Suchergebnisse

1. History and Perspective of Indoor Air Quality Research -- 2. High Volatility Organic Compounds (VVOCs) -- 3. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) -- 4. Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) -- 5. Cooking, Heating Appliances -- 6. Vaping and Secondhand Exposure -- 7. Particles, Including Particles of Ambient Origin -- 8. Aerosol Dynamics for Particles -- 9. Deposition of Particles -- 10. Resuspension of Particles -- 11. Interaction of Gas Phase Pollutants and Particles -- 12. Cooking Aerosol -- 13. Personal Care Products as Sources -- 14. Sampling and Analysis of VVOCs, VOCs in Indoor Air -- 15. Sampling and Analysis of SVOCs in Indoor Environment.

CLIMA 2019 Congress ; The European Commission in 2010 accepted Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) are the main energy conservation legislative instruments for to reduce the energy consumption of new built and renovated buildings in Europe. The national regulation based on EPBD states that after the year 2016 only so called ultra-low energy buildings can be built. The next tightening in energy saving will come after 2021 (for commercial buildings after 2019), when only nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) would be allowed to build. It means that these buildings must fulfil A0 category requirements by energy labelling. But what about the indoor environmental quality in objects like this? This article shows results of indoor environmental quality measurement in NZEB building. Indoor air temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and air exchange rate had been measured. Except these parameters energy consumption from the grid and from the photovoltaic panel had been evaluated. ; Energie-Umweltmanagement ; Forschung Burgenland

Abstract
Indoor air pollution marked with decreased air quality below the set standard. The quality of indoor air is determined by ambient air quality as well as by a harmful substance resulting from the household activity. Indoor air pollution may cause several problems such as sick building syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and is responsible for nearly two million death in developing countries. One of the interesting research topics to overcome the indoor air pollution problem is the application of indoor plants. Although there are no established criteria to specify the best indoor plant, several studies have revealed the capability of a particular indoor plant to remove the harmful substances. This paper summarizes important information about indoor air pollution and provides the evidence-based insight of indoor plant usefulness as an alternative way for indoor air remediation.

Trends in formaldehyde concentrations to which residents are exposed are reviewed, as are the means for assessing these exposures. Concentrations as high as a few ppm encountered in manufactured housing during the 1970s were eliminated after the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) 1984 ruling came into effect. The pressed‐wood product industry, and its trade organizations, have made concerted efforts to comply with the ruling. Moreover, they have imposed additional voluntary product standards upon themselves intended to be applicable to a range of pressed‐wood products wider than that defined in the HUD standard. Quarterly product testing on arbitrarily selected products shows a general lowering of emission rates with only a few percent of products now being above the HUD level. Measurement of ambient indoor levels of formaldehyde has been largely replaced by testing to assure conformance to product standards. The loweremitting products on the market, if used in mobile home construction and furnishing, will expectantly produce formaldehyde levels not exceeding 0.1 ppm, except under conditions of unusually high temperature and humidity. Recent studies implicate household dust as a significant carrier of bound formaldehyde. In a few instances, old urea‐formaldehyde cavity wall insulation has become friable and particles have blown into living areas. Future health assessments might need to consider this additional pathway of potential exposure.

Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or "vaping") has seen an unprecedented increase worldwide. Vaping has been promoted as a beneficial smoking cessation tool and an alternative nicotine delivery device that contains no combustion by-products. However, nicotine is highly addictive, and the increased use of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes among teens and individuals who are not in need of smoking cessation may lead to overall greater nicotine dependence in the population. Furthermore, available research indicates that vaping solutions and their emissions may contain much more than just nicotine, including aerosolized flavorings, propylene glycol (PG), and other intentional and unintentional contaminants. These materials could present undefined potential health hazards to both e-cigarette users and bystanders, the full extent of which is not well understood at this time. Whereas e-cigarette usage and exposures may lower some or most of the risks associated with conventional cigarette use, the health effects of nicotine and aerosol exposures from e-cigarettes are not well understood. Research indicates that vaping aerosols are not benign, especially for nearby people in areas with limited ventilation and people with compromised health conditions. In addition, e-juice liquids have already been responsible for an increase in accidental poisonings in children. Because the magnitude of health and safety hazards that vaping may present to nonusers remains unclear, it is prudent to manage and control vaping in indoor locations where smoking is currently restricted. Based on a review of current scientific information, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) recommends that e-cigarettes should be considered a source of aerosols, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulates in the indoor environment that have not been thoroughly characterized or evaluated for health risk or safety.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been conventionally regarded as a global problem, due to the well-known effects of fossil fuel combustion to the climate of our planet. However, this paper aims at highlighting the role of CO2 from another perspective, i.e. by considering the effects of CO2 on the health and well-being of the occupants of indoor spaces. The exposure to CO2 air concentrations > 1,000 ppm causes symptoms like headache, dizziness, sleepiness and loss of attention, which may negatively influence the learning capability and the productivity of students and workers. In this sense, schools and universities are particularly vulnerable, due to the high density of occupants in classrooms and to the importance of the role of education in training the future members of the society. In the light of this issue, the present paper will provide examples of the incorrect design of indoor environments and, meanwhile, will propose simple solutions to monitor the problem of indoor CO2 concentration and improve the indoor environmental quality of public places. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2019. ; The work was partly supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006.

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