The discourse on "the information society" developed until the 70's as one of the prevailing discourse in our society; with promises to link information technology and free market with economic growth and human progress. This eventually became something like the official ideology of the European Union as demonstrated by the famous Lisbon strategy to become "the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world" placing "emphasis on the need to adapt constantly to changes in the information society". This discourse about "information society" raised its share of criticism based on technological determinism or the new informational prophecies, Here I think about the works of French authors, like Armand Mattelart, David Forest, Philippe Breton, and so on. This discussion is not intended to review the criticisms, but to go back in time and analyse what can be considered as the first concept of information and society in the wake of the cybernetic movement, in the United States, at the end of the 1940's.Now, briefly, what is cybernetics and how can it claim to be the first discourse about information society?
Discusses information policy issues for electronic information resources, including the scholarly communication process and changes in the relationship between information, the producer, and the user; the right of access to information, including government information; privacy and democratic governance; and intellectual property or ownership of information.
To reduce the chances of policy failures, policy makers need information about the effects of policies. Sometimes, policy makers can rely on agents who already possess the information. Often, the information does not exist yet. This raises two questions. First, how much resources should be devoted to the production of information? Second, should information be produced by a profit- maximizing firm (a private consultant) or by someone who has an interest in policy outcomes (a political adviser)? This paper shows that policy makers may prefer hiring a political adviser for two reasons. First, in contrast to a private consultant, a political adviser need not be fully compensated for exerting effort. Second, a political adviser with moderate preferences produces information of a higher expected quality than a private consultant is induced to do by the optimal monetary incentive scheme. The cost of hiring a political adviser is that she may distort policy decisions by manipulating information. As long as a political adviser is not too biassed, the policy maker prefers consulting a political adviser to consulting a private consultant, even if a political adviser and a private consultant are equally costly. Competition among political advisers is shown to reduce the willingness of political advisers to produce information.
The information agent has requirements in the Information Technology (IT) age that are in everything comparable to those of one hundred years ago. But, despite being similar, they require new forms of implementation due to the evolution of the communication platforms and protocols and to the increase in the amount of information that has to be known, stored, transmitted, and interpreted. Although, in many situations, the information agent will make use of everyday equipment, he will always require levels of trust in the processes that are far beyond those of the everyday citizen. But this cannot imply to carry huge infrastructures that will reveal the agent's intentions. In extreme situations the information agent is the soldier engaged in military activities in hostile environments. There, above all places, he requires light weight trustable equipment and protocols that can perform those tasks. This work, while making the parallel with the traditional methods, proposes a technological environment able to give answer to the requirements of information agents dealing with the need for a competitive intelligence advantage through the correct use of IT, namely biometrics, alternative authentication processes, Public Key Infrastructures and anti-fishing ...
Description based on: No. 241 (July 2, 1941); title from caption. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Issues for June 24, 1940-July 2, 1942 issued by the Office of Government Reports, Office of War Information; July 10-28, 1942, by the Bureau of Public Inquiries, Office of War Information; - by the News Bureau, Office of War Information.
The current political climate is characterized by an alarming pattern of global democratic regression driven by authoritarian populist leaders who deploy vast misinformation campaigns. These offensives are successful when the majority of the population lack skills that would allow them to think critically about information in the political sphere, to identify misinformation, and therefore to fully exercise democratic citizenship. Political science has theorized the link between information and power and information professionals understand the cognitive decision-making process involved in processing information, but these two literatures rarely intersect. This paper interrogates the links between information literacy (IL) and the rise of authoritarian populism in order to advance the development of a new transtheoretical model that links political science (which studies power), information science, and critical pedagogy to suggest new paths for teaching and research. We call for a collaborative research and teaching agenda, grounded in a holistic understanding of information as power, that will contribute to achieving a more informed citizenship and promoting a more inclusive democracy.
Mimeographed. ; Latest issue consulted: M/64/GA (Feb. 24, 1949). ; Description based on M-1/GA (Apr. 19, 1948); caption title. ; 3721/GA Indian Moslems ask Hyderabad to join India -- M27/LC Homage to Mahatma Gandhi -- M/30/LC India goes out to defend world title in hockey -- M/46/LC Indian Independence Day observance in Washington -- M/52/LC Facts on Hyderabad -- M/55/ES India, Pakistan reservations on UNCIP cease-fire proposal -- M/61/LC Commission's report on Kashmir to Security Council -- Indian soldiers' tough life on Kashmir's dizzy heights ; M/47/GA An appreciation of Mahatma Gandhi -- M/48/GA Believe it or not -- M49/GA India's first year of independence -- M/51/GA India at international radio conference -- M/53/GA Aims and methods of Hyderabad Razakars -- M/54/GA Indian Moslems improve operations in Hyderabad -- M/60/GA Nehru, Prime minister of India, is 50 today -- M/62/GA India a non-communal state; Cultural rights of minorities guaranteed; Moslems in high government positions; and, Indian leaders' pledges -- M/63/GA Mahatma Gandhi -- M/64/GA Indian humor ; M/31/GA India implements I.L.O. resolutions : Minister's statement -- M/32/GA Educational planning in India -- M/33/GA Sickness allowance for Indian factory workers -- M/34/GA Foreigners free to enter India -- M/35/GA India to construct 6,000 new tube wells -- M/36/GA $1.52 "pocket money" for Nehru -- M/37/GA Indian Nobel Prize winner in U.S.A -- M/38/GA Social service training for Indian students -- M/39/GA India to manufacture 30,000 tons newsprint annually -- M/40/GA Indian Supreme Court to oust Privy Council's jurisdiction -- M/41/GA Asian Federation of Labor -- M/42/GA 4,400 new primary schools in the United Provinces -- M/43/GA India's request for inclusion of South African question on U.N. Assembly agenda -- M/44/GA Truman assures India of economic aid -- M/45/GA Tributes to Mahatma Gandhi ; M/16/GA India's plan to substitute wood for steel -- M/17/GA India's efforts to improve leather industry -- M/18/GA 4th century B.C. stone implements discovered in India -- M/19/GA 1100-year-old Sanskrit inscription found in Java -- M/20/GA India buys 25-million-dollar locomotives in U.S.A. and Canada -- M/21/GA India to set up her West Point -- M/22/GA Kasturba Gandhi -- M/23/GA "Kashmir story" available -- M/25/GA Kashmir ruler's privy purse reduced to one-tenth -- M/26/GA Indo-American scholars to confer in New Dehli -- M/27/GA Applications invited for research job -- M/28/GA Applications invited for medical jobs -- M/29/GA Unsigned draft agreement between India and Hyderabad ; M-1/GA Voice of Mahatma Gandhi -- M/2/GA Technical and specialist appointments in India -- M-3/GA "The story of my experiments with truth" -- M/4/GA Method of saving palm-leaf manuscripts -- M/5/GA India's first Consul-General in the U.S.A. -- M/6/GA Indian towns correctly spelt -- M/7/GA American medicine for India; and, Indian scientists praise U.S. soil conservation methods -- M/8/GA India to build highest dam in world -- M/9/GA India's new military attache in Washington -- M/10/GA Applications invited for Indian government jobs -- M/11/GA Indian compost more productive than chemical fertilizer -- M/12/GA Buddha -- M/13/GA Relief parcels for India -- M/14/GA One-million-tons of sugar from palm trees -- M/15/GA New Indian airmail stamps to commemorate inaugural flight to U.K. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Part 2: Information Systems, Information Modelling and Semantics ; International audience ; Sharing of open government data is amongst other reasons hindered by incompatibility of data models in different data collections. Only a few areas in the environmental domain have progressed towards commonly used data models. The purpose of this paper is to share with the community a data model which is used in a spatial information platform being built for the purpose of sharing open government data in the domain of water sciences. The objective when building the information model was not to be restricted to one and only one (meta)data standard. The information model therefore uses several standards and extension mechanisms: the ISO19000 series, the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN), dynamic tag extension and dynamic content extension. The CKAN domain model can also be mapped to semantic-web-compatible standards like Dublin Core and the Data Catalogue Vocabulary of the World Wide Web Consortium.
This paper studies the selection of information collecting agents by policy makers in the light of two agency problems. First, it is often hard to ascertain how much effort agents have put in acquiring information. Second, when agents have an interest in the policy outcome, they may manipulate information. We show that unbiased advisers put highest effort in collecting information. Eliminating manipulation of information, however, requires that the preferences of the policy maker and the adviser be aligned. Therefore, policy makers appoint advisers with preferences that are less extreme than their own.
This book chapter presents the authors' theory of Information Interchange. The theory draws upon the authors' earlier research on government and parliamentary information service provision, and on citizens' information behaviour, at the regional, UK and European levels. The theory considers the roles and aims of both the information provider and the information user in assessing the effectiveness of the information communication process. It builds upon the dichotomy that appears to exist between the view of the provider and that of the user.
Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000307 ; Medya çağında gerçekliğe ulaşma, medya teknolojisi aracılığıyla gerçekleşmekte, iletilen enformasyonun niteliğinden çok niceliği önem kazanmaktadır. Bu anlayış çerçevesinde enformasyonun niteliğini oluşturan bilgi, gerçeklik, önem ve anlaşılırlık sorgulanmamaktadır. Enformasyon toplumunun paradokslarından biri olarak adlandırılabilecek bu oluşum içinde dünya, giderek daha fazla bilgisayar ağlarıyla çevrili sosyo-teknik bir sisteme dönüşmekte, bireylerin tüm iletişimsel eylemleri entegre bilgisayar ağlarına işlenmekte, iletişim ve toplumsal algılama giderek medya teknolojilerine bağımlı hale gelmektedir. Medya bize düşünme, eylemde bulunma ve algılama biçimleri sunmaktadır. Yeni teknolojilerin bunaltıcı tek yönlü iletimlerine karşı çıkılamaması enformasyon ve iletim ağı sistemi içinde insanları tehdit etmektedir. İnsanların medyayı siyasal, ekonomik ve örgütsel bağlamı içinde tanımaları sorunun çözümüne bir ölçüde yardımcı olabilecektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı enformasyon kavramının açıklanması, farklı bilim dallarına göre kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi, bilginin medya tarafından iletilirken değiştirilmesi ve yoğun enformasyon sunumu sorunlarının irdelenmesidir. ; In the age of media, the reality is reached by media technology and the quantity of transmitted information is more important than its quality. In the framework of this understanding, the knowledge, the reality, the importance and the clarity that form the quality of the information aren't questioned. In this structure which can be called as the paradox of information society, the world turns into a gradually more socio-technical system surrounded by computer networks, all the communicative actions of people are transferred to the integrated computer networks and communication and social perception become dependent the media technologies gradually. The mass media offers us thinking, taking action and forms of perception. The sweltering unilateral transmissions of new technologies, which cannot be resisted, threatens the people in the information and transmission network system. The recognition of political, economical, organizational context of media by people would help a little bit to the solution of the problem. The aim of this study is to explain the concept of information, to determine its usage according to different science branches and to examine the problem of conversion of the knowledge while transmission by the media and the informational environment which is shaped by the dense presentation of information.
Part 7: IFIPTM 2017 Graduate Symposium ; International audience ; Information has been an essential element in the development of collaborative and cooperative models, from decision making to the attainmentof varying goals, people are adept at making judgment on the trustworthiness of information, based on knowledge and understanding of a normative model of information. Contemporary narrative especially in high-impact contexts like politics, health, business, government and technology, is eroding trust in information, its source, its value and the ability to objectively determine the trustworthiness of a piece of information, a situation made more complex by social networks, social media have made the spread of information easier and faster irrespective of their trustworthiness, hence the need for judgment on the trustworthiness of a piece of information based on social cognitive construct, a trust model for information.
Citizenship information is information produced by or about national and local government, government departments and public sector organisations which may be of value to the citizen either as part of everyday life or in the participation by the citizen in government and policy formulation. This report describes a research project, funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre, which investigated the extent to which members of the UK public have expressed or unexpressed needs for citizenship information, their preferred routes to the acquisition of such information, and the suitability and approachability of the public library, among other agencies, for the user seeking citizenship information. The key elements of the project were: a national survey of almost 1,300 users of public libraries, Citizens Advice Bureaux and other information and advice agencies; another national survey, this time by personal doorstep interview, of almost 900 members of the UK public; a series of 9 focus group discussions with representatives of various sectors or interest groups, such as libraries, CABx and other information and advice agencies. The report discusses the background to the research, as well as the project methodology and major findings. The project found clear evidence that the public encounter situations in which information is required to help solve problems, and that they feel that access to information and freedom of information are very important to them in exercising their rights as citizens. The great majority of respondents saw public libraries as their preferred option in seeking citizenship information, although there were still areas of concern in that there was evidence to show that certain groups, such as disabled people and jobseekers, are less willing to use libraries. There was also a clear emphasis on public libraries as an appropriate location for computerised access to citizenship information, although other public places such as post offices and shopping centres would also attract a ...
The European Union, Canada, and the United States have each grappled with what counts as fair business practices in relation to information services that collect and package personal information that has ended up in one way or another online. On the open internet, this personal information often originates from two types of online sources: public records like arrests, mugshots, court decisions, and bankruptcy records; and user-generated content hosted on social media platforms and sites. This article argues that personal information that has been exposed to public view — be it by a government institution, another individual or organization, or by the data subject him or herself — should not be considered fair game to any and all subsequent commercial exploitation. The blunt concept of "public" information should be refined to a more nuanced understanding of "publicly accessible" information, where public access can be limited to particular purposes. By focusing on fairness in business dealings in publicly accessible personal information, it should be possible to move beyond a fixation on locating the elusive divide between private and public online information, and instead frame privacy as situated in a three-way balance of interests between the business, the public, and the data subject.
The concept of a society based on information and knowledge is becoming the norm in every country, including Spain. The need to have well-designed information policies that allow us to come to terms with the new upsurge of media, technology and services that has taken place in our society is discussed first. Information policies required by these changes in society have been implemented in Spain and are described in relation to the new challenges of the "Society of Knowledge." Similarly, the background and past efforts made in the field of information policy in Spain are analysed, along with the latest government projects that comprise an attempt to get this country to form part of the "Information Society" with the help of the supra-national information policy of the European Union.
