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ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case "ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case" thesis focuses on ASEAN states' behaviour and positions vis-a-vis China in the South China Sea conflict. Author raised important question, why despite the recent positive developments in the negotiations on the Code of Conduct, China continues to act aggressively. Two possible explanations were presented – either ASEAN countries are bandwagoning with China in South China Sea conflict or their balancing efforts are unsuccessful. Therefore the purpose of this essay was to examine what strategies ASEAN apply – balancing or bandwagoning and how succesfull it is. Also, another possible strategy was introduced in this thesis – hedging. This concept means that country is occassionaly applying both balancing and bandwagoning strategies and at the same time avoiding negative consequences that are associated with them. The countries in this thesis were divided into three groups. First group comprised from countries that are claimants in South China Sea conflict – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The hypothesis is that because they are claimants and their territorial integrity is at stake, they will balance China. The second group comprised of countries that are not claimants, however sea is very important for their survival – Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Author argued that these countries will choose balancing or hedging strategy. The third group comprised from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar – countries that are not claimants and do not have the entrance to the South China Sea or it is small. Hypothesis was that they will hedge China or bandwagon with it. Lastly, other factors like proximity to China, country's military strength, defence relations with China and other countries (especially USA), economic dependence on China and economic relations with other countries were included in this research. The hypotheses that were raised at the beggining of this research were only partially correct because other mentioned factors also play very imporant role in determining countries' positions. Balancing strategy is applied by Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore, hedging strategy is applied by Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar and bandwagoning strategy is applied by the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Laos. The biggest puzzle in the thesis is the Philippines behaviour. Author argued that the main factor behind the sudden change of its position is the election of the new President – Rodrigo Duterte, even though neorealism does not pay attention to the impact of individuals. Another important finding is that ASEAN countries lack unity in the South China Sea conflict. This is reason why China continues to act agressively in the South China Sea. Also, since there is no unity in ASEAN and China sees it, it is highly doubtful if countries will be able to reach legally significant Code of Conduct.

ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case "ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case" thesis focuses on ASEAN states' behaviour and positions vis-a-vis China in the South China Sea conflict. Author raised important question, why despite the recent positive developments in the negotiations on the Code of Conduct, China continues to act aggressively. Two possible explanations were presented – either ASEAN countries are bandwagoning with China in South China Sea conflict or their balancing efforts are unsuccessful. Therefore the purpose of this essay was to examine what strategies ASEAN apply – balancing or bandwagoning and how succesfull it is. Also, another possible strategy was introduced in this thesis – hedging. This concept means that country is occassionaly applying both balancing and bandwagoning strategies and at the same time avoiding negative consequences that are associated with them. The countries in this thesis were divided into three groups. First group comprised from countries that are claimants in South China Sea conflict – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The hypothesis is that because they are claimants and their territorial integrity is at stake, they will balance China. The second group comprised of countries that are not claimants, however sea is very important for their survival – Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Author argued that these countries will choose balancing or hedging strategy. The third group comprised from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar – countries that are not claimants and do not have the entrance to the South China Sea or it is small. Hypothesis was that they will hedge China or bandwagon with it. Lastly, other factors like proximity to China, country's military strength, defence relations with China and other countries (especially USA), economic dependence on China and economic relations with other countries were included in this research. The hypotheses that were raised at the beggining of this research were only partially correct because other mentioned factors also play very imporant role in determining countries' positions. Balancing strategy is applied by Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore, hedging strategy is applied by Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar and bandwagoning strategy is applied by the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Laos. The biggest puzzle in the thesis is the Philippines behaviour. Author argued that the main factor behind the sudden change of its position is the election of the new President – Rodrigo Duterte, even though neorealism does not pay attention to the impact of individuals. Another important finding is that ASEAN countries lack unity in the South China Sea conflict. This is reason why China continues to act agressively in the South China Sea. Also, since there is no unity in ASEAN and China sees it, it is highly doubtful if countries will be able to reach legally significant Code of Conduct.

ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case "ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case" thesis focuses on ASEAN states' behaviour and positions vis-a-vis China in the South China Sea conflict. Author raised important question, why despite the recent positive developments in the negotiations on the Code of Conduct, China continues to act aggressively. Two possible explanations were presented – either ASEAN countries are bandwagoning with China in South China Sea conflict or their balancing efforts are unsuccessful. Therefore the purpose of this essay was to examine what strategies ASEAN apply – balancing or bandwagoning and how succesfull it is. Also, another possible strategy was introduced in this thesis – hedging. This concept means that country is occassionaly applying both balancing and bandwagoning strategies and at the same time avoiding negative consequences that are associated with them. The countries in this thesis were divided into three groups. First group comprised from countries that are claimants in South China Sea conflict – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The hypothesis is that because they are claimants and their territorial integrity is at stake, they will balance China. The second group comprised of countries that are not claimants, however sea is very important for their survival – Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Author argued that these countries will choose balancing or hedging strategy. The third group comprised from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar – countries that are not claimants and do not have the entrance to the South China Sea or it is small. Hypothesis was that they will hedge China or bandwagon with it. Lastly, other factors like proximity to China, country's military strength, defence relations with China and other countries (especially USA), economic dependence on China and economic relations with other countries were included in this research. The hypotheses that were raised at the beggining of this research were only partially correct because other mentioned factors also play very imporant role in determining countries' positions. Balancing strategy is applied by Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore, hedging strategy is applied by Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar and bandwagoning strategy is applied by the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Laos. The biggest puzzle in the thesis is the Philippines behaviour. Author argued that the main factor behind the sudden change of its position is the election of the new President – Rodrigo Duterte, even though neorealism does not pay attention to the impact of individuals. Another important finding is that ASEAN countries lack unity in the South China Sea conflict. This is reason why China continues to act agressively in the South China Sea. Also, since there is no unity in ASEAN and China sees it, it is highly doubtful if countries will be able to reach legally significant Code of Conduct.

ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case "ASEAN and China – Balancing or Bandwagoning? South China Sea Case" thesis focuses on ASEAN states' behaviour and positions vis-a-vis China in the South China Sea conflict. Author raised important question, why despite the recent positive developments in the negotiations on the Code of Conduct, China continues to act aggressively. Two possible explanations were presented – either ASEAN countries are bandwagoning with China in South China Sea conflict or their balancing efforts are unsuccessful. Therefore the purpose of this essay was to examine what strategies ASEAN apply – balancing or bandwagoning and how succesfull it is. Also, another possible strategy was introduced in this thesis – hedging. This concept means that country is occassionaly applying both balancing and bandwagoning strategies and at the same time avoiding negative consequences that are associated with them. The countries in this thesis were divided into three groups. First group comprised from countries that are claimants in South China Sea conflict – Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. The hypothesis is that because they are claimants and their territorial integrity is at stake, they will balance China. The second group comprised of countries that are not claimants, however sea is very important for their survival – Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. Author argued that these countries will choose balancing or hedging strategy. The third group comprised from Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar – countries that are not claimants and do not have the entrance to the South China Sea or it is small. Hypothesis was that they will hedge China or bandwagon with it. Lastly, other factors like proximity to China, country's military strength, defence relations with China and other countries (especially USA), economic dependence on China and economic relations with other countries were included in this research. The hypotheses that were raised at the beggining of this research were only partially correct because other mentioned factors also play very imporant role in determining countries' positions. Balancing strategy is applied by Vietnam, Indonesia and Singapore, hedging strategy is applied by Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar and bandwagoning strategy is applied by the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Laos. The biggest puzzle in the thesis is the Philippines behaviour. Author argued that the main factor behind the sudden change of its position is the election of the new President – Rodrigo Duterte, even though neorealism does not pay attention to the impact of individuals. Another important finding is that ASEAN countries lack unity in the South China Sea conflict. This is reason why China continues to act agressively in the South China Sea. Also, since there is no unity in ASEAN and China sees it, it is highly doubtful if countries will be able to reach legally significant Code of Conduct.

This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.

This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.