Regole ed esempi pratici sulla costruzione di Modelli di Programmazione Lineare Intera per la rappresentazione di task periodici di Applicazioni Real-Time e delle loro interazioni bloccanti; utili per la determinazione del "massimo tempo di blocco" che i processi possono subire, nell'ipotesi: che siano schedulati con strategia "Rate Monotonic Priority Order"; che la politica di gestione degli accessi alle risorse condivise sia quella definita dal protocollo "Priority Inheritance".
This doctoral thesis is focused on the élite of Turin during the late Middle Ages, with particular regard to parental structures and their reproductive strategies. In fact, the deep changes occurred in the élite between 12th and 14th century are not only the result of the political decisions of the Dukes of Savoy and of the demographic crisis, but also the outcome of economic and social choices of the families. The research aims at showing how behaviours and events within parental groups have an effect on the political and social changes of the citizenship, taking into account residential patterns, economic strategies, inheritance models and financial investments. On the one hand, different combinations of these elements, in which inheritance patterns play an essential role, are crucial for the duration and success of parental groups; on the other hand, they have a significant impact on the political balances of the families and the élite.
In Japanese history the establishment of the ie, or family system, on which patriarchal authority was based, represents one of the most important turning points. The ie that came into being from the late eleventh century onwards, differs from the uji that had characterized previous eras, not so much on account of its patriarchal system but because it would place the married couple in prime position. The family, previously made up of a man engaging in occasional relationships with a number of women, would gradually become a more stable nucleus comprising of a husband with a wife who enjoyed a legally recognized position of privilege compared with all the other concubines. After her husband's death, she would naturally become a sort of substitute figure, often gaining considerable authority and prestige. With the threat of the Mongolian invasions (from 1274 and 1281) and the consequent increase in limitations on women's inheritance rights, many widows were forced to take vows as a sign of loyalty and tangible proof of their choice not to remarry if they were to secure their husband's property. The literary production of Nun Abutsu (1225 ca.-1283 ca.) written in a period which led to the inevitable breakdown of the economic, social, and political balance of Japan, offers a realistic description of women's ambitions, duties and concerns in an era of great transformation. In a close reading of her major works Abutsu no fumi (The letter of Abutsu,1264 ca.), Utatane (Fitful slumbers, XIII century) and Izayoi nikki (The Diary of the sixteenth night moon, 1280 ca.), the book casts light on some important issues in Japanese women's history: the gradual shift from uxorical to virilocal marriage, the consequences of this process for inheritance patterns, the meaning of women's participation in the intellectual life of their time.
[Mobility between Army, City Senates and Bureaucracy in the Legislation of the Emperor Valentinian] In the later Roman empire, the sons of soldiers were legally compelled to follow in their father's footsteps. However, several laws of Valentinian I from the years 371-2 show how in practice the constraints were far less rigid than the imperial constitutions themselves prescribed. Sons of veterans are attested within the city senates or in service in the offices of the bureaucracy; likewise, officiales made their entry into the army. The imperial chancellery recognized the legitimacy of some of these situations which, while contradicting the principle of the inheritance of the function, had to prove advantageous for the same authority.
Nella seconda metà del Seicento i Notarbartolo, grazie alle attività economiche e alle alleanze matrimoniali portate avanti da Francesco senior (1630-1704) e dai suoi due figli, Gaetano (1655-1705) e Placido senior (1657-1701), costruiscono il nucleo del proprio patrimonio fondiario e passano dalla condizione di possidenti e benestanti di Caltanissetta, alla condizione di feudatari di provincia insigniti di un titolo baronale e in possesso di tre feudi di cospicua estensione. La politica matrimoniale adottata mira all'accrescimento del patrimonio e del potere, attraverso la creazione di una rete di alleanze; talvolta i matrimoni garantiscono, tramite l'apporto delle doti, la solidità economica necessaria all'acquisto di un nuovo feudo, in altri casi consentono di creare un legame con una famiglia in difficoltà, al fine di appropriarsi dei suoi possedimenti feudali. Prima ancora di avere effettivamente consolidato il proprio potere a livello locale, alcuni membri della famiglia – prima Placido senior e poi il figlio Francesco junior (1686-1750) – si spostano a vivere nella capitale, mentre il resto della famiglia continua a risiedere nei luoghi della recente affermazione, cooperando nella gestione del patrimonio fondiario. Sarà Francesco junior a traghettare i Notarbartolo nell'Olimpo dell'aristocrazia palermitana, mettendo in atto strategie che poco hanno a che fare con il possesso dei feudi e molto più con la gestione delle cariche pubbliche. Egli approfitta con abilità e lungimiranza della complessa congiuntura politica segnata da repentini cambi di dinastia e riesce a compiere una straordinaria ascesa politica e sociale, costruendo con abilità la propria carriera politica e ottenendo, grazie ad un'intelligente scelta matrimoniale, il titolo di duca di Villarosa. Nei decenni centrali del Settecento, al termine di un percorso di costruzione del potere durato quattro generazioni, con il solidale coinvolgimento di tutti i membri della famiglia in un vero e proprio "gioco di squadra", i Notarbartolo duchi di ...
The problem of a woman's role in an Islamic world evokes today a lot of emotions in the context, on one hand, of bigger and bigger sensibility of the world on the equality of rights of sex, and on the other wider presence of Muslim communities in cultures which are traditionally strange or directly reluctant to Islam.The author stipulates that her article is not an attempt of judging a woman's position in an Islamic world, but only a presentation how a woman's role in shown by the Quran and Islamic traditions in the womb of Muslim communities which have different tints dictated by legal or mental interpretations. Contemporary legislation of Islamic states has a fundamental place in the article.A figure of a woman appears in the text of Quran very often, even more often than in the Bible. However, a woman in the Quran appears rather as an impersonal form, without any specific name, and rather as an area of certain rules used towards her. A special exception is Blessed virgin, the Mother of Jesus whose name is repeated in the Quran more often than in Gospels. Muhammad appreciated a woman's value when he took her situation into consideration in times contemporary to him. He gave her what she did not have in that tribal culture of Arabic people e.g. equality in nature to a man, right to succeed, recognition of birth of a daughter as God's blessing.However, taking into consideration appropriate texts of the Quran showing a woman as a creature having her own dignity, created like a man by God, as well as texts of different traditions, or contemporary sharias, one thing cannot be given to a woman – the equality of rights.It is visible in many facts presented in the article, for example: religious admissibility, legal polygamy and its actual existence, practically a woman cannot take the first step to divorce, a woman cannot marry a non-Muslim, factual "belonging" of children to a father, and not to a father and mother, different levels of impossibility of gaining education depending on local legislation or customs, ...
The events of April 26, 1478, better known as the Pazzi Conspiracy, were one of the ruling forces that shaped Florence between the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century. In the immediate aftermath the main conspirators, Archbishop Salviati, and Jacopo and Francesco de' Pazzi, were killed and their families stripped of their properties and either exiled or imprisoned. This dissertation follows the fate of the nephews of Messer Jacopo de' Pazzi, starting from their return to Florence in 1494, through one of the legal battles they wagered against the Florentine elite, to recover the Pazzi inheritance. The Pazzi-Serristori trial (1495-1515) is a lesser known inheritance trial wagered by Jacopo de' Pazzi's heirs against the Serristori, the family of Jacopo's wife, Maddalena. The two families battled each other for almost twenty years in front of two different courts of law: the Tribunale della Mercanzia (from 1495 to 1496 and from 1509 to 1510), and the Tribunale del Consiglio di Giustizia (from 1512 to 1515). The material requests of the Pazzi family – masserizie of the Pazzi palace and the property of a country enclosure in Petriuolo – are not enough to explain such a long and complicate trial; but the political inclinations of the key players are. This trial became a dispute between the followers of the new republican regime and the hard-core Medicean partisans who, even with the Medici exile in 1494, had not abandoned their leading positions in the city. The Pazzi story and the first complete biography of Archbishop Francesco Salviati are two sides of the same coin: they both represent a ?non-change? in a sea of social, political and economic revolutions. Pardoned by the new government as they may have been, their deeds against the Medici in 1478 were not as easily forgotten by the rest of the population of Florence. Gli eventi del 26 aprile 1478, meglio noti come la congiura dei Pazzi, furono una delle forze che contribuirono a modellare la città di Firenze tra la fine del XV e l'inizio ...
The volume collects nine essays on Italian politics, economics, and law during Fascism. Some are dedicated to the ideal objectives of corporatism, aiming at the renewal of politics, institutions and culture, and the objectively dismal results of the implemented policies. Economic researches analyze the debated abolishment of the inheritance tax in the 1923, and the various policies proposed by some Italian economists to counter the disastrous effects of the Great Depression. Specific attention is also given to the problem of the development of Italy's southern regions. An essay is further dedicated to the influence of corporatism and idealism on the mathematical economist Bruno de Finetti. In the field of law, authors investigate the long lasting features impressed by Fascism on Italian administrative law and, in general, the permanence of a typically Fascist magniloquent style in the Italian jurisdictional language. Lastly, as suggested by title of this volume, a chapter analyses the social and political thinking of Carlo Rosselli, leading anti-fascist intellectual who paid dearly for his dissent.
The centenary of the October Revolution was spent in a cultural and political climate that was certainly not favorable to free intellectual confrontation and very little available to evaluate reasons and inheritance of an event that, whatever our subjective judgment may be, represents a radical change of pace in the history of humanity which cannot be ignored. This has conditioned any analytical attempt to deal in a "disinterested" manner with the biography of the Russian revolutionary, preventing the evaluation of his entire intellectual and political production without prejudice. However, if Lenin is framed as an example of historiographic teratology, it becomes difficult to evaluate his role in a scientific perspective and it becomes impossible to understand the features of a theory that, apart from Russian events, has opened to Marxism the doors of distant and peripheral continents, making possible revolutionary processes not even imaginable according to the canons of the old Western Marxism, linked to the paradigms of determinist positivism. Historical Materialism; Dialectics; Revolution.
Is it possible to think progress and history not as a mere succession of facts but as a process involving a complex and determinate meaning? Marxism (and its political history, which cannot be reduced to crime nor completely justified in the name of an ideal) still offers us a critical-conceptual apparatus, able to analyze the concrete reality of our times with lucidity and accuracy. The quality of its methodology and tools is the most important inheritance of Marx and Engels' lesson. In this perspective, we absolutely need to keep philosophical criticism and historical memory together. This choice implies the loss of that side of Marxism that indulges to philosophical-ideological predictions (and therefore to forms of prophetism) and the pursuit of a critical theory of society that, thanks to Gramsci's indication, gives us a dynamic conception of history. A conception that moves from the objectivity of history, but at the same time emphasizes the role of subjectivity and its freedom.Keywords: Progress; Historicism; Marxism; Gramsci.
The thesis aims to identify the salient and peculiar features of the Aragonese political poetry. First of all I have defined a corpus of texts that focuses on encomiastic themes and secondly I have provided an overview of the genres used, with particular attention to the most exploited narrative models (especially Petrarch's Triumphs). Each chapter concetrates on a single author noting the elements of continuity and discontinuity with respect to the group of Aragonese poets. The Aragonese political poetry shows a strong link with the history: beyond the transfiguration and the hyperbolic exaltation, events and real characters are always easily recognizable and also the insistence on some symbols is always justified by a recall to a real fact. Aragonese Poetry has also a strong ethic nature, inheritance of political treatises of Maio and Pontanus. The political theme often assumes such an importance that determines the develop of the entire narrative and ideological work, replacing the erotic and penitential subjects. In various ways and in different forms Aragonese poets actively contribute to create a propaganda system made of symbols and allegories celebrating the ruling family and show a keen awareness of the political concepts they proposed in their works.
The purpuse of my thesis is to identify the ways in which genetic studies (Sandoval et al., 2016, Barbieri et.al 2017) can relate with social, political and cultural life of the indigenous Kichwa people of San Martín district, in the Amazon forest. When geneticists return the results of their investigations to indigenous populations, they interact with traditional pre‐existing interpretative schemes. So these studies can become part of some political arenas, confirming or rejecting the origins of myths. In San Martín, biomolecular investigations generated an interesting debate: the results, produced through the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome, refuted the traditional Kichwa myth. The goal of my ethnographic study is, therefore, to investigate the interaction between Kichwa people and geneticists: this specific ethnographical exemple can remark how some considerations on the constitution of corporeity, human beings, memory and history can be observed starting from a new point of view: the encounter between two different ways of conceiving the human being. First of all, my study wants to define deoxyribonucleic acid as a "tool" capable of shaping the symbolic world of the human being, not as a predetermined natural element. Kichwa indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon Forest have been facing, for several years, a territorial conflict due to the establishment of a Regional Conservation Area on their homelands. In order to question the legitimacy of native claims, the Regional Government of San Martín puts forward the hypothesis of the Andean kichwa migration. On the other hand, several NGOs hope to help this native people, using biomolecular investigations that scientifically certify its Amazonian origins and, consequently, its ancestral relationship with the surrounding territories. However, the natives seem lukewarm to the uncritical acquisition of a strategic discourse based on the rhetoric of 'temporal primacy' and continue to consider their own territorial claims using a "relational model" of the environment (Ingold, 2000). Thus, despite having assimilated an ancestral-genetic discourse, they reshape it in light of a native conception of territory. The latter, far from being considered an inheritance transmitted from one generation to the other, is seen as a complex network of present and active relationships between the living, the dead and medical plants. This ethnographic case highlights a big misunderstanding about the concepts of "ancestry" and "territory" whose meaning, in the native sphere, overcomes limits imposed by national jurisdiction and legal terminology. Kichwa population, far from uncritically importing the western category of "genetic inheritance", demonstrates great creativity reshaping and relating it to the indigenous conception of "territory" and "history". The myth about Kichwa andean origin and biomolecular studies represent, for any Western reader, two opposite alternatives. But, for a part of Kichwa population, these two different narratives of the past are not mutually exclusive. The last goal of this research is there to identify elements of indigenous ethnophysiology, which allow them to accept the coexistence of two self-excluding representations of the past.
The Article 457 c.c. expressly excludes the contract by the sources of the succession. Moreover, the article 458 c.c., apart from the initial brief aside dedicated to the institute of the family pact, agrees nullity of the agreements with whom someone decides its own succession as well as those with which the future successor could decide about his rights or renounce to them about a succession not yet open. However, for a long time, the Italian doctrine wonders about the role of the contract within the succession law. It feels, in fact, the need to expand the private autonomy within the inheritance that is excessively sacrificed by the prohibition of succession agreements and by the norms for the protection of legitimate heirs. The reasons which led the legal science to these conclusions are based on different events, both social and economic, that push the interpreter to a modernization of dogmatic categories with which he can represent the succession mortis causa. In addiction, it is necessary to underline the crisis of the agreements mortis causa due to this economical and social events: as a matter of fact, the will, as the only way to give the assets post mortem, revealed itself incomplete and extremely severe compared to the new social needs. In fact, increasingly the way to give the assets happens out of the inheritance and despite to the institutions designed by the law. For these reasons, in order to adapt the system of succession to modern economic and social needs, the doctrine has identified, within the system, institutions of a contractual nature in order to better achieve the interests of private, obviating the limits assigned to the shop last will. And recently, in this context, our legislator has introduced the institution of the family pact (art. 768 bis et seq. c.c.), that is the agreement through "the entrepreneur transfers, in whole or in part , the company, and the holder of equity investments transfers, in whole or in part, its shares, to one or more descendants". While, however, part of the doctrine encourages the provision of tools that enable a person to have in advance of his succession, on the other hand there are those who promote the centrality of the will within our legal system and calls for the revitalization in respect of its vast potential is not always adequately exploited. This research aims to verify whether the contract can find importance within the phenomenon of succession for the inter vivos transfer of family assets and if the same has the characteristics to be considered a working alternative to the will. In the present work will be analyzed, in addition, some of the institutions that the doctrine has considered alternatives to the will and particularly the institution of the family pact. The survey will also be directed to the limits that the private autonomy and the legislator met in the use of the contractual instrument, limits that are mostly originated by the rules and principles of the law of succession.
Sul finire del soggiorno fiorentino, dopo pochi mesi dalla seconda edizione della "Vita militare", Edmondo De Amicis pubblica sull'Italia militare, periodico che avvia la sua carriera letteraria, un contributo singolare: "Ugo Foscolo Ufficiale". È la prima versione, oggi quasi dimenticata, dell'articolo poi riedito nei "Ricordi del 1870-'71" e denominato "Il Capitano Ugo Foscolo". La metamorfosi del titolo è solo il sintomo epidermico di una revisione che scompagina il contributo tanto nella facies linguistica quanto nel contenuto, secondo la prassi di perpetuo labor limae dei propri scritti appresa nel salotto Peruzzi. Il presente contributo contestualizza le due versioni dell'articolo nella biografia linguistico-letteraria di De Amicis, analizzando i mutamenti e i motivi degli stessi in relazione agli scopi, ai pubblici e alle sedi di pubblicazione. ; After the second edition of "Military life in Italy" and at the end of his stay in Florence, Edmondo de Amicis published an opinion article, "Ugo Foscolo Ufficiale", in "L'Italia militare", the magazine where he began his literary career. It is an almost unknown first version of another article entitled "Il Capitano Ugo Foscolo" contained in "Ricordi 1870-'71". The title change was only a superficial sign of the revision regarding content and linguistic aspects, an inheritance of Emilia Peruzzi's writing lessons. The study aims to contextualize these two different versions of De Amicis' article within his literary and linguistic biography. It also analyzes the changes between the versions regarding their scopes, readers and types of editions.
