Suchergebnisse

The article is dedicated to one of the fundamental social problems – the problem of inequality in the field of education and the mechanisms of its reproduction. The author's view of the problem is related to understanding the evolution of the institute of education in the light of the accompanying scientific discourse, which usually starts with the issue of equal access to educational resources, and then emphasizes on discussing the possibilities for equality of educational outcomes. The author traces several main stages that reveal the progressive movement of the institutional nature of education, especially in the direction of expanding its accessibility, openness and efficiency, which at the same time remains firmly embedded in the existing system of stratification. Attention is paid mainly to the analysis of the way in which the institutional instruments in the form of selection and differentiation are materialized in the complex mechanisms and realities of the pedagogical process and contribute to the exacerbation of educational inequalities.

Policy-Orientated Research in Britain - Some Institutional Mechanisms

Transparency Transparency means the continuous sharing of information, decision making, and implementation should be open. It is not sufficient that should simply be made available. It must also be reliable and presented in useful and understandable ways in order to facilitate accountability.[1]Information should be accessible in that every citizen can participate in the debates. Such information helps to ensure a level playing field and encourage the effective participation of all social groups and partnership between different sectors. Transparency makes the institution and organizations more responsible.[2] Transparency refers to availability of information to the general public and clarity about government rules, regulations and decisions. Transparency refers to unfettered access by the public to timely and reliable information on decision and performance in the public sector. Access to accurate and timely information about the economy and government policies can be vital for economic decision making by the private sector. Transparency in government decision making and public policy implementation reduces uncertainty and can help inhibit corruption among public officials. Different Dimensions of Transparency Transparency is to be ensured different dimensions namely,[3] 1. Openness in public dealings; 2. Right to information relating to the service delivery process; 3. Right to information relating to criteria and their applications; 4. Right to information relating to public expenditure/contract; 5. Enactment relating to the right to information; 6. Code relating to access to information; and 7. Openness in the cost of the project, quality standard, etc Transparency in Bangladesh: Legal Mechanism Access to information is very much important for ensuring transparency in the administration. The easy access to information can create awareness about peoples' right and responsibilities of the government. People can take part in the development and decision-making process upon information and shall have the due ...

The maritime industry had for long, recognized the relevance and significance of arbitration as a method of dispute resolution. The industry has been utilizing quasi-ad-hoc mechanism in conducting its arbitrations. Of recent, the industry is witnessing a phenomenal shift from the traditional quasi –ad-hoc mechanism to institutional mechanisms whereby special administrative centers dedicated to the resolution maritime disputes are being established to administer the dispute resolution. Recently, the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, pursuant to Decree No (14) of 2016 had established Emirates Maritime Arbitration Center with the objective of settling local and international maritime disputes using alternative dispute resolution methods. The paper investigates the two approaches of ad-hoc vs institutionalism of administering dispute settlement in the maritime industry from a tailored analytical tool of 'access to arbitration' mirrored on the well-established legal principle of access to justice.

Studies on village governance in Indonesia, especially in the maritime areas since the passage of new village law regulations, have not been so comprehensive in analyzing coastal village governance. This article aims to describe and analyze village governance in enhancing public accountability. The study was conducted by taking the case of coastal villages in South Sulawesi. We have carried out some analyses by identifying issues with institutional mechanisms and civic forums. The results show generally minimal community involvement in the governance of coastal villages and low capacity of the village governments. The practice of coastal village governance shows a tendency to place more emphasis on administrative accountability than public accountability. These two main problems focus on three factors: institutional relations in village governance, the way social organizations work in local communities, and cultures. These three factors differ in practice from one another in how they determine the level of accountability in each village. However, in principle, their main characteristic is a weak presence of good governance in the community and village government in the Indonesian coastal area.

This article examines the institutional mechanisms affecting the environment and economies of the member countries of international environmental agreements (IEAs), particularly focusing on the legalization and flexibility aspects of IEAs. To identify the factors that influence the consequences of IEAs, we applied the Bayesian probit model to a database including 123 IEAs related to 23 international environmental regimes. The environmental consequences data were taken from the existing database and rescored (Böhmelt and Pilster 2010 ; Breitmeier et al. 2006 ), and unintended economic consequences were identified using data from 209 countries. Legally binding IEAs showed a significant improvement of environmental performance, but a significant decrease was related to the presence of inflexible rules. Moreover, decision-making flexibility was positively related to environmental improvement, and negatively related to regime body flexibility. The economic consequences model showed a positive significant impact of the secretariat's independence on the economies of member countries, while legally binding IEAs showed negative effects. All flexibility elements showed positive impacts on economic consequences. In our research, IEA uncertainty had negative effects on both the environmental and economic aspects; however, we observed positive relationships in the environment and economic analyses when IEAs promoted public goods.