Suchergebnisse

In psychoanalysis clinical practice, the sexual always is confronted to gender's issues ; gender as social sex butalso as a discursive category producing sexed body and questionning a particular time's subjectivity. We haveinvestigated those questions from the perspective of norms, taking into account its incorporation and attachment inthe identification process. This will involve thinking about the concept of "sexual difference" theorical and politicalshortcomings, in order to propose a clinical approach that takes into account social changes related to sexuality and toinvent new ways to « do politics ». The fetichization of sexual difference, it seems to me, is a obstacle to theoreticaland clinical work's advancement. My daily clinical practice as a clinical psychologist in the hospital urologydepartment, where I see people suffering in their sexuality, opened upfor me the benefits of a multidisciplinaryapproach, particulary in gender and feminist studies. These ones appeared to me allowing psychoanalysis to remain acritical perspective of the norms, seen as a "grammar of subjectivation" ; allow also to investigate the link betweenmodes of submission, desire of norms and sexual suffering, and lastly to be able to hear the complaint, the symptom,as a singularity, a resistance to social norms. The approach of the sexual difference seen from the gender perspectiveopen up for psychoanalysis new configurations of desire, symbolic, power and sexuation, allowing a differentarticulation of the individual and collective, of the social actor and the unconscious. We may attain a psychoanalyticalapproach that doesn't see as pathology, gender, sex and sexuality's configurations which contest the binary conceptionof sexual difference and its assignations, withing the central question, the political treatment of " difference". ; Le sexuel à l'oeuvre dans la clinique psychanalytique s'avère toujours traversé par des enjeux de genre, genre commesexe social mais aussi comme catégorie discursive produisant le corps sexué et ...

In psychoanalysis clinical practice, the sexual always is confronted to gender's issues ; gender as social sex butalso as a discursive category producing sexed body and questionning a particular time's subjectivity. We haveinvestigated those questions from the perspective of norms, taking into account its incorporation and attachment inthe identification process. This will involve thinking about the concept of "sexual difference" theorical and politicalshortcomings, in order to propose a clinical approach that takes into account social changes related to sexuality and toinvent new ways to « do politics ». The fetichization of sexual difference, it seems to me, is a obstacle to theoreticaland clinical work's advancement. My daily clinical practice as a clinical psychologist in the hospital urologydepartment, where I see people suffering in their sexuality, opened upfor me the benefits of a multidisciplinaryapproach, particulary in gender and feminist studies. These ones appeared to me allowing psychoanalysis to remain acritical perspective of the norms, seen as a "grammar of subjectivation" ; allow also to investigate the link betweenmodes of submission, desire of norms and sexual suffering, and lastly to be able to hear the complaint, the symptom,as a singularity, a resistance to social norms. The approach of the sexual difference seen from the gender perspectiveopen up for psychoanalysis new configurations of desire, symbolic, power and sexuation, allowing a differentarticulation of the individual and collective, of the social actor and the unconscious. We may attain a psychoanalyticalapproach that doesn't see as pathology, gender, sex and sexuality's configurations which contest the binary conceptionof sexual difference and its assignations, withing the central question, the political treatment of " difference". ; Le sexuel à l'oeuvre dans la clinique psychanalytique s'avère toujours traversé par des enjeux de genre, genre commesexe social mais aussi comme catégorie discursive produisant le corps sexué et ...

International audience ; This article analyzes communication concerning natural hazards in mountain regions. It draws on the actual policies of "preventive information" that involve researchers in the production of scientific expertise with a social and political aim. Communication is analyzed here through the prism of Information and Communication Sciences (ICS), rather than as a phenomenon of the dissemination of information requiring improvement. This study is based on an interdisciplinary "action-research" program (Geography and ICS) carried out in the Hautes-Alpes and Haute-Savoie regions over a period of three years. This article acts as an empirical and reflective object and provides a point of entry into the mountain terrain. The article analyzes contemporary changes in public communication aimed at changing individuals' behavior relating to the environment in "at-risk" regions. Drawing on this experience, and on a critical approach in ICS, we seek to propose interdisciplinary dialogue on the dynamics of research and the production of knowledge about mountain regions. ; Cet article analyse la communication sur les risques naturels en montagne à partir des politiques publiques d'« information préventive » déployées, enrôlant les chercheurs dans la production d'une expertise scientifique à visée sociopolitique. La communication est ici abordée au prisme des Sciences de l'information et de la communication (SIC) plutôt que comme un phénomène de diffusion d'information à améliorer. L'analyse s'appuie sur une « recherche-action » interdisciplinaire (géographie et SIC) menée dans les Hautes-Alpes et en Haute-Savoie pendant trois ans, mobilisée dans cet article comme objet empirique et réflexif mais aussi point d'entrée sur le terrain montagnard. L'article analyse les mutations contemporaines de la communication publique visant à faire évoluer les comportements des individus dans le domaine de l'environnement au sein de territoires « à risques ». Le but est d'ouvrir, à partir de cette expérience et d'une approche critique en SIC, un dialogue interdisciplinaire sur les dynamiques de recherche et de production des savoirs sur la montagne.

International audience ; This article analyzes communication concerning natural hazards in mountain regions. It draws on the actual policies of "preventive information" that involve researchers in the production of scientific expertise with a social and political aim. Communication is analyzed here through the prism of Information and Communication Sciences (ICS), rather than as a phenomenon of the dissemination of information requiring improvement. This study is based on an interdisciplinary "action-research" program (Geography and ICS) carried out in the Hautes-Alpes and Haute-Savoie regions over a period of three years. This article acts as an empirical and reflective object and provides a point of entry into the mountain terrain. The article analyzes contemporary changes in public communication aimed at changing individuals' behavior relating to the environment in "at-risk" regions. Drawing on this experience, and on a critical approach in ICS, we seek to propose interdisciplinary dialogue on the dynamics of research and the production of knowledge about mountain regions. ; Cet article analyse la communication sur les risques naturels en montagne à partir des politiques publiques d'« information préventive » déployées, enrôlant les chercheurs dans la production d'une expertise scientifique à visée sociopolitique. La communication est ici abordée au prisme des Sciences de l'information et de la communication (SIC) plutôt que comme un phénomène de diffusion d'information à améliorer. L'analyse s'appuie sur une « recherche-action » interdisciplinaire (géographie et SIC) menée dans les Hautes-Alpes et en Haute-Savoie pendant trois ans, mobilisée dans cet article comme objet empirique et réflexif mais aussi point d'entrée sur le terrain montagnard. L'article analyse les mutations contemporaines de la communication publique visant à faire évoluer les comportements des individus dans le domaine de l'environnement au sein de territoires « à risques ». Le but est d'ouvrir, à partir de cette expérience et d'une approche critique en SIC, un dialogue interdisciplinaire sur les dynamiques de recherche et de production des savoirs sur la montagne.

International audience ; This article analyzes communication concerning natural hazards in mountain regions. It draws on the actual policies of "preventive information" that involve researchers in the production of scientific expertise with a social and political aim. Communication is analyzed here through the prism of Information and Communication Sciences (ICS), rather than as a phenomenon of the dissemination of information requiring improvement. This study is based on an interdisciplinary "action-research" program (Geography and ICS) carried out in the Hautes-Alpes and Haute-Savoie regions over a period of three years. This article acts as an empirical and reflective object and provides a point of entry into the mountain terrain. The article analyzes contemporary changes in public communication aimed at changing individuals' behavior relating to the environment in "at-risk" regions. Drawing on this experience, and on a critical approach in ICS, we seek to propose interdisciplinary dialogue on the dynamics of research and the production of knowledge about mountain regions. ; Cet article analyse la communication sur les risques naturels en montagne à partir des politiques publiques d'« information préventive » déployées, enrôlant les chercheurs dans la production d'une expertise scientifique à visée sociopolitique. La communication est ici abordée au prisme des Sciences de l'information et de la communication (SIC) plutôt que comme un phénomène de diffusion d'information à améliorer. L'analyse s'appuie sur une « recherche-action » interdisciplinaire (géographie et SIC) menée dans les Hautes-Alpes et en Haute-Savoie pendant trois ans, mobilisée dans cet article comme objet empirique et réflexif mais aussi point d'entrée sur le terrain montagnard. L'article analyse les mutations contemporaines de la communication publique visant à faire évoluer les comportements des individus dans le domaine de l'environnement au sein de territoires « à risques ». Le but est d'ouvrir, à partir de cette expérience et d'une ...

Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g. religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19 and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5,323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between Masculinity, Collectivism and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among US citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, Collectivism, r = .31, 95%CI = [.15; 47] and Masculinity, r = .39, 95%CI = [.18; 59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual-differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The study reported in the article aimed to contribute data towards answering the following research questions: 1 /Are newborn individual differences relevant for infant developmental outcome? 2 / Can any continuity be found between neonatal and infant behavioural characteristics? 3 / Are maternal behavioural styles influenced by the newborn individual characteristics? 4 / Do initial maternal interactional styles explain the variations of early infant developmental outcome? The subjects of the study were twenty-four preterm infants. Data were collected in three waves. The mother-infant dyads were observed in free interaction as soon as the babies could be handled in room air. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered at 50-52-day s postconceptional age. At 6-8 months corrected ages the infants were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. According to the results perinatal state had limited effects on neonatal behaviour. None of the variables from earlier measurement points predicted the developmental level at 6-8 months. However, the significant correlations found between bnbas scores and the bsid behaviour ratings suggest that the bnbas was able to tap individual characteristics of neonatal behavioural organisation which had long-term implications. Measures of term-time maternal behaviour did not contribute to the prediction.

It is argued that a multi-dimensional approach is often more useful for studying early development than an uni dimensional (I) one. Two of its' advantages are discussed. The first one is that analysis of individual difference in behaviour, often neglected in the field although it contributes to understanding development, is usually only possible within a relatively ample set of data. It will be shown that the latter are therefore less likely to lead to negative results (2) than data concentrating upon a single or only a few measures. Secondly, multidimensional studies may allow reasonable interpretation of the results in terms of intervening variables, whereas the same way of proceeding within a uni-dimensional study may be misleading. Besides from widening possibilities for speculation guiding further research, the use of intervening variables can be of help for improving observational or experimental situations.

The articles in this volume reflect the work carried on during a seminar organized by an interdisciplinary center at the Free University of Brussels. While the seminar was organized with sufficient flexibility to allow different participants to pursue their own research interests, all of the articles focus on at least one of the two central themes for the year. These themes are the ways in which cultural & social knowledge are transmitted across time & between & among individuals & the ways in which human conceptions of space & time are culturally determined. D. Knaff

Are individual differences in body mass index (BMI) related to differences in food prices? French food expenditures data are used to examine the relationship between the prices of 23 food product categories covering food-at-home consumption and the distribution of BMI in a sample of French adults. Using quantile regressions, we find significant negative correlations for the prices of beverages, fats, dairies, and sugar and sweets, and positive but less robust correlations for the prices of fruits in brine. We simulate the impact of a taxation policy that would increase the price of the former. In the estimation sample, a 10% price variation would reduce obesity by 5 percentage points, and overweight by 2 percentage points. ; Cet article étudie les relations entre les prix de 23 catégories d'aliment et la prévalence du surpoids et de l'obésité dans la population adulte française, à l'aide de données de scanner couvrant l'ensemble des achats pour l'alimentation à domicile d'un panel représentatif des ménages français. A l'aide de régressions quantiles, nous montrons en particulier que le prix de l'alcool, des boissons sucrées, des corps gras, des sucres et sucreries a un effet négatif sur l'IMC des individus à risque pour le surpoids et l'obésité. Nous simulons l'effet d'une politique fiscale qui parviendrait à augmenter le prix de ces produits de 10%. Ceci aurait pour effet de diminuer la prévalence de l'obésité de 2,8 points de pourcentage et celle du surpoids de 7 points. Une incertitude scientifique importante subsiste néanmoins quant à l'effet de telles mesures fiscales.

In view of a return to an increasing number of primary school teachers of Burkina Faso in permanent adult training at the university, our research was aiming at questioning this individual procedure and highlight its foundations. Secondly, it was to question the systems of permanent adult training generaly in force and as far as the universities are mainly concerned, to understand the mecanisms settled to accompany the request of the teachers.At the end at our investigations, we essentially understand that the motivations of those who have been questioned are many.In the whole, some reasons of professional promotion, of competence reinforcement as well as some economic motives are at the origine of this commitment. If a difference appears between the different excuses, we should however mention the persistance of the identitary motive through the others, which may lead us to think that next to the recalled reasons to justify the return in universitary permanent adult training, the social recorgnition presides over the approach of the concerned primary school teachers.In addition, if the univesities in Burkina Faso predict some systems to take in charge the permanent training, our research reveals that these systems are not yet suffisciently able to face the request of the primary school teachers. ; Face à un retour en effectifs croissants des enseignants du primaire du Burkina Faso en formation continue à l'université, notre recherche visait à questionner cette démarche individuelle et à en dégager les fondements. En second point, il s'est agi d'interroger les dispositifs de formation continue en vigueur en général et, en ce qui concerne notamment les universités, de comprendre les mécanismes mis en place pour accompagner la demande des instituteurs. Au terme de nos investigations, nous retenons pour l'essentiel que les motivations des enquêtés sont multiples. Dans l'ensemble, des raisons de promotion professionnelle, de renforcement de compétences ainsi que des mobiles économiques sont à l'origine de cet ...

The political tolerance & urban sociology literature indicates that urban residence is positively linked to tolerant attitudes & behavior. Because the city favors more contacts with unconventional groups & individuals, urban dwellers develop a higher level of political tolerance. The present article tests the empirical relevance of the rural-urban cleavage in the Canadian context. The paper shows that "urban" political tolerance may be specific to the US. 2 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

In view of a return to an increasing number of primary school teachers of Burkina Faso in permanent adult training at the university, our research was aiming at questioning this individual procedure and highlight its foundations. Secondly, it was to question the systems of permanent adult training generaly in force and as far as the universities are mainly concerned, to understand the mecanisms settled to accompany the request of the teachers.At the end at our investigations, we essentially understand that the motivations of those who have been questioned are many.In the whole, some reasons of professional promotion, of competence reinforcement as well as some economic motives are at the origine of this commitment. If a difference appears between the different excuses, we should however mention the persistance of the identitary motive through the others, which may lead us to think that next to the recalled reasons to justify the return in universitary permanent adult training, the social recorgnition presides over the approach of the concerned primary school teachers.In addition, if the univesities in Burkina Faso predict some systems to take in charge the permanent training, our research reveals that these systems are not yet suffisciently able to face the request of the primary school teachers. ; Face à un retour en effectifs croissants des enseignants du primaire du Burkina Faso en formation continue à l'université, notre recherche visait à questionner cette démarche individuelle et à en dégager les fondements. En second point, il s'est agi d'interroger les dispositifs de formation continue en vigueur en général et, en ce qui concerne notamment les universités, de comprendre les mécanismes mis en place pour accompagner la demande des instituteurs. Au terme de nos investigations, nous retenons pour l'essentiel que les motivations des enquêtés sont multiples. Dans l'ensemble, des raisons de promotion professionnelle, de renforcement de compétences ainsi que des mobiles économiques sont à l'origine de cet engagement. S'il apparait un glissement entre les différents prétextes, il convient de mentionner toutefois la persistance du motif identitaire au travers des autres motifs laissant ainsi penser qu'aux côtés des raisons évoquées pour justifier le retour en formation continue universitaire, la reconnaissance sociale préside la démarche des enseignants du primaire concernés.En outre, si les universités burkinabè prévoient des dispositifs pour prendre en charge la formation continue, notre recherche révèle que ces dispositifs ne sont pas encore suffisamment outillés pour faire face à la demande des enseignants du primaire.

The existence of "specific interests" which could be naturally associated to women is widely discussed in contemporary literature (Dodson et Carroll 1991; Sapiro 1998; Tremblay 1998; Pateman 2000). Following some authors, women could traditionally be more incline toward political topics such as childhood policies, sexual discrimination, birth control, & so on, & less interested to others. However, & even if a huge literature exists on what a "woman interest" should be, very few researches try to measure the effects of such interests on women's political behavior. In fact, no analysis has yet been made in order to test whether the existence of a specific interest in the political topic at stake (for example when taking a decision during a ballot) can increase the intellectual engagement of women. Through a comprehensive analysis of federal ballots in Switzerland for the 1999-2005 period, & more precisely by relying on post-ballot VOX data, we aim to test whether or not the specific interest shown for a particular topic has an effect on the cognitive strategies activated by citizens during the opinion formation process. Starting from dual models drawn from political psychology literature (Chaiken 1980; Eagly et Chaiken 1993; Chen et Chaiken 1999), our analyses show clearly that women activate more demanding strategies more easily than men when the topic at stake is closer to them, & this under control of major individual determinants such as their level of political awareness. Adapted from the source document.

Absent from the political considerations until recently, the generalized use of the concept of school failure reveals nowadays a growing concern from public authorities. Considering firstly an eroding perceived utility of studies, secondly, a contesting way to live school experience (Dubet & Martucelli, 1996) and finally, a school competition in which only those who are likely to succeed engage themselves, motivation appears, for numerous professionals, as an essential asset for learning (e.g., Bandura, 1986; Schunk, 1992; Vallerand & Losier, 1994; Weiner, 1992). Based on the self determination and the achievement goal theories, this doctoral work begins a discussion about the potentialities of studying the psychosocial mechanisms at work in the teaching-learning process. Because of its crucial role in the explanation of school performance, we devote a broad part of our development to the motivation in learning context. The studies we present have two aims. On one hand, we test an ecological model of the impact of motivational classroom climate on school performance by considering motivation as the process that mediates this influence. On the other hand, we develop a longitudinal analysis to report the evolving nature of motivation as well as the influence of the temporal variations of these processes on differences in academic achievement during the first year of junior high school. Thus, we try to answer the following questions: To what extent and by which processes does the classroom motivational climate affect pupils' motivation and performance? What is the impact of the motivational intraindividual changes on the pupils' learning? Are there inter-individual differences in the evolutionary trajectories of motivational processes? What are the factors that explain this heterogeneity? ; Auparavant absent des considérations politiques, le recours généralisé à la notion d'échec scolaire est désormais révélateur d'une préoccupation grandissante des pouvoirs publics. Face à l'utilité perçue des études qui ...