Deliberate Industrialization
In: Social research: an international quarterly, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 158
ISSN: 0037-783X
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In: Social research: an international quarterly, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 158
ISSN: 0037-783X
In: Social research: an international quarterly, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 438
ISSN: 0037-783X
In: The economic history review, Band 39, Heft 2, S. 307
ISSN: 1468-0289
After the Second World War, Mozambique went through a series of transformations, from an incipient industrializing colonial society to an independent country with a central planned economy, plus a regional and internal war, and finally from 1994 onwards, a multi-party democracy with a mix of market economy and a still strong public hand. Although growing at more than 7 per cent annually since 1992, the economy is mostly based on low-productivity agriculture. Manufacturing contributes with less than 15 per cent of its GDP, but mineral coal and natural gas tend to expand significantly. The economy faces the challenge to diversify, integrate and industrialize.
BASE
We see industrialization in China the last 150 years as an ongoing process through which firms acquired and deepened manufacturing capabilities. Two factors have been consistently important to this process: openness to the international economy and domestic market liberalization. Openness and market liberalization are usually complementary: One without the other can seriously limit benefits. For a latecomer like China, modern industry initially finds its most success in more labor-intensive products that require only modest capabilities. Gradual upgrading entails the shift into more skilled-labor and capital-intensive products and processes. China's experience shows that government can both support and obstruct this process. Our review of long-term data shows that i) China's industrial growth rate has consistently exceeded that of Japan, India and Russia/USSR not just in recent decades but throughout most of the 20th century; ii) China's shift from textiles and other light industry toward defense-related industries began before rather than after 1949, as did the geographic spread of industry beyond the initial centers in the Lower Yangzi and the Northeast (formerly Manchuria) regions; iii) the state sector has consistently been a brake on industrial upgrading, highlighting the significance of current reform initiatives in determining China's future industrial path.
BASE
In: The journal of environment & development: a review of international policy, Band 6, Heft 4, S. 464-465
ISSN: 1070-4965
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Band 233, Heft 1, S. 121-126
ISSN: 1552-3349
In: Current history: a journal of contemporary world affairs, Band 80, Heft 467, S. 268-271,277-278
ISSN: 0011-3530
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of Latin American studies, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 199-208
ISSN: 1469-767X
In: Social research: an international quarterly, Band 8, S. 438-453
ISSN: 0037-783X
In: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, Band 26, Heft 3, S. 440-453
In: Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, Band 26, S. 440-453
ISSN: 0035-8789
In: Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 197
In: The economic history review, Band 48, Heft 1, S. 208
ISSN: 1468-0289
SSRN
Working paper