Suchergebnisse

Nuevo Leon plans more than US$1 billion for infrastructure upgrading, with ample opportunities for foreign investment. Monterrey and Nuevo Leon already offer excellent infrastructure, with good highway and rail connections to the U.S. market and impressive urban development. Now investments of up to US$2 billion will provide a new Metro (subway) line, highway upgrades, improved health facilities and a major expansion of the water supply, with significant opportunities for Mexican and international companies. Adapted from the source document.

This volume offers an interdisciplinary and global perspective on aspects of security and defence, with a special focus on the protection of social infrastructures in the face of various forms of violence. It examines some multi-faceted solutions and stresses the need to approach the problem from many disciplines. The optimistic conclusion from this work is that there are concrete and specific ways to address conflict and violence, and the importance of being alert in order to prevent their eventual negative consequences.This work integrates and synthesises theory, research, and public policy analysis in an effort to solve the complex questions and problems presented by this topic, and focuses on a range of topics, including militia and police, law, diplomacy, aggression and conflict studies, and psychology. This encourages a broader perspective and thought-process global collaboration and cooperation, and an integrated synthesis of knowledge. It broadens the conceptualisation of the phenomena under discussion and links them with tangible examples.This book represents an important resource for researchers and students of security and defence, violence, and peace, as well as anyone with an interest in studying methods of protecting critical infrastructures and more specifically of probable the most important social infrastructure, the people, reducing the threats of terrorism from a psychological approach

This paper proposes a floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond, where the interest of a government bond is paid to investors during the period of construction and the early period of operation. Unlike the usual government bond, which provides a fixed interest rate, the proposed floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond pays a floating interest, the rate of which depends on spillover tax revenues. Effective infrastructure projects have a positive effect on the economic growth of a region, known as the spillover effect. When user charges and the return from spillover tax revenues are below the fixed rate of the government bond, the interest rate will equal to the fixed rate of the government bond. In this case, investors in the infrastructure will receive interest on the government bond at the minimum rate. As the spillover effect of the infrastructure increases, the rate of return for infrastructure investment will become greater than the fixed rate of the government bond. The success of the floating-interest-rate infrastructure bond depends on the spillover effect and on transparency and accountability. Policy recommendations are provided in this paper on how to increase the spillover effect and improve transparency and accountability.

Chapter 01-Assembling Calculative InfrastructuresIntroduction1; Economizing Failure; Creating New Entities; Calculating Failure; Making Failure Operational; Rethinking Failure; Conclusion; References; Chapter 02-A Calculative Infrastructure in the Making: The Emergence of a Multi-Layered Complex for Governing Healthcare; Introduction; Governing by Quantification, Calculation and Infrastructures; When is an Infrastructure? Moments of Convergence and Processes of Layering; Making a Calculative Infrastructure for Governing Quality

A quick look at roads of the past and bridges of the present : 99% invisible -- Infrastructure and its supporting institutions must both be redesigned / Thaddeus R. Miller -- Infrastructure suffers because not everyone pays a fair share of taxes / Chuck Collins -- US infrastructure must be improved and maintained / The White House -- Will contamination of water by lead pipes be stopped? / Julia Franz -- How many deaths from collapsed bridges will occur before the infrastructure is repaired? / Dave Schaper -- Overall, infrastructure is not crumbling / Jeffrey Harding -- Latin America must modernize its infrastructure / Marisol Argueta de Barillas -- Bipartisan bickering stalls infrastructure improvements / Heidi Crebo-Rediker -- Multiple factors influence infrastructure improvement / Douglas C. Smith & Kevin L. Kliesen -- Efficiency and private-sector innovation will improve infrastructure / James Pethokoukis -- Urban planning, digital technology, and smart cities' the future is near / Michel Sudarskis -- Local control of infrastructure can make a big difference / Charles Marohn -- Compared to other developed countries, us infrastructure is outdated / Hiba Baroud -- Similar economic benefits in the historical railroad development of US and India / Dave Donaldson -- What are the costs of underinvestment in infrastructure? / Samuel Sherraden and Shayne Henry -- Organizations to contact -- Bibliography -- Index

Intro -- NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK CONCEPT AND PROPOSALS -- NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK CONCEPT AND PROPOSALS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK: OVERVIEW AND CURRENT LEGISLATION -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS AN INFRASTRUCTURE BANK? -- NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK BILLS -- S. 652 "Building and Upgrading Infrastructure for Long-Term Development" -- Structure -- Eligible Projects -- Project Selection Criteria -- Financing Packages -- Funding of AIFA -- S. 936 "American Infrastructure Investment Fund Act of 2011" -- Structure -- Eligible Projects and Types of Financing -- AIIF Project Selection Criteria -- Financing Packages -- Funding of AIIF -- H.R. 402 "National Infrastructure Development Bank Act of 2011" -- Structure -- Eligible Projects -- Project Selection Criteria -- Financing Packages -- Funding of NIDB -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Will a Bank Increase Infrastructure Investment? -- Will an Infrastructure Bank Duplicate Existing Programs? -- Will a National Infrastructure Bank Accelerate Investment? -- What Are the Federal Budgetary Implications? -- Can a National Infrastructure Bank Be Financially Self-Sustaining? -- How Will Projects Be Selected? -- How Might an Infrastructure Bank Be Structured? -- How Might an Infrastructure Bank Be Governed? -- APPENDIX A. BACKGROUND ON INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING -- The Federal Role -- Federal Credit Assistance Programs -- Tax-Favored Infrastructure Bonds -- Public-Private Partnerships -- APPENDIX B. PROJECTS ELIGIBLE FOR FINANCING UNDER LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING: STAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON A NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE BANK AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- Federal Laws Applying to Wastewater Treatment

Intro -- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE -- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES: BACKGROUND, POLICY, AND IMPLEMENTATION -- SUMMARY -- LATEST UPDATE INFORMATION -- INTRODUCTION -- FEDERAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION POLICY: IN BRIEF -- THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION -- PRESIDENTIAL DECISION DIRECTIVE NO. 63 -- RESTRUCTURING BY THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION -- Pre-September 11 -- Post-September 11 -- THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION -- DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY -- Initial Establishment -- Second Stage Review Reorganization -- Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 -- POLICY IMPLEMENTATION -- Government-Sector Coordination -- Appointment of the National Infrastructure Advisory Council -- Internal Agency Plans -- National Critical Infrastructure Plan -- Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) -- Identifying Critical Assets, Assessing Vulnerability and Risk, and Prioritizing Protective Measures -- ISSUES AND DISCUSSION -- Identifying Critical Assets, Functions, and Systems -- Assessing Vulnerabilities and Risk -- Allocating Resources -- Information Sharing -- Regulation -- APPENDIX -- Federal Funding for Critical Infrastructure Protection -- FY2011 DHS Budget Request and Prior Year Appropriations for Infrastructure Protection and Information Security Program and Other Relevant DHS Budget Activities -- IPIS -- Other Infrastructure Related Programs -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 DHS EFFORTS TO ASSESS AND PROMOTE RESILIENCY ARE EVOLVING BUT PROGRAM MANAGEMENT COULD BE STRENGTHENED -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- BACKGROUND -- Critical Infrastructure and the Concept of Resiliency

This paper examines the social life and sociality of urban infrastructure. Drawing on a case study of land occupations and informal settlements in the city of Belo Horizonte in Brazil, where the staples of life such as water, electricity, shelter and sanitation are co-constructed by the poor, the paper argues that infrastructures – visible and invisible – are deeply implicated in not only the making and unmaking of individual lives, but also in the experience of community, solidarity and struggle for recognition. Infrastructure is proposed as a gathering force and political intermediary of considerable significance in shaping the rights of the poor to the city and their capacity to claim those rights. ; This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final version is published by Sage in Theory, Culture and Society here: http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/10/06/0263276414548490.abstract.

Abstract
This essay interprets a 1714 petition by five Black Bostonians as a challenge to the role infrastructure played in racial capitalism's development in colonial New England. It theorizes this petition as an "ante-commons," or a collective action at once before, alongside, and apposite to colonial modes of possession. It further shows how commons in early America did not simply oppose racial capitalism; they often supplemented enclosure, dispossession, and accumulation. Infra this whole story—underneath the extant archives and subsequent settler narratives of colonial New England's racial infrastructure—are intimately intertwined Black and Native lives and lands that unsettled possession in both its individuated and common forms.

Executive SummaryInfrastructure investment can substantially increase a nation's capital stock and thereby boost productive, or supply-side, potential. It can also be useful as a tool in macroeconomic stabilisation, while public spending on quality infrastructure projects has been shown to have significantly greater multiplier effects than tax cuts – so the case for an increasing spend is not undermined by a country's overall debt level.These arguments are especially apposite for post-Brexit UK. Britain's investment performance in general has been especially poor since the 2016 EU referendum. Fixed capital formation as a proportion of GDP is low by international standards, while the government's share of fixed capital formation, at 2.5 per cent, is also below average. It would make sense to target an increase in public and private infrastructure spend to 3.5 per cent of GDP which is the OECD's recommended level.While major infrastructure projects continue to generate controversy on grounds of cost overruns and other issues, UK policy-makers have recently taken a more constructive approach to infrastructure development, notably with the creation of an independent National Infrastructure Commission.But the UK's infrastructure remains unsatisfactory, with significant parts of its energy, water, transport and communications networks in need of renewal or replacement, and infrastructure project delivery remains poor. In summary, much of Britain continues to operate well into the 21st century largely with 20th century, sometimes 19th century, infrastructure assets that are creating bottlenecks, crimping productivity, putting off potential foreign investors, undermining the economy's competitiveness, increasing inequality, and leaving the economy ill-equipped to face future challenges such as Brexit and climate change.The government needs to be bolder, setting out a more ambitious set of priorities including energy projects, regional spending, and fostering capital recycling and private sector investment. A still more ambitious, but eminently feasible, proposal would be to establish a National Investment Bank to offer project guarantees, recommend user fees, lend to projects with the proceeds of National Investment Bonds and simplify planning among other tasks. In a serious downturn, with monetary policy exhausted, the NIB could also help to co-ordinate and finance a response.