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Well before the beginning of machine industry, many regions of Europe became increasingly industrialized in the sense that a growing proportion of their labor potential was allocated to industry. Yet, that type of industry—the traditionally organized, principally rural handicrafts—barely fits the image one has of a modernizing economy. There is, however, cognitive value as well as didactic advantage in thinking of the growth of "pre-industrial industry" as part and parcel of the process of "industrialization" or, rather, as a first phase which preceded and prepared modern industrialization proper.

This article aims to provide information about 1634 new industrial workplaces employing 100 or more people, built in Poland in years 1949–1988 and 2276 plants of the same size, existing before 1949 as well as about the transformation of these companies after 1989. The article describes a statistical survey of industrial plants, discusses the industrialization of the country, the scale and causes of liquidation of the factories after 1989. In addition, the state of the industry in Poland after 25 years of transformation and brought closer to the origins of reindustrialization of our country are discussed. The article takes into account the survey results of 3910 industrial enterprises in the years 1988–2014. Also data on the production potential of industry in 1988 from the Statistical Yearbook of Industry in 1989 are used. Production potential of plants is specified by value of production assets, sold production and employment, which allows to calculate relevant indicators of production capital intensity, technical infrastructure and labor productivity.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Models of Rural Industrialization -- Rural Industry Characteristics -- Institutions and Policies to Promote Rural Industrialization -- Examples of Small-Scale Plants in Some Important Industrial Sectors -- Tangshan Region and Zunhua County in Hopei Province -- The Rationale of Rural Industrialization in China and its Relevance to Other Developing Countries -- Selected Statistics from Zunhua County, Tangshan Region, Hopei Province -- Examples of County-Level and Region-Level Enterprises -- Selected Statistics on Small-Scale Chemical Fertilizer, Cement, and Iron and Steel Plants -- Notes -- Select Bibliography -- Index -- Harvard East Asian Monographs.

Annotation Urban re-industrialisation could be seen as a method of increasing business effectiveness in the context of a politically stimulated `green economy¿; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation of a creative-class concept, focused on 3D printing, `boutique manufacturing¿ and crafts. These two notions place urban re-industrialisation within the context of the current neoliberal economic regime and urban development based on property and land speculation. Could urban re-industrialisation be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city?In January 2012, against the backdrop of the 2008 financial crisis, Krzysztof Nawratek published a text in opposition to the fantasy of a `cappuccino city, ¿ arguing that the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by `Industrial City 2.0.¿ Industrial City 2.0 is an attempt to see a post-socialist and post-industrial city from another perspective, a kind of negative of the modernist industrial city. If, for logistical reasons and because of a concern for the health of residents, modernism tried to separate different functions from each other (mainly industry from residential areas), Industrial City 2.0 is based on the ideas of coexistence, proximity, and synergy. The essays collected here envision the possibilities (as well as the possible perils) of such a scheme

In all geographical departments of Greece there has been noticed a significant population change since 1920. Until 1928 the population of the country increased because of the compulsory exodus of the Greeks from Asia Minor which followed the great military defeat of 1922. The mo st important population increase was noticed in the Greater Athens Area during the period 1920-28. Also in Macedonia which has shown la considerable density rate there was an increase from 30.9 to 40.5 inhabitants per square kilometer while Thrace showed a greater increase from 24.1 to 34.8 inhabitants per square kilometer. ; peer-reviewed

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ISRAEL: A SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCES -- KIBBUTZ INDUSTRIALIZATION -- MOSHAV-BASED INDUSTRY -- THE NON-AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE -- INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ARAB VILLAGES IN ISRAEL -- RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION IN ISRAEL: CONCLUDING CONSIDERATIONS -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS.

Urban re-industrialisation could be seen as a method of increasing business effectiveness in the context of a politically stimulated 'green economy'; it could also be seen as a nostalgic mutation of a creative-class concept, focused on 3D printing, 'boutique manufacturing' and crafts. These two notions place urban re-industrialisation within the context of the current neoliberal economic regime and urban development based on property and land speculation. Could urban re-industrialisation be a more radical idea? Could urban re-industrialization be imagined as a progressive socio-political and economic project, aimed at creating an inclusive and democratic society based on cooperation and a symbiosis that goes way beyond the current model of a neoliberal city? In January 2012, against the backdrop of the 2008 financial crisis, Krzysztof Nawratek published a text in opposition to the fantasy of a 'cappuccino city,' arguing that the post-industrial city is a fiction, and that it should be replaced by 'Industrial City 2.0.' Industrial City 2.0 is an attempt to see a post-socialist and post-industrial city from another perspective, a kind of negative of the modernist industrial city. If, for logistical reasons and because of a concern for the health of residents, modernism tried to separate different functions from each other (mainly industry from residential areas), Industrial City 2.0 is based on the ideas of coexistence, proximity, and synergy. The essays collected here envision the possibilities (as well as the possible perils) of such a scheme.

Like many other parts of the world, in the last two hundred years or so the Middle East has gone through a process of de-industrialization followed by reindustrialization.*The decline in handicrafts continued until well after the First World War. But by then another development was under way: the growth of a modern factory industry that started around the 1890s, gathered increasing momentum in the 1920s and 1930s, and since the Second World War has proceeded at a very rapid pace.

The purpose of this short discussion paper is to raise some general questions concerning the current state of the historiography on the industrialization of pre-Independent India. Although triggered off by a close reading of Professor Morris's contribution to the recentCambridge Economic History of India, volume 2, it is not my intention to review the essay in a detailed and systematic manner; rather I seek to place it in the wider context of what is, in my view, the unsatisfactory state of our accumulated knowledge. The paper is organized in the following way. Section II contends that all too little is known about a seemingly crucial sector—a vacuity that is not confined to India alone among the Third World economies—and that this tends to distort accounts of the general functioning of the international economy. In Section III I try to pinpoint the major areas of weakness, and then go on to suggest the main reasons for this somewhat surprising situation. Finally, in Section IV, I argue that Morris's study reflects the problems I identify but does not take us further down the road towards their resolution.