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Recreation within US industry has become an integral pattern whose mutual benefits are recognized by employer & employee. Participation in recreation programs tends to improve physical & mental health, cultivate leadership, stabilize employment, strengthen community relations, democratize associations, relieve tensions in the factory climate, & strengthen morale. As leisure increases, management must become even more active in providing programs & facilities. AAAPSS.

Recreation within American industry has become an integral pat tern whose mutual benefits are recognized by employer and employee. Partici pation in recreation programs tends to improve physical and mental health, cultivate leadership, stabilize employment, strengthen community relations, de mocratize associations, relieve tensions in the factory climate, and strengthen morale. As leisure increases, management must become even more active in providing programs and facilities.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of creation and legitimation of new industries. Specifically, the question we address is how to cross the gulf between no industry and embryonic industry in order for a new industry to emerge. In this, our focus is on the process of change from an initial condition in which an industry does not exist to a final condition in which it is institutionalized. We ground our discussion in a typology of legitimation. Both authors bring to the discussion their ethnographic experience in creating and legitimating new industries and new ventures such as software, consulting and NGO, as well as de-legitimating existing industries, such as military and power. The contribution of this paper lies in its combined theoretical and practical focus on a phenomenon that has received scant attention in academic research and has been inefficiently practiced by policy makers and development organizations.

As their businesses globalize at increasing rates, managers need frameworks for analyzing industry activities on a worldwide basis. In this paper, a framework for global industry analysis is presented, using the machine tool industry to illustrate how industry overviews, global consumption and production analyses can be used to gain worldwide perspectives on industry behaviors. Breakdowns by company, segment, region and country markets help strategy formulation and resource allocations in the worldwide marketplace. Obtaining the right sorts of information is the key to insightful global analyses. The globalization of industry trade associations and on‐line business news services are major sources of worldwide industry developments.