Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the process of development of the Chinese e-commerce market in the structure of the Chinese economy. The process of formation and development of the Chinese e-commerce market is researched and analyzed, and the main events of the new stage of the Chinese e-commerce market are considered. At the same time, a justification is given for distinguishing two stages in the development of this market. The reasons for the successful development of Chinese companies in the field of e-commerce were identified, and China's leading platforms in three types of e-commerce were studied: B2C, B2B, C2C. The study showed the great importance of e-commerce in the development of the Chinese economy, as it contributed to solving the most important tasks such as eliminating poverty, raising the living standards of both the urban and rural population.Aim. To explore the process of formation and development of Chinese e-commerce market.Tasks. To study and analyze the formation and development of e-commerce market, as well as to consider main events of a new stage of its development in the structure of the Chinese economy.Methods. In this work, we used such empirical methods as comparative analysis, such theoretical research methods as deduction; the method of historical analysis was used, as well as statistical methods and general logical methods (analysis and synthesis).Results. The study showed the great importance of e-commerce in the development of Chinese economy. It contributes to solution of such critical tasks as raising the living standards of both urban and rural populations, eradicating widespread poverty, etc. China is the world's leader in terms of retail e-commerce. «Alibaba Group» has been the leader in B2B, B2C and C2C for many years. Today, Chinese companies are leaders in the global e-commerce markets. Results of the study are based on the analysis of information obtained from various available sources, including official statistics.Conclusion. The importance of e-commerce in the development of the Chinese economy in the 21st century is great. And this, in our opinion, is the merit of Chinese government, which supports development of the country's technical progress, including development of e-commerce. Moreover, China's transition to mobile Internet has accelerated development of e-commerce. At the same time, important factors in accelerating the development of this industry are active competition of companies in this area, support from private entrepreneurs in other countries and, most importantly, support from Chinese government. And all this has contributed to the fact that the Chinese e-commerce market has developed faster than e-markets of other countries.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how an increasingly intertwined international geography of ownership affects renewal activities and processes, including innovation, in established local companies that have shifted into foreign ownership. The authors develop a framework for the relations between (foreign) ownership and local renewal activities and processes (including innovation). The authors focus on access to resources for renewal, the development of capabilities for innovation and change, and local mandates to pursue renewal. Based on case studies of eight formerly Swedish-owned mid-size manufacturing companies that have shifted into and remained under foreign ownership during most of the 2010s, the authors develop a framework concerned with the relations between (foreign) ownership and renewal activities and processes in local firms.


Design/methodology/approach
Multiple intensive case studies of eight previously Swedish-owned mid-sized manufacturing companies to gain qualitative insights into the resource, capabilities and mandates for renewal under new ownership conditions. Empirical data collected primarily through semi-structured interviews and complemented with secondary material, including annual reports (2010–2018), databases, press releases and information on company websites. Empirical data were analyzed thematically to isolate key findings pertaining to renewal. At the core of the analysis process was the gradual creation of a framework that stipulates the relations between (foreign) ownership and firm renewal activities and processes.


Findings
The companies are endowed with liberal but conditional mandates to pursue strategic innovation in their original sites and draw on a stronger resource repertoire within their ownership spheres. In comparison to the established international business (IB) literature, the authors add considerations about how local aspects interact with international ones to form global distribution of renewal activities in our time. To economic geographers and innovation scholars, consideration of the local and its importance in renewal activities and processes is certainly not new, but we show how ownership is an important aspect that conditions some of the strategic interactions that companies have with their "outsides".


Originality/value
Contributes to the burgeoning conversation between IB and economic geography disciplines. Emphasizes a deeper local aspect to the IB literature, partly how companies access resources and capabilities from the ownership sphere at points that suit their renewal efforts and partly the persistence of path-dependent aspects of local companies even as they get acquired by multinationals. Emphasizes ownership and mandate aspects to the literature in Economic geography, which tends to focus on regional/non-regional assets for renewal and innovation. Findings show that the non-regional assets are, in fact, two distinct categories as ownership becomes internationalized: assets within and outside the ownership sphere.

A Khaya senegalensis, mais conhecida como mogno africano, é uma espécie florestal utilizada, principalmente, por conta da qualidade de sua madeira, na movelaria e construção naval. Porém, para plantios florestais são importantes as informações sobre os métodos de produção de mudas e variáveis adversas que possam interferir nessa produção, como o tipo de substrato. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do dejeto de suíno no crescimento inicial do mogno africano, em condições de viveiro. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo: T0 – solo, em aplicação de dejeto de suíno (DS); T1 – 10 mL de DS; T2 – 20 mL de DS; T3 – 30 mL de DS; T4 – 40 mL de DS; T5 – 50 mL de DS; T6 – 60 mL de DS e; T7 – 70 mL de DS. Ao final de 90 dias foram avaliadas as características morfológicas das mudas, como: altura, diâmetro de colo, biomassa, relação altura/diâmetro de colo, relação altura/massa seca aérea, relação massa seca aérea/massa seca radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. A dose de 60 mL de DS ao solo foi a que mais favoreceu o crescimento e produção de massa das mudas de mogno africano.

Palavras-chave: Khaya senegalensis. Resíduo de Suíno. Produção de Mudas. Adubação Orgânica.

Abstract
Khaya senegalensis, better known as African mahogany, is a forest species used mainly because of the quality of its wood, in furniture and shipbuilding. However, for forest plantations, information about seedling production methods and adverse variables that may interfere with this production, such as the type of substrate, are important. Due to that, the study herein aimed to evaluate the effects of swine manure on the initial growth of african mahogany, under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and six replications, being: T0 - soil, in application of swine manure (DS); T1 - 10 mL of DS; T2 - 20 mL of DS; T3 - 30 mL of DS; T4 - 40 mL of DS; T5 - 50 mL of DS; T6 - 60 mL of DS and; T7 – 70 mL of DS. At the end of 90 days, the seedlings morphological characteristics were evaluated, such as: height, diameter, biomass, height/diameter relation, height/aerial dry mass relation, aerial dry mass/root dry mass relation and Dickson quality index. The dose of 60 mL of DS to the soil was the one that most favored the growth and mass production of african mahogany seedlings.

Keywords: Khaya senegalensis. Swine Manure. Seedlings Production. Organic Fertilization.

A pandemia desencadeou preocupações em relação ao fornecimento de alimentos e a segurança sanitária, sendo reconhecida a importância da agricultura familiar e a responsabilidade do Estado para redução dos riscos sanitários. Este estudo analisa o tema das agroindústrias familiares, no contexto da regularização sanitária, com vista a esclarecer sobre o cenário atual destes empreendimentos. Foram levantadas informações sobre as agroindústrias dos municípios sob jurisdição da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Passos, através de estudo de caso, descritivo e exploratório com aplicação de questionários sobre as principais dificuldades dos produtores e descrição de estratégias para fortalecimento deste setor. Os resultados deste estudo demostraram uma tendência de desburocratização e facilitação dos procedimentos do licenciamento sanitário, ampliação de mercados, valorização da produção artesanal e empenho da promoção da segurança sanitária. Conclui-se que há uma tendência de facilitação dos procedimentos para licenciamento sanitário, que a fiscalização local está condizente com a visão de atuação como parceiros e educadores, sempre considerando o risco sanitário e que os principais problemas são relacionados com a falta de infraestrutura adequada, seguido da falta de conhecimento da legislação de licenciamento e rotulagem. Espera-se que este estudo dissemine conhecimentos para promoção do desenvolvimento desta atividade, com segurança sanitária dos produtos.

Palavras-chave: Agricultura Familiar. Vigilância Sanitária. Desenvolvimento Rural. Segurança Alimentar. Legislação.

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered worries in relation to food supplying and health security, being recognized importance of family farming and the State's responsibility, for reducing health risks. This study analyzes the theme of family agribusinesses in the context of sanitary regularization, having, as a goal, to clarify the current scenario of these enterprises. Information was raised taking into consideration the agroindustries of the municipalities under the jurisdiction of the Regional Health Superintendence of Passos and questionnaires were applied asking about the main difficulties faced by producers and strategies for strengthening this sector during and after the pandemic period. The results of this study showed a tendency towards reducing bureaucracy and facilitating health licensing procedures, expanding markets, increasing valuation of handcrafted production and a commitment to promoting health security. It is concluded that there is a tendency to facilitate procedures for health licensing, that local inspection is consistent with the vision of acting as partners and educators, always considering the health risk and that the main problems are related to the lack of adequate infrastructure followed by lack of knowledge of the legislation used for product licensing and labeling. It is expected that this study will disseminate knowledge to promote the development of this activity, with products sanitary safety.

Keywords: Family Farming. Health Surveillance. Rural Development. Food Security; Legislation

As intoxicações relacionadas ao consumo de alimentos e bebidas são identificadas como intoxicações alimentares, constituem doença comum e problema de Saúde Pública. As notificações desses casos são compulsórias e essenciais para elaboração de avaliações epidemiológicas para subsidiar a adoção de políticas, medidas de controle e profilaxia dos casos de intoxicação no país. Na região de Mato Grosso há carência de estudos dos casos ocorridos. Assim, objetivou-se delinear o perfil das vítimas e dos casos de intoxicados por alimentos e bebidas, notificados junto ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no período de 2005 a 2017, para o estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento epidemiológico retrospectivo, quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e documental das ocorrências. As intoxicações por alimentos e bebidas predominaram entre indivíduos do sexo masculino, das raças pardas e brancas, residentes na área urbana, na faixa etária adulta, que se intoxicaram principalmente por ingestão de alimento. A maioria dos casos evoluiu para cura sem sequelas e registrou-se quatro óbitos como circunstância relacionada a ingestão de alimentos. Ressalta-se a importância de medidas preventivas e educativas de segurança alimentar, bem como fiscalizatórias pelos órgãos regulamentadores, estabelecendo-se maior rigor às condições sanitárias dos alimentos a serem consumidos.

Palavras-chave: Contaminação de Alimentos. Segurança Alimentar. Surtos de Doenças. Vigilância Sanitária.

Abstract
Intoxications related to food and drink consumption are identified as food poisoning and constitute as a common disease and public health problem. The notifications of these cases are mandatory and essential for elaboration of epidemiological evaluations to subsidize the adoption of policies, measures of control and prophylaxis of intoxication cases in the country. In Mato Grosso, there is a lack of studies of the cases that occurred. Thus, the purpose of this study was to outline the profile of the victims and the cases of food and drink poisoning reported to Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2005 and 2017 for Mato Grosso, Brazil. A retrospective, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and documentary epidemiological study of the occurrences was carried out. Food and drink poisoning predominated among male, white and brown races, living in the urban area, adult age group, who were mainly intoxicated by food ingestion. Most cases progressed to cure without sequelae and four deaths were recorded as a circumstance related to food intake. We emphasize the importance of preventive and educational measures for food safety, as well as inspection by the regulatory agencies, establishing greater rigorous sanitary conditions of the food to be consumed.

Keywords: Food Contamination. Food Security. Disease Outbreaks. Health Surveillance.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The majority of people with cannabis use disorder do not seek treatment. If we were able to gain more insight into different subgroups of cannabis users based on help-seeking preferences, we could use this information to inform the development and promotion of interventions targeted at specific subgroups of cannabis users, to ultimately narrow the treatment gap. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> An online survey was conducted among 1,015 Dutch frequent cannabis users (18–72 years) to assess their cannabis use, help-seeking preferences, psychopathology, and psychological distress. Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of cannabis users based on their help-seeking preferences. Differences between the identified classes in terms of sociodemographics, cannabis use, and psychopathology were examined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified four classes with distinct preferences for support. Class 1 ("no support/only social," <i>n</i> = 548) had a low probability of finding any form of support appealing other than social support. Class 2 ("online help," <i>n</i> = 170) had relatively high probabilities of finding online help appealing. Class 3 ("GP/outpatient," <i>n</i> = 208) had a relatively high probability of finding support from the general practitioner and outpatient substance use disorder treatment appealing. Class 4 ("all sources," <i>n</i> = 89) had moderate to high probabilities for all sources of support. In terms of sociodemographics, differences between the classes were found with regard to gender and level of education. The classes were fairly similar with regard to cannabis use, only the "online help" class scored significantly lower on both cannabis use frequency and quantity compared to most of the other classes. In terms of psychopathology, the "GP/outpatient" class and the "all sources" class experienced more cannabis use-related problems and were more likely to report multiple past quit attempts than the "online help" class and the "no support/only social" class. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study shows that there is a lot of inter-individual variation in how appealing various forms of help are to cannabis users. Our findings emphasize the importance of promoting a variety of treatment modalities for cannabis users, including real-life and digital options, and indicate what might appeal to whom.

Abstract. In slowly deforming intraplate tectonic regions such as the Alps only
limited knowledge exists on the occurrence of severe earthquakes, their
maximum possible magnitude, and their potential source areas. This is mainly
due to long earthquake recurrence rates exceeding the time span of
instrumental earthquake records and historical documentation. Lacustrine
paleoseismology aims at retrieving long-term continuous records of seismic
shaking. A paleoseismic record from a single lake provides information on
events for which seismic shaking exceeded the intensity threshold at the
lake site. In addition, when positive and negative evidence for seismic
shaking from multiple sites can be gathered for a certain time period,
minimum magnitudes and source locations can be estimated for
paleo-earthquakes by a reverse application of an empirical intensity
prediction equation in a geospatial analysis. Here, we present potential
magnitudes and source locations of four paleo-earthquakes in the western
Austrian Alps based on the integration of available and updated lake
paleoseismic data, which comprise multiple mass-transport deposits on
reflection seismic profiles and turbidites and soft-sediment deformation
structures in sediment cores. The paleoseismic records at Plansee and
Achensee covering the last ∼10 kyr were extended towards the
age of lake initiation after deglaciation to obtain the longest possible
paleoseismic catalogue at each lake site. Our results show that 25 severe
earthquakes are recorded in the four lakes Plansee, Piburgersee, Achensee,
and potentially Starnbergersee over the last ∼16 kyr, from
which four earthquakes are interpreted to have left imprints in two or more
lakes. Earthquake recurrence intervals range from ca. 1000 to 2000 years,
with a weakly periodic to aperiodic recurrence behavior for the individual
records. We interpret that relatively shorter recurrence intervals in the
more orogen-internal archives Piburgersee and Achensee are related to
enhanced tectonic loading, whereas a longer recurrence rate in the more
orogen-external archive Plansee might reflect a decreased stress transfer
across the current-day enhanced seismicity zone. Plausible epicenters of
paleo-earthquake scenarios coincide with the current enhanced seismicity
regions. Prehistoric earthquakes with a minimum moment magnitude (Mw)
5.8–6.1 have occurred around the Inn valley, the Brenner region, and the
Fernpass–Loisach region and might have reached up to Mw 6.3 at
Achensee. The paleo-earthquake catalogue might hint at a shift in severe
earthquake activity near the Inn valley from east to west to east during
postglacial times. ShakeMaps highlight that such severe earthquake scenarios do not solely impact the enhanced seismicity region of Tyrol but widely affect
adjacent regions like southern Bavaria in Germany.

Purpose
There is a great interest in developing eco-friendly operations as alternative uses of resources in the university campus, making the employment of technologies more sustainable. Practices such as energy management and efficiency initiatives have been encouraged to meet these sustainability goals. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the main features of the GENIIOT project, a system of energy management using Internet of Things applied in a Brazilian university campus to support energy education practices and to promote lasting energy efficiency measures. The focus of the study is directed at the energy consumption of the air-conditioning system, which is responsible for 40% of the total electricity consumption. In addition, this project also scrutinizes processes such as the building occupants' comfort demands, lighting levels and energy waste control.


Design/methodology/approach
A case study at the Unicamp campus was conducted to illustrate the design procedures through qualitative description. This study comprises an overview of the physical plant, hardware and software development, energy data monitoring, management process and energy education.


Findings
The GENIIOT project enables energy efficiency actions by concerning the use of air-conditioning equipment based on monitored data, different types of monitored rooms, user's behaviors and their feedback. This initiative requires the engagement, awareness and actions from users combined with investment in energy efficiency to achieve an efficient use of this type of equipment. The proposed approach can be applied in the future to similar situations, inside the Unicamp campus and at other university campuses. In addition, this project can contribute to building efficiency analysis by using the hardware structure developed to monitor facilities and carry out evaluations, providing valuable information for strategic initiatives in energy efficiency projects and research and development programs based on practical experience and promoting a discussion about sustainability aspects in the context of the university campus for energy efficiency.


Originality/value
The GENIIOT project is aligned with some of the sustainable development goals, among which sustainability and responsible consumption are identified. Considering the sustainability issues, the economic dimension can be evaluated through a cost–benefit analysis of energy efficiency projects with prudent investment, while the social attractiveness of the project is ensured by education and awareness practices for the community that interacts with the system and learns about a more efficient way of using resources in the campus. Furthermore, there is a more conscious use of natural resources by minimizing waste from the use of electricity and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. GENIIOT is part of Sustainable Campus Project, a living laboratory which aims at developing energy-efficiency-related research activities in the university campus to reduce costs in higher and federal institutions of education in Brazil.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the views of practicing negotiators on their experiences of deception and their strategies for detecting deceptive behavior. A thematic analysis of interview data complements the existing experimental literature on deception and negotiation. The authors compare the experiences of practicing negotiators with the results found in experimental studies and provide practical recommendations for negotiators and managers regarding the detection of deception.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 19 practicing commercial negotiators in France by way of semi-structured interviews. The transcribed data was analyzed by way of thematic analysis using the software NVivo 12. Experiences and behaviors identified in the negotiation literature as key factors for the detection of deception acted as a coding framework.FindingsA thematic analysis of the data revealed four themes related to the experience of deception that negotiators perceived as particularly important: the frequency, form, interpretation and consequences of deception. Further, the analysis revealed four factors that negotiators believed influenced their ability to detect deceptive communication: physical cues, such as body language and micro-expressions, and verbal cues, including contradictions and inconsistencies, emotional cues and environmental cues. Finally, the strategies described by negotiators to detect deception could be classified according to six themes: careful listening, asking questions, emotional intelligence, intuition, checking consistency and requesting evidence.Research limitations/implicationsThis study elicited the views of commercial negotiators without collecting information from their negotiation counterparts. Hence, it was not possible to verify whether the reported detection of deceptive communication was accurate. Because of optimism bias, the participants in the sample were likely to overrate their ability to detect deception. In part, this was helpful because the negotiators spoke freely about their strategies for dealing with deceptive counterparts allowing the identification of techniques to improve the efficacy of detecting deceptive communication.Practical implicationsParticipants overwhelmingly expressed that there is a lack of training on deception in negotiation. It is suggested that the results of this study inform the development of training courses on the detection of deception. In particular, it is recommended that training courses should cover the following topics: how to anticipate and avoid deceptive behavior; how to effectively respond to deceptive behavior; the role of emotional intelligence in detecting deceptive behavior; careful listening and asking questions; and the role of intuition in detecting deception.Originality/valuePrior empirical studies on the detection of deception have not specifically investigated the range of self-reported strategies used by practicing negotiators to detect deceptive communication. This study addresses this gap. This study complements existing experimental works by widening the spectrum of potential variables that play a role in the effective detection of deceptive communication.

PurposeThis study examined 46 articles in total, which yielded 5 recurring themes: perceived discrimination, language barriers, socioeconomic barriers, cultural barriers and educational/knowledge barriers. The two most dominant themes found were the inability to speak the country's primary language and belonging to a culture with different practices and values from the host country. The review provides vital insights into the numerous challenges that immigrants and refugees encounter as they navigate through the primary care systems of English-speaking (E-S) countries and potential solutions to overcome these barriers.Design/methodology/approachAccess to adequate healthcare plays a central part in ensuring the physical and mental wellbeing of society. However, vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees, face numerous challenges when utilizing these healthcare services. To shed further light on the barriers impacting healthcare quality, the authors' team performed a scoping thematic review of the available literature on immigrant and refugees' experiences in primary healthcare systems across E-S countries. Articles were systematically reviewed while focusing on healthcare perceptions by immigrants, potential barriers and suggestions to improve the quality of primary care.FindingsThis work looked at qualitative and quantitative information, attempting to combine both paradigms to give a rich and robust platform with which to devise a further study through focus groups. Qualitative inquiry accounted for 28/46, or 61%, of studies, and quantitative inquiry made up 9/46, or 20%, while 9/46 or 20% combined both qualitative and qualitative. Emerging themes are -perceived ethnic discrimination faced by immigrants accessing primary care, language barriers, socioeconomic barriers, cultural barriers and educational barriers.Research limitations/implicationsMost medical journals rely on quantitative data to relate "results" and cases. The authors set out to change ways in which medical reports can be done. Most of the authors were solely trained in quantitative research; consequently, they had to learn to isolate themes and to use a narrative approach in the article.Practical implicationsResearch implications clearly indicated that using a qualitative (phenomenological) approach with quantitative data created a human and reachable discourse around patient comfort and the realities of immigrants and refugees to E-S countries. The use of this research opens medical practitioners (and patients) to a richer understanding within a usually difficult arena.Social implicationsBy understanding the qualitative nature of medical research, practitioners, students and mentors are able to bridge medical quantitivity to the human, widening doors to social science and medical collaboratory research.Originality/valueAs stated above, this work is important as it understands the human/patient element and de-emphasizes the medical obsession with quantifying the lives of patients through hard data. This is a unique collaboration that relies on the qualitative to pinpoint and define the difficulties of newcomers to E-S countries.

Introduction. The article analyzes visual propaganda during the American Civil War, its goals, methods, and means for both belligerents. The problem is relevant in connection with modern information wars and is insufficiently studied in American and Russian historiography. Methods and materials. The research is based on historicism, objectivity, consistency, dialectical approach, philosophical and sociological theories that study the nature of social consciousness and the factors that influence it, namely the theory of C. Jung on the collective unconscious and archetypal images, the theory of social constructionism by P. Berger and N. Luckmann, the achievements of imagology and discursive analysis. The sources for the study were visual materials: posters, drawings, paintings, cartoons, photographs of the Civil War in the United States, placed in open access on the World Wide Web, published in illustrated periodicals: Harper's Weekly, Frank Leslie's Illustrated, Vanity Fair, The Southern Illustrated News, presented in book publications. Analysis. During the American Civil War, the country was split between northerners, supporters of the Union, and southerners who fought for the independence of the Confederate States. In the conditions of a military conflict, visual propaganda turned out to be most popular and effective. Its goal was to convince the warring parties of the rightness of their own cause, to mobilize society on achieving victory. In the North, the image of the enemy – "Johnny the rebel" – was constructed in order to incite hatred towards the southerners. In the South, the image of the "damned Yankee" was created. Both northern and southern visual propaganda relied on time-tested images (the image of the motherland, the warrior-defender, home and family), as well as on the collective unconscious and archetypes of consciousness associated with religious views and historical roots, used a variety of tools, techniques and methods. The most powerful means of influence were the traditions of the War of Independence, the legacy of the Founding Fathers. The use of national symbols was characteristic: Union and Confederate flags, images of presidents and military leaders. The most common means of visual propaganda were posters and leaflets, postal envelopes, banknotes decorated with patriotic symbols. Drawings and cartoons were an important means of mobilizing the population. They were placed in illustrated newspapers and magazines, and were also printed separately in the form of engravings and lithographs. Visual propaganda played on emotions, it was built on the opposition of "friend/ foe", depicting its supporters as heroes worthy of admiration, and its enemies as insidious, cruel and cowardly. Results. Despite certain similarities in the conduct of propaganda by both warring parties, it turned out to be more comprehensive and effective in the North, which influenced the achievement of victory over the South. Key words: U.S. history, the Civil War of 1861–1865, visual propaganda, the "friend/foe" dichotomy, imagology.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal, un seguimiento a los factores de riesgo o de protección, presentes en el proceso de reinserción familiar de niños, niñas y adolescentes en casas de acogida y otras instituciones facultadas para tal fin, específicamente contextualizadas en la República de Ecuador. Dicha exploración está enmarcada en una investigación documental, de tipo bibliográfica, donde se llevó a cabo una revisión a diferentes artículos científicos, trabajos de investigación y demás publicaciones en revistas, divulgados en la Web; utilizando la técnica del fichaje para la organización y decantación de la información obtenida. Igualmente, con esta investigación se pretende ampliar y actualizar la temática relacionada con los agentes que influyen, ya sea de forma positiva o negativa, en el proceso de reinserción a un núcleo familiar, de aquellos niños, niñas y adolescentes que en algún momento han perdido la protección de su núcleo familiar de origen. Asimismo, brinda conocimientos que servirán de herramienta o insumos para futuras investigaciones en torno al presente contenido. Por estar enmarcada en el contexto de la República del Ecuador, se realizó una indagación en los instrumentos jurídicos vigentes en ese país, enfocándose particularmente en la Constitución Nacional y el Código de la Niñez y la Adolescencia. Finalmente, a manera de conclusión se exponen los criterios del autor, comparándolo con los estudios previamente realizados, en base a los diversos enfoques encontrados.
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study is to monitor the risk or protection factors present in the family reintegration process of children and adolescents in foster homes and other institutions authorized for this purpose, specifically contextualized in the Republic of Ecuador. This exploration is framed in a documentary research, of a bibliographic type, where a review of different scientific articles, research papers and other publications in magazines, published on the Web, was carried out; using the signing technique for the organization and decantation of the information obtained. Likewise, this research aims to expand and update the topic related to the agents that influence, either positively or negatively, in the process of reintegration into a family nucleus, of those children and adolescents who at some point have lost the protection of their family of origin. Likewise, it provides knowledge that will serve as a tool or input for future research on this content. Because it is framed in the context of the Republic of Ecuador, an investigation was carried out into the legal instruments in force in that country, focusing particularly on the National Constitution and the Code for Children and Adolescents. Finally, by way of conclusion, the author's criteria are presented, comparing it with previously carried out studies, based on the various approaches found.

PurposeThe price of a painting is determined by multiple variables, including color-related variables. Colors are important in an economic analysis. This study aims to analyze the paintings executed by Jean-Michel Basquiat (the famous street artist from the 1980s' New York City) and sold at auction to study the potential effect of color intensity, luminosity and color contrast on the prices of his paintings. The authors also study the case of the op art master, Carlos Cruz-Diez, as a robustness analysis to the main results. The analysis that the authors present may be of interest to academicians and to participants in the art market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors run a hedonic regression model considering 306 paintings (executed by Basquiat alone), and 41 works painted collaboratively between Basquiat and Warhol and sold at auction (2003–2017). The data and the images corresponding to each painting were hand-collected from the websites of several auction houses and complemented with information obtained from the Artprice and Blouin websites.FindingsIncreases in color intensity, luminosity and color contrast have a positive effect on art prices. The authors also find that color intensity is even more recognized (as reflected by higher prices) for paintings belonging to Basquiat's most appreciated (understood as most expensive) artistic period (1980–1983) and during the second part of the sample period (2011–2017). The authors find similar results for Cruz-Diez. The authors also estimate that Basquiat's artworks made collaboratively with Andy Warhol are worth 55% less than those made only by Basquiat. An investment in Basquiat's paintings generated an average annual compounded return of 16.81% (2003–2017), clearly overperforming the S&P 500.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the hedonic regression method lies in the need to have a significant and varied sample to identify the true effect of each variable on the price of the good. Another limitation is that we are only able to use art prices from auctions, as this is the only comprehensive source of data that is publicly available. These two limitations are common to all studies that use the hedonic pricing model. This paper has implications not only for the art pricing (and more generally, asset pricing) literature, but also for the fields of psychology and marketing.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that highlights the importance of analyzing the price impact of color intensity throughout the artistic periods of a painter, finding that color intensity is even more appreciated (as reflected by higher prices) for paintings belonging to an artist's most recognized period. In the case of color contrast, the authors present a novel way to estimate this variable.

PurposeThere is limited evidence on the determinants of hospitalisation and its causes in India. This study aims to examine the differential in the hospitalisation rates and its socioeconomic determinants. This study also examines the causes of diseases in hospitalisation among the elderly (≥60 years) in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study used data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organizations, collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The elderly samples in this survey are 42,759, where 11,070 were hospitalised, and 31,689 were not hospitalised in the past year or 365 days. This study estimated hospitalisation rates and carried out binary logistic regression analysis to examine the associations of hospitalisation with the background variables. The cause of diseases in hospitalisations was also calculated.FindingsThe hospitalisation rate was lower among elderly female compared to elderly male. Elderly who belongs to middle-old aged groups, non-married, North-Eastern region, Southern region, general caste, health insurance, partially and fully economically dependent have a higher chance of being hospitalised. About 38% elderly were hospitalised due to communicable diseases (CDs), 52% due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and 10% due to injuries and others (IO). Nearly 40% elderly were hospitalised in public hospitals due to CDs, whereas 52% were hospitalised in private hospitals due to NCDs and 11% due to IO.Research limitations/implicationsFirstly, this study is based on cross-sectional survey due to which temporal ambiguity averted to draw causal inferences. Secondly, other significant factors can also predict hospitalisations and provide insightful results, such as lifestyle factors, behavioral factors, obesity, mental state and several personal habits such as smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, consuming tobacco or other harmful substances. But this information was not available in this study. Even with these limitations, the hospitalisation issues among the elderly are beneficial to understand the current circumstances of CDs, NCDs and injury and other diseases for India and its states to formulate health policy.Practical implicationsEarly screening and early treatment for NCDs are needed, which are non-existent in almost all parts of India. It is essential to necessitate and identify the important factors that best predict hospitalisation or re-visit of hospital admission. Although, the medical advances in India have made rapid strides in the past few decades, it is burdened none the less, as the doctor–patient ratio is very low. It is important to develop preventive measures to minimize the accidents and causalities to avoid substantial cost associated with elderly health care.Social implicationsRaising awareness, promotion of healthy life style and improving the quality of good health-care provisions at primary level is a necessity.Originality/valueThe findings, practical and social implications provide a way forward for the health policymakers to potentially alter the future research to reduce associated comorbidities, unnecessary hospitalisations and other medical complications.

Popular medical knowledge about the therapeutic uses of plant species results from a series of cultural influences passed on to subsequent generations through cultural groups that live closely with nature, observing it and exploring its potential to keep the heritage of knowledge alive. This study aimed to promote the mapping of the use of medicinal plants in the Horto neighborhood community, in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, from March to July 2016. For this, semiannual visits were made, the data were organized based on the knowledge and selection of plants used for the population. After this phase, field visits, on-site workshops, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The data showed that many of the plants used by the community have therapeutic indications scientifically validated with literature data. This study exposed that, in a way, the residents of that community are effectively consuming these plants; however, no observations such as inadequate dosage, possible drug interactions or toxicity were cited. For this reason, this work reveals the need for professionals linked to the Basic Health Units to be qualified to guide the preparation, dosages used, and information on therapeutic safety, conditions of use of these products.

Keywords: Peumus. Ethnobotany. Medicinal Plants. Health Promotion

Resumo
O conhecimento medicinal popular em torno dos usos terapêuticos das espécies vegetais é resultante de uma série de influências culturais passado para gerações seguintes através de grupos culturais que convivem intimamente com a natureza, observando-a e explorando as suas potencialidades para manter vivo o património do conhecimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo promover o mapeamento do uso de plantas medicinais na comunidade do bairro do Horto, no município de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, nos períodos de março a julho de 2016. Para isso, foram realizadas visitas semestrais, os dados foram organizados com base no conhecimento e seleção das plantas utilizadas para a população. Após essa fase, foram realizadas visitas de campo, oficinas in loco e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados mostraram que muitas das plantas utilizadas pela comunidade apresentam indicações terapêuticas validadas cientificamente com dados da literatura. Este estudo expôs que, de certa forma, os residentes dessa comunidade estão efetivamente consumindo essas plantas; no entanto, nenhuma observação como dosagem inadequada, possíveis interações medicamentosas ou toxicidade foi citada. Por este motivo, este trabalho revela a necessidade dos profissionais vinculados as Unidades Básicas de Saúde serem qualificados para promover uma orientação do preparo, dosagens utilizadas e informações sobre a segurança terapêutica condições de uso destes produtos.

Palavras-chave: Boldo. Etnobotânica. Plantas Medicinais. Promoção da Saúde