Suchergebnisse

Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 respondents, this article argues that contrary to claims by the 1994 Zapatista insurgency, indigenous and nonindigenous respondents in southern Mexico have been united more by socioeconomic and land tenure institution variables than by ethnic identity. Based on statistical models, it concludes that in rural southern Mexico, ethnicity alone is less important in shaping peoples' attitudes than whether the dominant land tenure institutions are the 'communitarian' state-penetrated ejidos (communitarian collective farms) of Chiapas or the more 'individualist' so-called communal lands of Oaxaca. It concludes by affirming that-contrary to many analysts of Chiapas's 1994 indigenous rebellion-external influences (here state-established land tenure institutions) can trump ideology in framing social movements. Rural Chiapas's prevalent communitarian attitudes seem to have resulted partly from exogenous land tenure institutions (ejidos) rather than from endogenous indigenous identities alone, as claimed by Zapatistas and scholars. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2009.]

The case studies explored in this volume show how indigenous communities from North America, South America, and Asia have articulated their collective interests within the context of development. This global perspective reveals at least three recurring dilemmas: Who defines the indigenous group and toward what end? How do such groups assert these identities and claims against the nation state, even as they depend on that state for legitimacy? In a fast-globalizing world of placelessness, how and why do they articulate socio-spatial identities? Presenting these cases together offers a constructive platform for better understanding conflicts between globalization and specific localities as well as indigenous reactions to development planning.

Jodi A. Byrd and Joseph M. Pierce discuss the Supreme Court decisions Dobbs v. Jackson and Haaland v. Brackeen, which upheld the legality of the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. In this wide-ranging conversation, the authors reflect on "what Indigenous studies and queer studies can bring together," considering Indigenous dispossession, kinship, settler colonialism, sovereignty, and reciprocity, among many other subjects.

Social development scholars and practitioners have long advocated an important role for indigenization and grassroots participation in designing and implementing social development programs. Because of the recognized connection between health and social development, they have increasingly advocated for more indigenous and participatory approaches in conducting health assessments and in the delivery of health programs of relevance to individuals, families and communities. This article presents a rationale for such participatory approaches and the arguments are illustrated by case studies from two different cultural contexts. French Les chercheurs et les practiciens dans le secteur du développement social préconisent depuis longtemps l'importance d'un rôle autochtone et tenant compte de la base de la société dans la planification et la mise en application de programmes de développement social. Reconnaissant le lien entre la santé et le développement social, ils recommandent une plus grande participation indigène dans l'évaluation de la santé et la mise en application de programmes de santé pertinents pour les individus, les familles et les communautés. Le présent article argumente en faveur d'une approche participative et illustre ses raisons pour ce faire à l'aide de deux études de cas provenant de deux différents contextes culturels. Spanish Estudiosos y practicantes del desarrollo social han asignado, desde hace tiempo, un papel importante a la participación indigenista y popular en el diseño e implementación de los programas de desarrollo social. A partir del reconocimiento de la conexión entre desarrollo social y salud, se han abocado a promover el aumento de la participación indígena en la conducción de las asesorías en salud y en el desarrollo de programas de salud de relevancia para individuos, familias y comunidades. Este trabajo presenta el fundamento de este tipo de acercamiento participativo y los argumentos se ilustran a partir de estudios de caso en dos contextos culturales diferentes.

"Since the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) childrens rights have assumed a central position in a wide variety of disciplines and policies. This handbook offers an engaging overview of the contemporary research landscape for those people in the theory and practice of childrens rights. The volume to childrens rights, as well as key thematic issues in childrens rights at the intersection of global and local concerns. The main approaches and topics within the volume are: Law, social work, the sociology of childhood and anthropology Geography, childhood studies, gender studies and citizenship studies Participation, education and health Juvenile justice and alternative care Violence against children and female genital mutilation Child labour, working children and child poverty Migration, indigenous children and resource exploitation The specially commissioned chapters have been written by renowned scholars and researchers and come together to provide a critical and invaluable guide to the challenges and dilemmas currently facing childrens rights"--

Among students of Latin America, the existence of sizable Indian communities within the region has provoked a lively debate about the relationship between ethnicity and social class. Such communities have failed to become part of class society, it is often said, because they retain those customs and traditions which arose under colonialism, because in some sense they remain encapsulated to this day within the feudal social order. A few experts even claim that these customs have themselves become the primary agent of economic and political exploitation in various rural areas.1According to this view, native people have accepted more or less passively a culture which was designed for them by Spanish missionaries and administrators, a culture which emphasized ethnic difference at the expense of class solidarity.2In contrast to these ideas, contemporary events provide us with many indications that such people did not simply resign themselves to the fate which colonial authorities elected for them, Of primary importance, native uprisings and rebellions, messianic movements and religious heresies occurred in Latin America with astonishing frequency throughout the centuries which preceded Independence. By analyzing these movements, then, and particularly the convictions which moved their participants to action, we may formulate a more coherent view of Spanish colonialism — a view which also helps us to understand the question of ethnicity among Indians today.

This article examines the way in which politics amongst the indigenous
population became nationalised between the years 1826 and 1921. The problem
of land ownership is presented as the catalyst of a process of public action and
apprenticeship combining rebellions, legal battles and patronage agreements. The
joint analysis of these actions allows, first, the refutation of the image of the
Indians as pre-political, passive, incomprehensible and alien to all that was
Western; second, to emphasise the important effect the national discourse had on
the response of the Indians; and, third, to show the indigenous interest in taking
part in the prevailing national project.

Background Small mammals are important reservoirs for pathogens in military conflicts and peacekeeping operations all over the world. This study investigates the rodent communities in three military bases in Northern Afghanistan. Small mammals were collected in this conflict zone as part of Army pest control measures from 2009 to 2012 and identified phenotypically as well as by molecular biological methods. Results The analysis of the collected small mammals showed that their communities are heavily dominated by the house mouse Mus musculus and to a lesser extent Cricetulus migratorius and Meriones libycus. The origin of M. musculus specimens was analyzed by DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and D-loop sequences. All animals tested belonged to the Mus musculus musculus subspecies indigenous to Afghanistan. The results were supported by detection of two nucleotide exchanges in the DNA polymerase gene of Mus musculus Rhadinovirus 1 (MmusRHV1), a herpesvirus, which is specific for all gene sequences from Afghan house mice, but absent in the MmusRHV1 sequences of German and British house mice. Studies of astrovirus RNA polymerase gene sequences did not yield sufficient resolution power for a similarly conclusive result. Conclusions House mouse populations in military camps in Northern Afghanistan are indigenous and have not been imported from Europe. Nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in MmusRHV1 DNA polymerase gene might be used as an additional phylogeographic marker for house mice.

Fred Cahir tells the story about the magnitude of Aboriginal involvement on the Victorian goldfields in the middle of the nineteenth century. The first history of Aboriginal–white interaction on the Victorian goldfields, Black Gold offers new insights on one of the great epochs in Australian and world history—the gold story.

In vivid detail it describes how Aboriginal people often figured significantly in the search for gold and documents the devastating social impact of gold mining on Victorian Aboriginal communities. It reveals the complexity of their involvement from passive presence, to active discovery, to shunning the goldfields.

This detailed examination of Aboriginal people on the goldfields of Victoria provides striking evidence which demonstrates that Aboriginal people participated in gold mining and interacted with non-Aboriginal people in a range of hitherto neglected ways.

Running through this book are themes of Aboriginal empowerment, identity, integration, resistance, social disruption and communication.