Suchergebnisse

Nearly thirty years after the restoration of democracy, the time has come to consider the major transformations brought about in the Spanish political system. This article, making use of a great volume of empirical data relating to citizen attitudes, seeks to measure the degree of institutionalization of Spanish democracy. The results of this analysis underscore the high level of acceptance of the transition to democracy & of the institutions it has created. Democracy itself, the state of the autonomies, the development of the welfare state & European integration are its principal features. Even so, a few areas of shadow remain in the area of civic behavior that lead to questions about the extent to which a wholly new political system has emerged. Adapted from the source document.

From 1990 on, public policy analysis has progressively been introduced into the field of Africanism. Along with such development, however, comes a controversy: the relevance of that specific mode of study of the management & regulation of societies would not be pertinent with regards to Africa. Indeed, this continent would symbolize the absence of political power institutionalization; disorder would appear as a more adequate mode of regulation. This contribution will emphasize, on the contrary, that such an approach substantially enlarges the political approach of Africanism. Adapted from the source document.

Solidarity associations, which have been claiming to take part in the process of social observation, are now participating in the National Observatory on Poverty & Social Exclusion, but the institutional device in which this participation takes place tends to undermine the scope of their "conquest." The statute through which they participate ("qualified personalities") as well as their recruitment procedures induce a serialisation of the nonprofit group & lessen the representativity of its members. Others factors such as the place & the rhythm of the meetings increase the asymmetric between what can hardly be taken as a nonprofit "body" & the representatives of public statistics institutions. Among the nonprofit members who have decided not to exit the Observatory, critical loyalism appears to be the predominant attitude. The critical attacks against the institution & the knowledge it produces mainly come from outsider groups. Therefore, one can wonder if participation in the Observatory does not induce an institutional conversion of nonprofit contestation & a growing consent to institutional science. Adapted from the source document.

In spite of a legal framework hostile to cultural pluralism, dynamic mobilizations with regard to regional languages take place in France. This paradox is examined through the mechanisms of institutionalization of a linguistic policy in Brittany, which permits to understand the role of the law when it is seized by the collective action generated by territories. The implementation of the pays indicates that the linguistic issue is weakly perceived by the main actors of the territories, the "elus." This evokes the importance of the collective action in the institutionalization of the law, but also the weak prospects for democratic governance in France. Adapted from the source document.

The authors of this article propose a number of analytical elements complementary to historical institutionalism. A number of these are drawn from the French school of public policy analysis, & its notion of the "refeentiel," which here is revised & generalized. This allows a renewed emphasis on the role of actors at the heart of the analytical approach & heralds a return of the notion of politics, here defined as the dynamic interaction of power & legitimacy in the context of an institutionalized decision-making framework in the study of the making & implementation of public policy. Adapted from the source document.

Impact and consequences of the transformations in the former Soviet bloc, the reunification of Germany, and institutionalization of elements of pan-European economic and political unity; 7 articles. Includes discussion of trade between the EEC and Eastern European countries.

Examines change in the view of Nigeria as the model African country on the road to industrialization, to the view of the country as an international outcast, due to continuing alternating civil and military regimes, and institutionalization of corruption; 1990s, chiefly. Summaries in English p. 470 and Spanish p. 485-6.

The rise of civilian self-defense groups in various states across Mexico since 2011 bear witness to the powerlessness and corruption of state bodies confronted with the pervasiveness of organized crime. With no clear strategy, the State is currently wavering between the institutionalization and the dissolution of these groups. However, neither of these avenues make sense without the police and legal institutions regaining credibility at a national level. Adapted from the source document.

In Morocco, cannabis cultivation represents the most significant source of hard currency in the national economy. Drug profits give rise to networks of corruption and clientelism that run from villages to the highest levels of authority, eventually reaching Europe. The pretense of repression accompanies the institutionalization of these networks in the Moroccan political economy. And Europe remains silent about this crop cultivation, the eradication of which could provoke the mass emigration of Moroccan peasants. (Pol afr/DÜI)

This article proposes an exploratory research design in order to apprehend the territorial dynamics of social and solidarity-based economic experience. Examples are taken in three Southern European regions (Aquitaine, Spanish Basque Country) Emilia Romagna). Four research directions are scrutinized: the historical inheritance signaled by an overlapping between social economy, territorial socio-economy and political culture; the different construction of categories (social economy) third sector,...); the institutionalization of social economy at the regional level; the dynamics of europeanization. Adapted from the source document.

This text is a translation of a little-known article from the famous American political scientist Murray Edelman (1919-2001), initially published in 1978 under the title "Space and the Social Order" (Journal of Architectural Education, 32 (2)). In his comments, initially addressed to architects and architecture scholars, M. Edelman analyzes the specific role of spaces and architectural settings in the institutionalization of social order and, in particular, in the reinforcement of symbolic hierarchies and categories that underlie this one. Adapted from the source document.