunities for partners in CBT development to understand the community's perspective. Chapter 7 discusses a new approach and framework in sustainable tourism and associated ecotourism development. Chapter 8 discusses the use of effective partnerships to increase various forms of capital available for development. Chapter 9 examines how tourism can open doors for women in keeping with the MDG to combat global poverty and hunger in marginal areas of developing countries that are dominated by women with no other forms of livelihood. Chapter 10 outlines the role of entrepreneurs in tourism, differentiates types of entrepreneurs, summarizes the methods for measuring entrepreneurial activity, discusses the climate needed for entrepreneurs to succeed and proposes an agenda for future research in the area of entrepreneurship in the tourism industry. Chapter 11 critically analyzes the use of business coaching as a leadership development tool for tourism operators in regional destinations.

Genocide in antiquity / Shawn J. Kelley -- The roots of antisemitism and genocide in Christian antiquity / John T. Pawlikowski -- Esau and Amalek in the Hebrew Bible and in Second Temple Jewish apocalyptic literature : from propaganda to genocide / Adam T. Strater -- Holy wars, Judaism, violence, and genocide : an unholy quadrinity? / Steven Leonard Jacobs -- The last crusade : holy war and genocidal practices in the case of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) / Antonio Míguez Macho -- Alawite warrior-sheikhs : Ali Khizam and the specter of sectarian violence in Syria / Uğur Ümit Üngör -- Renewing the world : disrupting settler-colonial destruction / Kerri J. Malloy -- Colonial New England : genocide and the negative myth of the other / Dennis Cerrotti -- The religious challenges of linking Holocaust memory with Colonial Violence / David Tollerton -- Sexual violence as genocide against indigenous peoples : the case of Mayan women in Guatemala / Elisenda Calvet Martínez -- Religion : a driving force but not a major cause of the Turkish genocide of Armenians / Rubina Peroomian -- The Christian churches, the Nazi state, and the Holocaust / Victoria J. Barnett -- Religion and the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda / Freddy Mutanguha & Paul Rukesha -- The nature of death in the 1947 India-Pakistan partition genocide / Khyati Tripathi -- Ritualcide under the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia : animism, genocide and war crimes / Peg Levine -- Race, religion, and the genocide of the Jews in Nazi Germany / Christopher Probst -- Catholicism and state terror in Argentina / Gustavo Morello -- Religious communities as targets of the Khmer Rouge genocide / B.D. Mowell -- Dangerous speech cloaked in saffron robes : race, religion, and anti-Muslim violence in Myanmar / Nickey Diamond & Ken MacLean -- The Uyghur people : history geography, religion, language / Azeem Ibrahim & Nury Turkel -- Religion, resistance, and responding to genocide : the Cham in Cambodia / Rachel Killean -- Sinners or saviors : a personal perspective on surviving the Holocaust / Walter Ziffer -- Rwanda 1994 : the creation of religious identities in genocide propaganda / Olov Simonsson -- Faith and women rescuers in Rwanda / Sara E. Brown -- Jehovah's witnesses as 'citizens of the kingdom of god' / Jolene Chu & Tharcisse Seminega -- Music, religion, and genocide / Badema Pitic -- For dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return : Jewish law, forensic investigation, and archaeology in the aftermath of the Holocaust / Caroline Sturdy Colls -- Forensics and Maya ceremonies : the long journey for truth in Guatemala / Fredy Peccerelli & Erica Henderson. -- Reforming the church's theology of the Jews : Christian responses to the Holocaust / William Skiles -- Mozambique : religious practices and post-conflict processes / Victor Igreja -- Iraq and the Halabja 'genocide' : the need for transformative justice / Isaac Kfir -- Personal philosophies of forgiveness after genocide / Stephen D. Smith -- Genocide and the human right to freedom of religion / Melanie O'Brien -- Survival : the case of Yezidi women / Maria Rita Corticelli -- An assessment of the United Nations plan of action for religious leaders and actors to prevent incitement to violence that could lead to atrocity crimes / Kate Temoney -- The power of one : narrative analysis and an Iranian Jewish Shoah survivor / Caroline Ezrapour & Aria Razfar -- Beyond competitive memory : the preeminence of the Holocaust in religious studies / Katharina von Kellenbach -- Muslim and Christian perspectives on the Holocaust and genocide / Mehnaz Afridi & Stephen D. Smith -- Analyzing Holocaust archives through a quantitative lens / Alexis Lerner -- Epilogue: What we know and what we still need to know / John K. Roth.

Part I: Conceptualizing human-nature interactions -- Chapter 1. Conceptualizing human-nature interactions – an overview -- Chapter 2. Environmental Values and Nature's Contributions to People: Towards methodological pluralism in evaluation of sustainable ecosystem services -- Chapter 3. Disentangling trade-offs between the state of coastal ecosystems with human well-being and activities as a strategy addressing sustainable tourism -- Chapter 4. From human-nature dualism towards more integration in socio-ecosystems studies -- Chapter 5. A network approach to Green Infrastructure: how to enhance ecosystem services provision? -- Chapter 6. Transformations of urban coastal nature(s): Meanings and paradoxes of Blue Urbanism and nature-based solutions for climate adaptation in Southeast Asia -- Part II: Mountain systems -- Chapter 7. Values of mountain landscapes: Insights about the Blue Mountains National Park, Australia from Twitter -- Chapter 8. Earth observations of human-nature interactions from a cultural ecosystem service perspective -- Chapter 9. Gendered Values, Roles, and Challenges for Sustainable Provision of Forest-based Ecosystem Services in Nepal -- Chapter 10. Environmental [in]equity: Accessibility to green spaces in a rapidly urbanizing mountain-city -- Chapter 11. Ecosystem services and sustainable development in the European Alps: spatial patterns and mountain-lowland relationships -- Chapter 12. Human-nature relationships for the Flathead Wild and Scenic River System: Analyzing diversity, synergies, and tensions in a mountainous region of Montana, USA -- Chapter 13. Resilience and sustainability of the Maloti-Drakensberg mountain system: a case study on the upper uThukela catchment -- Chapter 14. Invasive alien plants in the montane areas of South Africa: impacts and management options -- Part III: Urban systems -- Chapter 15. Ecosystem service flows across the rural-urban spectrum -- Chapter 16. A typology for green infrastructure planning to enhance multifunctionality incorporating peri-urban agricultural land -- Chapter 17. Urban green spaces in a post-apartheid city: challenges and opportunities for nature-based solutions -- Chapter 18. Green infrastructure and ecosystem services within spatial structure of city – examples from Poznań, Poland -- Chapter 19. Accessibility to and fragmentation of urban green infrastructure: importance for adaptation to climate change -- Chapter 20. Social Demand for Urban Wilderness in Purgatory -- Chapter 21. The Role of Allotment Gardens for Connecting Nature and People -- Chapter 22. Green spaces and their social functions: specific challenges in urban spaces of arrival -- Chapter 23. The link between urban green space planning tools and distributive, procedural and recognition justice -- Part IV: Coastal-marine systems -- Chapter 24. Can local knowledge of Small-scale fishers be used to monitor and assess changes in marine ecosystems in a European context? -- Chapter 25. Marine ecological democracy: participatory marine planning in Indigenous marine areas in Chile -- Chapter 26. The Socio-Ecological Dimension of Ocean Multi-Use -- Chapter 27. Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals for marine and coastal management in Norway: A venture overdue -- Chapter 28. Coastal-Marine ecosystem accounting to support Integrated Coastal Zone Management -- Chapter 29. Exposure of coastal ecosystem services to natural hazards in the Bangladesh coast -- Chapter 30. Adaptations to climate variability in fisheries and aquaculture social-ecological systems in the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem: challenges and solutions -- Chapter 31. Socio-Ecological transformations in coastal wetlands: an approach from the south-central zone of Chile -- Chapter 32. A Nature-based Solution for coastal foredune restoration: The Case Study of Maghery, County Donegal, Ireland.

Introducing visual criminology / Michelle Brown and Eamonn Carrabine -- Foundations : history, theory methods -- Law, evidence and representation / Katherine Biber -- Social science and visual culture / Eamonn Carrabine -- "We never, never talked about photography" : documentary photography, visual criminology, and method, / Jeff Ferrell -- Crime films and visual criminology / Nicole Rafter -- Key methods of visual criminology : an overview of different approaches and their affordances / Luc Pauwels -- Visions of legitimacy : public criminology, the image and the legitimation of the carceral state / Jonathan Simon -- Carceral geography and the spatialization of carceral studies / Dominique Moran -- Art and its unruly histories : old and new formations / Eamonn Carrabine -- Images and crime -- Making the criminal visible : photography and criminality / Jonathan Finn -- Documentary criminology : a cultural criminological introduction / Keith Hayward -- Going feral : kamp katrina as a case study of documentary criminology / David Redmon -- Mediated suffering / Sandra Walklate -- Media, popular culture and the lone wolf terrorist : the evolution of targeting, tactics and violent ideologies / Mark Hamm and Ramon Spaaji -- Representing the pedophile / Steven Kohm -- Street art, graffiti and urban aesthetics / Alison Young -- Risky business : visual representations in corporate crime films / Gray Cavender and Nancy Jurik -- Crimesploitation / Paul Kaplan and Daniel LaChance -- Images and criminal justice -- In plain view : violence and the police image / Travis Linneman -- The role of the visual in the restoration of social order / Tony Kearon -- Opening a window on probation cultures : a photographic imagination / Anne Worrall, Nicola Carr and Gwen Robinson -- How does the photograph punish? / Phil Carney -- The visual retreat of the prison : non-places for non-people / Yvonne Jewkes, Eleanor Slee and Dominique Moran -- Pervasive punishment : experiencing supervision / Wendy Fitzgibbon, Christine Graebsch and Fergus McNeill -- Graphic justice and criminological aesthetics : visual criminology on the streets of gotham / Thomas Giddens -- Accusing images and images accused -- Staged imagery of killing and torture : ethical and normative dimensions of seeing / Lieve Gies -- Jus des(s)erts' crime and punishment in the Italian last judgement / Lisa Wade -- Visualizing blackness : racializing gameness : social inequalities in virtual gaming communities / Jordan Mazurek and Kishonna Gray -- Visual power and sovereignty : indigenous art and colonialism / Chris Cuneen -- Asylum seekers and moving images : walking, sensorial encounters and visual criminology / Maggie O'Neill -- Visual criminology and cultural memory : the aestheticization of boat people / Jacqueline Wilson Seeing and seeing-as : Building a politics of visibility in criminology / Sarah Armstrong -- The concerned criminologist : refocusing the ethos of socially committed photographic research / Cecile Van de Voorde -- Los angeles, urban history and neo-noir cinema / Gareth Millington -- Against a "humanizing" prison cinema : the prison in twelve landscapes and the politics of abolition imagery / Brett Story -- Future directions -- Fascinated receptivity and the visual unconscious of crime / Stephen Pfohl -- The criminologist as visual scholar in a global mediascape / Michelle Brown -- Sunk capital, sinking prisons, stinking landfills : landscape, ideology, visuality and the carceral state in central appalachia / Judah Schept -- Territorial coding in street art and censure : ernest pignon-ernests contribution to visual criminology / Ronnie Lippens -- Representations of environmental crime and harm : a green-cultural criminological perspective on human-altered landscapes / Avi Brisman -- There's no place like home : encountering crime and criminality in representations of the domestic / Michael Fiddler -- Monstrous nature : a meeting of gothic, green and cultural criminologies / Nigel South.

This book brings together diverse perspectives from the newest generation of scholars from Canada and China to better understand China in the 21st century. It examines China's socio-political structure, its particular relationship with Canada, and interaction with the international community; and discusses how to overcome the ideological differences between the two countries to establish positive and sustainable Canada-China bilateral relations for the future. Importantly, the perspectives are from young authors, with a different relationship to China (and Canada) than more established authors. This compilation helps breathe new life into the study of Sino-Canada relations from both countries, and to reassess and re-frame issues related to China in the 21st century. Huhua Cao is a Full Professor in the University of Ottawa's Department of Geography specializing in urban geography, with the use of geostatistical methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In recent years, Dr. Cao's research has focused on engaging urban indigenous and ethnic minority people in urban contexts using e-participation methods. He has directed numerous international research projects that have received funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC), the International Development of Research Centre (IDRC), the European Union and the Government of China. Professor Cao has also written numerous articles and books related to urban and regional development while collaborating with academics throughout the world. The Sino-Canadian relationship is another research interest of Professor Cao. In 2011 he published The China Challenge: Sino-Canadian Relations in the 21st Century with former Senator Vivienne Poy. China Challenge was selected as one of the 20 most important books in foreign policy in 2011 by Embassy Newspaper.Jeremy Paltiel is Professor of political science at Carleton University in Ottawa and was visiting professor at the department of international relations at Tsinghua University in Beijing in 2009. He received his BA in East Asian Studies from the University of Toronto in 1974, diploma in Philosophy from Peking University in 1976 and his MA (1979) and PhD (1984) in political science from the University of California, Berkeley. He has published widely on China and its foreign relations. This includes articles on human rights and the Chinese culture, the elite politics of the Chinese Communist Party, Civil-Military relations and Sino-Canadian relations. He co-ordinated the Chinese domestic background theme of the Canadian International Council's China Working Group and authored two of its papers: 'Canada in China's Grand Strategy' and 'Structure and Process in China's Foreign Policy Making - implications for Canada.' More recently he published 'Reimagining Canada's Present and Future in the Shadow of China's Rise,' the concluding chapter in Huhua Cao and Vivienne Poy eds., The China Challenge: Sino-Canadian Relations in the 21st Century. He is the author of The Empire's New Clothes: Cultural Particularism and Universality in China's Rise to Global Status (Palgrave, 2007) and 'Mencius and World Order Theories'(2010), 'China's Regionalization Policies: Illiberal internationalism or Neo-Mencian Benevolence?' (2009) 'Peaceful Rise? Soft Power? Human Rights in China's New Multilateralism'(2007). In 2014 he was awarded an SSHRC Insight grant in the amount of $425,000 to study Canada's relations with China and the Asia-Pacific.

This open access book offers an overview of the beautiful, powerful, and dynamic array of opportunities to promote health through the arts from theoretical, methodological, pedagogical, and critical perspectives. This is the first-known text to connect the disparate inter-disciplinary literatures into a coherent volume for health promotion practitioners, researchers, and teachers. It provides a one-stop depository for using the arts as tools for health promotion in many settings and as bridges across communities, cultures, and sectors. The diverse applications of the arts in health promotion transcend the multiple contexts within which health is created, i.e., individual, community, and societal levels, and has a number of potential health, aesthetic, and social outcomes. Topics covered within the chapters include: Exploring the Potential of the Arts to Promote Health and Social Justice Drawing as a Salutogenic Therapy Aid for Grieving Adolescents in Botswana Community Theater for Health Promotion in Japan From Arts to Action: Project SHINE as a Case Study of Engaging Youth in Efforts to Develop Sustainable Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Strategies in Rural Tanzania and India Movimiento Ventana: An Alternative Proposal to Mental Health in Nicaragua Using Art to Bridge Research and Policy: An Initiative of the United States National Academy of Medicine Arts and Health Promotion is an innovative and engaging resource for a broad audience including practitioners, researchers, university instructors, and artists. It is an important text for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses, particularly in program planning, research methods (especially qualitative methodology), community health, and applied art classes. The book also is useful for professional development among current health promotion practitioners, community nurses, community psychologists, public health professionals, and social workers.

List of maps and images List of contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: An Open-Ended and Contingent History of Human Rights Jean H. Quataert and Lora Wildenthal Part 1. The New Internationalism 2. John Anderson - Slave, Refugee, and Freedom Fighter: A Human Rights Campaign in the Age of Empire Caroline Shaw 3. Investigating and Ameliorating Atrocities in the Nineteenth Century: International Commissions of Inquiry in the Balkans (1876-1880) Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe 4. Reclaiming Congo Reform for the History of Human Rights Mairi S. MacDonald 5. The Red Cross and the Laws of War, 1863-1949: International Rights Activism before Human Rights Kimberly Lowe Part 2. The Interwar Era: The League of Nations 6. United in their Quest for Peace? Transnational Women Activists between the World Wars Marie Sandell 7. The "Rights of Man" and Sex Equality: International Human Rights Discourses in the 1930s Regula Ludi Part 3. The Formative UN Era A. UN Treaty Making 8. Social and Economic Rights: The Struggle for Equivalent Protection Claire-Michelle Smyth 9. Islam and UN Human Rights Treaty Ratification in the Middle East: The Impact of International Law on Diplomacy Rachel A. George 10. When the War Came: The Child Rights Convention and the Conflation of Human Rights and the Laws of War Linde Lindkvist B. Decolonization 11. "Why Then Call It the Declaration of Human Rights?" The Failures of Universal Human Rights in Colonial Africa's Internationally Supervised Territories Meredith Terretta 12. Decolonization, Development, and Identity: The Evolution of the Anticolonial Human Rights Critique, 1948-1978 Roland Burke 13. "When You are Weak, You Have to Stick to Principles": Botswana and Anti-Colonialism in Human Rights History James Christian Kirby C. Socialist and Capitalist Versions of Human Rights 14. The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Gender of Economic Rights Eileen Boris and Jill Jensen 15. Human Rights Movements and the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Explaining the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 Ned Richardson-Little 16. Human Rights in China: Resisting Orthodoxy Pitman B. Potter 17. Continuity and Change in U.S. Human Rights Policy Sarah B. Snyder Part 4. After Formal Empire and the Cold War: How Human Rights are Practiced Around the Globe (1980s-2001) 18. The Universality of Human Rights: Early NGO Practices in the Arab World Catherine Baylin Dureya 19. How Women Become Human: Chilean Contributions to Women's Human Rights from Dictatorship to the 21st Century Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney 20. The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo: From Dictatorship to Democracy Jennifer Adair 21. Asma Jahangir: Personifying the Human Rights Debate in Pakistan Afiya Shehrbano Zia Part 5. The Universal Human Rights Pantheon in National Contexts 22. Freedom of Religion and the New Diversity: Case Studies from Canada Lori G. Beaman 23. Indigenous Activism for Human Rights: A Case Study from Australia Rachel Standfield and Lynette Russell 24. The International LGBT Rights Movement: An Introductory History Laura A. Belmonte 25. Rights in Isolation: Lessons on Public Health and Human Rights from Leprosy and HIV in the Pacific Islands Adam R Houston Part 6. New Forms of Accountability in a National Security World (2001 to the Present) 26. Decentralization and Public-Private Diplomacy in the Business and Human Rights Field Steven S. Nam 27. The Selectivity of Universal Jurisdiction: The History of Transnational Human Rights Prosecutions in Latin America and Spain Ulrike Capdepón 28. Militarized Sexual Violence and Campaigns for Redress Vera Mackie 29. Solidarity Rights and the Common Heritage of Humanity Anca Claudia Prodan 30. Intellectual Property Law and Human Rights Steven Wilf 31. Caged at the Border: Immigration Detention and the Denial of Human Rights to Asylum Seekers and Other Migrants Stephanie J. Silverman and Petra Molnar Part 7. The Transformative Impact of Human Rights on Knowledge 32. Archiving Human Rights in Latin America: Transitional Justice and Shifting Visions of Political Change Michelle Carmody 33. Emotion in the History of Human Rights: A Case Study of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights Christine Lavrence 34. From the Classroom to the Public: Engaging Students in Human Rights History Jessica M. Frazier A Bibliography on the History of Human Rights Index

Part 1. Putting LGBTQ Issues on the Map -- 1. Maps of LGBT Issues Across the Globe (Stanley D. Brunn, Donna Gilbreath and Richard Gilbreath) -- 2. Representing the Perception of Violence in São Paulo, Brazil in Mental Maps: Queer Cartography as a Theoretical and Methodological Approach (Vinicius Santos Almeida) -- 3. Policy Makes a Family: Croatian LGBTQ Movement and the Struggle for Fostering Rights (Natalija Stepanović) -- 4. Law and Morality: Evolution of LGBT Rights in Estonia, Hungary and Poland—from Communist Past to Current Reality (Lehte Roots) -- 5. Queerness and Performance (un)doing the Map: Perspectives from the Global South (Kaciano Gadelha) -- 6. Representing the Hijras of South Asia: Toward Transregional and Global Flows (Aniruddha Dutta, Adnan Hossain and Claire Pamment) -- 7. Bench Love in Daneshjoo Park: Queering Public Spaces and Pedagogy for the Public in Teheran (Jón Ingvar Kjaran and Mohammad Naeimi) -- 8. LGBTQ+ Topographies: An Analysis of Socio-spatial Interactions by Mapping of Social Media in São Paulo and Berlin (Maycon Sedrez) -- 9. "The Whole Neighborhood is Becoming Gay!" Reflections on the Effects of Geolocated Dating Apps on the Practice and Perception of the Urban Space of Gay Men in Major French Cities (Clément Nicolle with translation by Nicholas Sowels) -- Part 2. Challenging Knowledge Production -- 10. Re-signifying Political Spatiality and Spatial Politics of all-Gender Spaces in New York (Stephanie Bonvissuto) -- 11. Enhancing the Erotic as Power: Sexuality and Pleasure in Feminist, Lesbian and Queer Spaces in Rome and Madrid (Giada Bonu) -- 12. Measuring Global Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: A Critical Review of LGBT indexes (Jaime Barrientos and Bladimir González) -- 13. Thinking Critically about 'Men who have Sex with Men' Data Collection and use in the Global South: Examples from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Andrew Tucker) -- 14. Gay Men Living with HIV in England and Italy in Times of Undetectability: A Life Course Perspective (Cesare Di Feliciantonio) -- 15. How Gay Men Viewed old Gay Men when they were Young or First Came out (Peter B. Robinson and Paul Simpson) -- 16. The Changing Geography of Homosexuality in Santiago de Chile: Is the Individual a New Space for Analysis? (Pablo Astudillo Lizama) -- 17. Dangerous Liaisons: Neoliberal Tropes of the 'Normal' and 'Middle-class Respectability' in the Post-socialist LG(BT) Activism (Roberto Kulpa) -- 18. When the City Calls: Mapping Indigenous Australian Queer Placemaking in Sydney (Corrinne T. Sullivan) -- 19. LGBT People in Small and Medium Villages: Spatial Analyses of Everyday Experiences in a Catalan Region (Maria Rodó-Zárate) -- Part 3. Making LGBTQ Places and Spaces Visible -- 20. Toward a Queering of the Right to the City: Insights from the Tensions in LGBTIQ+ politics in Geneva, the "Capital of Peace" (Karine Duplan) -- 21. Space and Identity: Comparing the Production of Queer Spaces in Amsterdam and Hong Kong (Katie Poltz) -- 22. When the Gay Village is Somewhere else: Reflections on LGBTQ+ Public Policies in Catalan Rural Areas (Jose Antonio Langarita, Jordi Mas Grau and Pilar Albertín Carbó) -- 23. When a Kiss is not Just a Kiss? Geographies of Lesbian and Gay Intimacy in France (Marianne Blidon) -- 24. Parading for the Future: Queer Temporalities of Pride in an Ordinary Israeli City (Gilly Hartal, Adi Moreno and Yossi David) -- 25. A decade of Prague Pride: Mapping Origins, Seeking Meanings, Understanding Effects (Michal Pitoňák) -- 26. Resisting pinkwashing: Adaptive Queerness in Vancouver Pride Parades (Andy Holmes) -- 27. On being Trans in Norway: Negotiating Belonging Through and within the (cis)gender Imaginary (france rose hartline) -- 28. Recognition or Othering? Trans*Representation in Russian Media (Tania Zabolotnaya and Katharina Wiedlack) -- Part 4. Resisting Oppression and Violence -- 29. The 'S' Factor: Feminist and Queer Movements and the Production of Safer Spaces in Urban Contexts in Rome and Madrid (Giada Bonu) -- 30. Gender Violence and Public Spaces in France and the United Kingdom: Contributions by Trans Studies to Feminist Geographies (Milan Bonté) -- 31. Displaying (trans)gender in Space and Time: Deconstructing Spatial Binaries of Violence and Security in the UK and Portugal (Ana Cristina Marques) -- 32. Out in the Country and in the city: Discourses and Practices of Being out in the Hungarian LGBTQ Community (Rita Béres-Deák) -- 33. Limiting Queerness: Finding the Spatiality and Spatial Boundaries of LGBTQ+ Community Centers (Stephanie Bonvissuto) -- 34. Queer Vietnamese Youths' Manoeuvring and (re)negotiation of Filial Duties: Becoming the Good Citizen (Silje Mathisen) -- 35. Resilience in the Face of Heteronormativity: Experiences of non-heterosexual Young Women in the Family Home in Manresa, Catalonia (Júlia Pascual Bordas) -- 36. Lesbian Life in a French Prison: Surveillance, Refuge and Self-naming (Natacha Chetcuti-Osorovitz with Translation by Sandrine Sanos) -- 37. "It's not About Surviving; it's About Protecting Ourselves": An Exploratory Field Study on Male Homosexuality in French Working-class Neighbourhoods (Axel Ravier) -- Part 5. Building LGBTQ Community and Perspectives -- 38. Experiencing Double Penalty for Being Gay and Asian in the West: How Intersection Modifies Migration Decisions of South Korean Gays and Lesbians (Marion Gilbert) -- 39. LGBTQ+ Choirs, Community Music, Queer Artistic Citizenship in London (Thomas R. Hilder) -- 40. An Emerging World of LGBT Stamps: (Stanley D. Brunn) -- 41. The Other Side of Laugavegur: Past Queer Spaces in Reykjavik (Ásta Kristín Benediktsdóttir and Jón Ingvar Kjaran) -- 42. Gay Inheritance Decisions: Family of Choice or Family of Origin (Peter B. Robinson) -- 43. Childhood Schools and the Ideal Citizen: Efforts to Support LGBTQ Children in Australian Schools in the 1980s and 2000s (Scott McKinnon) -- 44. Teaching Teenagers about Gender Norms and Sexuality Through Spatiality in French Rurality (Alix Teffo Sanchez) -- 45. Trans Mobility across Borders: Towards an Intersectional Account of Trans Diaspora in Migration Studies (Victor Jorquera, Andrés Di Masso and Marianne Blidon).

Introduction -- Part I. Historical Perspectives -- Vertebrates of Upper Mesopotamia: Present Evidence and Archaeological Data -- Fishing Gears and Methods: A Comparison of Ancient Mesopotamia and Other Ancient Worlds -- Ichthyological Characteristics Available in the Fish Images Existed in the Art of the Ancient Mesopotamia -- The Effectiveness of Ancient Mesopotamian Medical Practices: The Example of šūšu-Licorice -- Part II. The Abiotic Aspects of the Tigris–Euphrates River System -- Management of Water Resources Using Storage Reservoirs -- Estimation of Irrigated Agricultural Area and Water Consumption in Iraq -- The Nature of Tigris–Euphrates Rivers Flow: Current Status and Future Prospective -- Streamflow Alteration Impacts with Particular Reference to the Lower Zab River, Tributary of the Tigris River -- Ecohydrology in Iraq: Challenges and its Future Pathways -- Oil Pollution in the Shatt Al-Arab River and its Estuary 1980–2018 -- Pesticides in the Waters, Sediments, and Biota of the Shatt Al-Arab River for the Period 1980–2017 -- Surface Water Salinity of the Euphrates, Tigris, and Shatt al-Arab Rivers -- Renewable Energy for Water–Energy Nexus in Euphrates and Tigris River Basin: A Literature Review -- Impacts of Dams on Aquatic Biodiversity, Fisheries, Fishes and Their Environment: Problems that Could Be Present in Iraq with Recommendations -- Water, Politics and Dams in the Mesopotamia Basin of the Northern Middle East: How Turkey Instrumentalises the South-Eastern Anatolia Project for Political, Military and Strategic Interests -- Dams and their Impacts on Fishes in Iran -- Part III. The Biotic Aspects of the Tigris–Euphrates River System -- Preliminary Review of the Aquatic Biodiversity in Al-Kahla River, Missan Province, Iraq -- Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Iraq: Importance, Threats, Status, and Conservation Challenges -- Effect of Climate Changes on the Freshwater Biodiversity in the Mesopotamian Plain: Recommendations for Avoidance and Plans for the Future -- River Corridors as a Refuge for Freshwater Biodiversity: Basic Information and Recommendations to the Policymakers for Possible Implications in Iraq -- Biodiversity of Fungi in Aquatic Environment of Iraq -- Potability of Drinking Water in Basra-Iraq -- Algal Studies in Iraqi Inland Waters. A Review -- The Distribution of Epilitic Diatoms in the Turkish Part of the Tigris-Euphrates River Basin -- Plant Biodiversity in Shatt Al-Arab Estuary and Ecological Variations -- Medicinal Plants of Shatt al-Arab River and Adjacent Area -- The Role of Plants as a Canopy in the Inland Waters: Basic Information for Application in Iraq -- The Zooplankton Fauna of the Turkish Part of the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin -- Kinds and Distribution of Icthyoplankton in Shatt Al-Arab River -- Rotifer Diversity in Iranian Waters: A Review -- Biodiversity of the Freshwater Amphipods in Iran -- The Freshwater Molluscs of the Mesopotamian Plain -- Freshwater Annelida of Iraq -- A Critical Checklist of the Inland Fishes Native to the Euphrates and Tigris Drainages -- Fish Fauna of Shatt al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq: A More than Quarter a Century of Changes -- The Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio: Effect on the Environment and the Indigenous Fish Species in Iraq -- The Good and the Bad in Releasing the Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Freshwater System: Recommendations for the Policymakers in Iraq -- The Avifauna of Tigris and Euphrates River Basin -- The Feasible Approaches to Assist Migratory Birds Visiting the Southern Reaches of Mesopotamia -- A Proposal for Establishing Bird Observatory Centre in the South of Iraq -- The Potential Role of Waterbirds as a Vector in Dispersing Invertebrates and Plants in the South of Iraq -- The Wild Mammals of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Basin -- The Amphibians and Reptiles of Euphrates and Tigris Basin -- A Preliminary Pictorial Guide to the Herpetofauna of Tigris and Euphrates River Basin -- Policy Guidance for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Inland Waters of Iraq -- How Possible to Use the Desert Area in Iraq for Aquaculture Industry: Basic Facts and Recommondations -- Aquaculture Industry in Iraq: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives -- Towards an Improved Tilapia Farming in Iraq: Recommendations for Future Application -- Information and Recommendations of Aquaculture Stress and its Source in Hatcheries: The Iraqi Aquaculture Industry Investors -- Exotic and Invasive Freshwater Fishes in the Tigris-Euphrates River System -- Part IV. Water Resources -- The Ecology and Modelling of the Freshwater Ecosystems in Iran -- Enhancing Rural Women's Participation in Fisheries in Iraq -- The Impact of Destructive Fishing Gear on the Fish Biodiversity in the Inland Waters of Iraq -- Evaluating Variations in Fisheries by Means of Fishers' Information: Suggested Methodology to Improve Small-Scale Fisheries in Rivers in Iraq -- A Possibility to Apply a Traditional Fisheries Enforcement Programme in the Inland Waters of Iraq -- Market-Resource Relations and Fish Seller Livelihood as Seen in Inland Waters of Iraq -- The Potential Impact of Deformities in Fishes upon Aquatic Production: Case of Iraq -- The Impact of some Social Taboos on Fisheries in Iraq -- Inland Water Fishes and Fisheries in Iran -- The Possibility of Introducing an Inland Fisheries Education in Iraq -- The Marine and Diadromous Fisheries of Iraq -- Part V. Stress of the Environment of the Two Rivers -- Fish Deformities in the Freshwater Fishes of Iraq: A Short Review and a Study Case on the Indian Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis -- The Phenomenon of Fluctuating Asymmetry: As Fish Welfare Indicator Represented by Case Study from the Freshwater Fishes of Iraq -- The Studies on Sediments Pollution by Different Types of Metals in Turkey -- Macroplastic and Microplastic in the Freshwater Environment of Southern Iraq: Evidences Obtained from Freshwater Fish Species -- Heavy Metals in Freshwater Invertebrates of Iran: A Review on the Bioaccumulation and Effects -- Fish Parasites of Tigris and Euphrates River Systems -- The Parasites of Fishes of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers: Iraq and Turkey -- Ornamental Fishes: A Looming Danger for Inland Fish Diversity of Iraq -- Part VI. The Health of the Human Community Inhabiting Freshwater Zones -- Aquatic Snails as a Vector of Diseases to the Human in Iran -- Death by Drowning in Rivers in Iraq -- The Dangerous Catfish Species in the Freshwater System of Iraq: First Time Reports on Cases of Envenomation -- Fish Species of the Order Cypriniformes as a Source of Ichthyootoxin and Ichthyogallotoxin in Iraq: Cases Reports -- First Reports on Cases of Hallucinatory Fish Poisoning (Ichthyoallyeinotoxism) and Scombrotoxic Fish Poisoning in Iraq -- Part. VII. Conservation -- Freshwater Management and Conservation in Iran: Past, Present, and Future -- The Need of Biodiversity Conservation Strategies in Iraq: The State of Protected Areas -- Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Turkey -- Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation in Iraq: Recommendations for Management -- Utilising Phenotypic Difference to Regulate Protection Value: A Scheme for Application of a Novel Approach to the Inland Water of Iraq -- Hatchery-Reared Fish Stocks Released into the Wild: A Conservation Problem as Seen in a Case Study from Iraq -- Part VIII. Social Perspectives -- Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full? An Appraisal of the Four Decades of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) -- Part IX. Food Security -- How Possible to Build Rice–Fish Farming in Iraq in order to Support Food Security Plan: Positive and the Negative Aspects -- The Importance of Non-commercial and Small-Sized Fish Species: A Proposal for an Additional Revenue to Iraq -- Sociocultural Aspects Influence Food Consumption Habits in Iraq: Management of Food Security -- A Preliminary Investigation of Determinants of Food Security in Rural Areas of Basrah Province, Iraq.