All penal institutions in the US have recreation programs, though they vary in extent because of limitations of space & facilities. Prison admin'tors recognize that well-directed recreation is vital to an adequate program for effecting the rehabilitation of the inmate. Progress toward securing sufficiently extensive recreation lags because of inadequate financing & is hindered because the public is apathetic to institutional needs in this respect. AAAPSS.
Societies controlled by custom or social structure are far older than societies governed by law. These customary or primad societies have methods of control, though different from those of political societies. The primad society is essentially small and democratic. Can the democratic institutions of primad societies be maintained with political societies? Law is a recent social development centering around the origin of kings. The function of law is to maintain inequality. In primad societies where there is general equality, law is inoperative. In political societies law is enforced through courts and organized force, but in primad societies the culture is maintained and conformity produced by mutual reciprocity, emotional involvement, and a uniform PO created through discussion. A further source of unity and stability is kinship and its obligations. The discussion group or council is a feature of all primad societies, but different for nomadic and settled peoples. The nomads use an ad hoc council system to attain unanimity while the settled peoples maintain a more permanent arrangement. Can this democratic council or discussion system of securing uniformity be maintained within the framework of an European administration? Where the council's powers are restricted, it soon ceases to function. J. E. Hughes.
