Nowadays, when the progress in society is so fast and family situation is changing a lot, more and more functions of human education are transferred to social work institutions. There are quite many studies made that reveal the concept and functions of effective management. But there are almost no studies that would reveal the specific factors of the management in social work institutions. The identification of such factors could complement the list of management factors and would be useful for preparation and selection of social work institutions managers. Besides, if such factors would be identified it would be possible to give recommendations for those social work institutions, that are just starting their work and that are willing to reach high level of the social quality service. At the moment when social work institutions gain stronger and stronger comparative authority in the aspect of society progress such studies are essential. The object of this research is the success factors in the management of a social work institution. The aim of this research is to reveal the success factors of management of a social work institution pointed out by the managers of social work institutions. To reach the aim such goals were stated: 1. To find out what are the main factors determining the successful activity of social work institution. 2. To explore what is most important for the managers of social work institutions while seeking for effective activity. 3. To identify what is "the good manager of social work institution" according to the managers of social work institutions. 4. To explore what are the main difficulties met by managers of social work institutions in their activities. 5. To find out what would the managers of social work institutions change when seeking for more qualitative development of social work institutions. 6. To define the differences in management: a) Of Christian social work institution and any non Christian social work institution; b) Non governmental social work institutions and public social work institution; c) Social work institution based in the capital and the one based in a region. While seeking the aim of the research there was made a qualitative research and made interviews with experts who are the managers of different social work institutions. Four experts were selected by purposive sampling. They manage the social work institutions that are pretty well know in public. When selecting the public social work institution it was taken into account that this institution is one of the biggest in the capital. One of the criteria when selecting the Christian and non governmental organizations was that those organizations were know as often funded and those working on many projects. Three experts that work in Vilnius and one expert that represent one of the regions of Lithuania (he works in a public social work organization) participated in this research. One of the three experts working in the capital is the manager of a non governmental social work institution – foster home, one is managing a Christian social work institution and one is the manager of public social work institution. The data gathered during interviewing is analyzed and interpreted hereunder according to the methodology of qualitative data analysis. After analyzing the data there was made three groups of success factors in the management of social work institutions, assigned the abilities of the manager in social work institutions and assigned factors according to the different profile of social work institutions.
Nowadays, when the progress in society is so fast and family situation is changing a lot, more and more functions of human education are transferred to social work institutions. There are quite many studies made that reveal the concept and functions of effective management. But there are almost no studies that would reveal the specific factors of the management in social work institutions. The identification of such factors could complement the list of management factors and would be useful for preparation and selection of social work institutions managers. Besides, if such factors would be identified it would be possible to give recommendations for those social work institutions, that are just starting their work and that are willing to reach high level of the social quality service. At the moment when social work institutions gain stronger and stronger comparative authority in the aspect of society progress such studies are essential. The object of this research is the success factors in the management of a social work institution. The aim of this research is to reveal the success factors of management of a social work institution pointed out by the managers of social work institutions. To reach the aim such goals were stated: 1. To find out what are the main factors determining the successful activity of social work institution. 2. To explore what is most important for the managers of social work institutions while seeking for effective activity. 3. To identify what is "the good manager of social work institution" according to the managers of social work institutions. 4. To explore what are the main difficulties met by managers of social work institutions in their activities. 5. To find out what would the managers of social work institutions change when seeking for more qualitative development of social work institutions. 6. To define the differences in management: a) Of Christian social work institution and any non Christian social work institution; b) Non governmental social work institutions and public social work institution; c) Social work institution based in the capital and the one based in a region. While seeking the aim of the research there was made a qualitative research and made interviews with experts who are the managers of different social work institutions. Four experts were selected by purposive sampling. They manage the social work institutions that are pretty well know in public. When selecting the public social work institution it was taken into account that this institution is one of the biggest in the capital. One of the criteria when selecting the Christian and non governmental organizations was that those organizations were know as often funded and those working on many projects. Three experts that work in Vilnius and one expert that represent one of the regions of Lithuania (he works in a public social work organization) participated in this research. One of the three experts working in the capital is the manager of a non governmental social work institution – foster home, one is managing a Christian social work institution and one is the manager of public social work institution. The data gathered during interviewing is analyzed and interpreted hereunder according to the methodology of qualitative data analysis. After analyzing the data there was made three groups of success factors in the management of social work institutions, assigned the abilities of the manager in social work institutions and assigned factors according to the different profile of social work institutions.
The aim of study "Resocialization peculiarities of youth, returned from confinement institutions" – to analyze resocialization conception in scientific literature, to research what kind of programs are used for youngsters, returned from confinement institutions, how governmental programs help for adaptation and reintegration to the society of young offenders. The study represents the youth, returned from confinement institutions resocialization research results. 180 respondents have participated in the research: 30 officers from correction inspections (age average – 34,80, SD = 5,80) and 150 youngsters, returned from confinement institutions (age average – 19,72, SD = 1,31). In conclusion we can say that, programs proved by Prison department at the Ministry of Justice of Lithuanian Republic are only educative, not approved for real situation, non-effective. There are no programs for resocialization of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions under 18 years old. The main problem which youngsters meet after returning from confinement institutions is to find job. The officers in helping for youngsters get to "traps" of law. Sometimes law system doesn't help, but block resocialization. For resocialization process of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions very important are social support from family, the officers and community motivation to help for young person, the motivation of youngsters to change themselves and their behavior, the negative influence of surrounding environment. In Correction inspections there is lack of psychologist, and there is lack of psychological help and support for offenders. The respondents suggests that for resocialitation of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions improvement are necessary to change law system and initiate structural and organizational changes in correction inspections, to invite and involve more non-governmental, public organizations to the resocialization process if we want non-fragmental resocaliotaion process, but systematic and complex. The recommendations for youngsters, returned from confinement institutions resocialization process improvement are represented in the study for Prison department at the ministry of Justice of Lithuanian Republic.
The aim of study "Resocialization peculiarities of youth, returned from confinement institutions" – to analyze resocialization conception in scientific literature, to research what kind of programs are used for youngsters, returned from confinement institutions, how governmental programs help for adaptation and reintegration to the society of young offenders. The study represents the youth, returned from confinement institutions resocialization research results. 180 respondents have participated in the research: 30 officers from correction inspections (age average – 34,80, SD = 5,80) and 150 youngsters, returned from confinement institutions (age average – 19,72, SD = 1,31). In conclusion we can say that, programs proved by Prison department at the Ministry of Justice of Lithuanian Republic are only educative, not approved for real situation, non-effective. There are no programs for resocialization of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions under 18 years old. The main problem which youngsters meet after returning from confinement institutions is to find job. The officers in helping for youngsters get to "traps" of law. Sometimes law system doesn't help, but block resocialization. For resocialization process of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions very important are social support from family, the officers and community motivation to help for young person, the motivation of youngsters to change themselves and their behavior, the negative influence of surrounding environment. In Correction inspections there is lack of psychologist, and there is lack of psychological help and support for offenders. The respondents suggests that for resocialitation of youngsters, returned from confinement institutions improvement are necessary to change law system and initiate structural and organizational changes in correction inspections, to invite and involve more non-governmental, public organizations to the resocialization process if we want non-fragmental resocaliotaion process, but systematic and complex. The recommendations for youngsters, returned from confinement institutions resocialization process improvement are represented in the study for Prison department at the ministry of Justice of Lithuanian Republic.
Research problem. One of the ways to ensure public order is to impose sanctions for breach of law. Administrative sanctions as a remedy of administrative liability have a special place among the remedies of legal constraint. There is a need of effective and quick reaction to tackle great number of administrative offences and to ensure adequate prevention of administrative offences as well as criminal acts. Although the state responds to offence by implementing the jurisdictional function, which in a state governed under democratic principles is carried out by the court (one of the three constituent elements of governance), social reality testifies that the role of executive institutions in resolving the issues of legal liability for offence is increasing. Under currently effective provisions of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Lithuania authorization to impose sanctions for administrative offence is granted to a few tens of public administration institutions. Does such a situation correspond to the principle of separation of powers and what is the basis of such legal regulation? In fact, Lithuanian, and not only, science of Administrative Law often raises the problem of administrative offence as well as the problem of legitimacy of administrative sanctions which is closely related with the justice implementation function of administrative institutions. Actually, the administrative institution while imposing sanctions for administrative offence becomes a quasi-court involved in jurisdictional activities. This problem roots from the inconsistence of modern public administration system with Article 109 of the Republic of Lithuania Constitution, which reads that justice shall be executed solely by court. Execution of justice means determination of the case circumstances, finding a person guilty and imposing a fair instrument of action. According to the Constitution the right to find a person guilty and to impose a fair instrument of action is vested to the court and the judge. Meanwhile, up to now the executive institutions are empowered to implement these functions of justice. Therefore, public administration institutions, in addition to administration, implement the function of justice and therefore contradict the principle of separation of powers. This idea, expressed by many authors, has been still ignored by legislators not only in Lithuania, but in foreign states as well. Conversely, a tendency to make a social impact by implementing administrative sanctions imposed in a simpler and prompter manner is observed much more frequently and in wider areas of public life. On the other hand, the affer to leave the examination of all cases of administrative offence to courts would be difficult to implement and perhaps unnecessary. Finally, we may see that neither the constitutional jurisprudence nor the European Court of Human Rights requires for that. Nevertheless, the statutory regime necessary for the implementation of administrative sanctions has to be identified and defined. Meanwhile, authoritative entities of judiciary law, basing themselves on the similarities in the nature of administrative and criminal sanctions, categorically maintain that the principles of criminal justice should be applied to administrative justice. Such a requirement is paradoxical though. Presumably, if a person charged with administrative offence is given the same guarantees as a criminal offender and legal proceedings are of the same type as criminal proceedings, the administrative liability as independent type of legal liability and institution of administrative law would lose its identity. Therefore there is a search for compromise in many different legal systems, which shows that principles of criminal jurisdiction, when transferred into the area of administrative sanctions, become inverted from the point of view of subject matter. Considering all this problematic aspects of implementing lawfulness (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege), non-retroactivity of law (lex retro non agit) and prohibition to institute a legal action twice for the same cause (non bis in idem) in judicial activities of quasi judiciary institutions shall be resolved . The issue of guilt as a subjective element of administrative punishment remains of great importance. Topicality of the dissertation research. Administrative Code, being the key act of law aimed at regulating legal relationship of administrative liability, was adopted during the soviet times. Obviously, significant changes have taken place in political, social and economic life and these changes are reflected in modified legal regulation. After the protection of human rights became the main objective of the state and the guiding values cardinally shifted from the primacy of state over the citizen towards the primacy of citizen over the state, the legal regulation of administrative liability had to be changed. Attempts to adopt a new law complying with the spirit of democratic states still remain fruitless. We may assume that the legislator has not decided yet which model of administrative liability regulations should be the most acceptable. Such assumption is confirmed by unsuccessful attempts criticized by many authors to automatically translate general provisions of criminal liability to the Administrative Code draft now being worked on. Thus, when legislation problems in the area of administrative liability are being solved the issue of the body executing the liability has remained the most acute. Discussions often reveal an opinion that implementation of sanctions by administrative institutions should be more an exception than a rule while cases of administrative offence should be settled in courts. Unfortunately, this idea is confirmed neither by Lithuanian nor foreign practice; on the contrary, opinions supporting the development and expansion of administrative jurisdiction prevail. In that case the problem of legitimacy of exercising jurisdiction by administrative institutions from the point of view of separation of powers laid down in the Constitution remains unsolved and thus retains its topicality. Finally, the scope of the principles of administrative liability in Lithuania is still unclear and undefined thus leading to incompliance of statutory regulation with legal practice. Dissertation research object. This doctoral thesis focuses on social relationship created in the light of administrative sanctions imposed by quasi-judicial institutions and statutory regulation of such relationship. Dissertation research goal is to analyze in a systematic manner and evaluate the legal basis of jurisdictional activities of quasi-judicial institutions in different countries, the principles applied in jurisdictional activities of these institutions and to propose guidelines for improving the institution of administrative liability in Lithuania. The following objectives were set to this end: 1. Introduce the notion of jurisdictional activity and reveal its relationship with administrative jurisdiction. 2. Disclose the notion of administrative sanction and examine the administrative sanction doctrines in different states pointing out the fundamental features of administrative sanction. 3. Analyze the models of quasi-judicial institutions implementing administrative sanctions and assess their jurisdictional activity from the point of view of constitutional legitimacy. 4. Evaluate statutory regulation of administrative jurisdiction and problems of executing it in Lithuania in 1918-1990. 5. Reveal the basic principles and the scope of jurisdictional activity of quasi-judicial institutions. Scientific novelty and practicality of dissertation research. This thesis is an attempt to have a deeper insight to the problems of statutory regulation and execution of administrative liability. Although sufficient attention is paid to this issue in the science of Lithuanian Law witnessed by scholar discussions on one or another aspect of the problem, the present thesis is the first attempt to give a doctrinal and systematic review of quasi-judicial institutions in exercising the powers of administrative sanctioning and the basis of jurisdictional activity. The thesis analyses in great detail doctrines of administrative sanctions of different democratic states (e.g. France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy etc.) and attempts to determine and distinguish essential features of administrative sanctions with the aim to develop guidelines for modelling the institution of administrative liability in Lithuania. The research work is not limited to a mere analysis of legal norms but gives an assessment of legal regulation exercised through jurisdictional activities of quasi-judicial institution from the point of view of constitutional and administrative jurisprudence, thus enabling to determine the dysfunctions of legal regulation and potential solutions. The novelty of the thesis lies in the attempt to define the basic principles of quasi-judicial institutions' jurisdictional activity by revealing their scope and problems of implementation. As Lithuanian legislators are currently working on the drafts of Administrative Code and legislative act aimed at regulating the administrative proceedings, this research thesis revealing the problems of administrative liability legal regulation and guidelines for potential improvement also has a practical value. Assertions defended in the dissertation. Administrative sanctions implemented by quasi-judicial institutions represent the institute performing a potentially effective role of social regulator and jurisdictional activity carried out by those institutions is acceptable for the legal system of a democratic state from the point of view of constitutional legitimacy. Activities of quasi-judicial institutions executing jurisdictional authorizations are subject to the principles of criminal jurisdiction, however with certain exclusions that w
Research problem. One of the ways to ensure public order is to impose sanctions for breach of law. Administrative sanctions as a remedy of administrative liability have a special place among the remedies of legal constraint. There is a need of effective and quick reaction to tackle great number of administrative offences and to ensure adequate prevention of administrative offences as well as criminal acts. Although the state responds to offence by implementing the jurisdictional function, which in a state governed under democratic principles is carried out by the court (one of the three constituent elements of governance), social reality testifies that the role of executive institutions in resolving the issues of legal liability for offence is increasing. Under currently effective provisions of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Lithuania authorization to impose sanctions for administrative offence is granted to a few tens of public administration institutions. Does such a situation correspond to the principle of separation of powers and what is the basis of such legal regulation? In fact, Lithuanian, and not only, science of Administrative Law often raises the problem of administrative offence as well as the problem of legitimacy of administrative sanctions which is closely related with the justice implementation function of administrative institutions. Actually, the administrative institution while imposing sanctions for administrative offence becomes a quasi-court involved in jurisdictional activities. This problem roots from the inconsistence of modern public administration system with Article 109 of the Republic of Lithuania Constitution, which reads that justice shall be executed solely by court. Execution of justice means determination of the case circumstances, finding a person guilty and imposing a fair instrument of action. According to the Constitution the right to find a person guilty and to impose a fair instrument of action is vested to the court and the judge. Meanwhile, up to now the executive institutions are empowered to implement these functions of justice. Therefore, public administration institutions, in addition to administration, implement the function of justice and therefore contradict the principle of separation of powers. This idea, expressed by many authors, has been still ignored by legislators not only in Lithuania, but in foreign states as well. Conversely, a tendency to make a social impact by implementing administrative sanctions imposed in a simpler and prompter manner is observed much more frequently and in wider areas of public life. On the other hand, the affer to leave the examination of all cases of administrative offence to courts would be difficult to implement and perhaps unnecessary. Finally, we may see that neither the constitutional jurisprudence nor the European Court of Human Rights requires for that. Nevertheless, the statutory regime necessary for the implementation of administrative sanctions has to be identified and defined. Meanwhile, authoritative entities of judiciary law, basing themselves on the similarities in the nature of administrative and criminal sanctions, categorically maintain that the principles of criminal justice should be applied to administrative justice. Such a requirement is paradoxical though. Presumably, if a person charged with administrative offence is given the same guarantees as a criminal offender and legal proceedings are of the same type as criminal proceedings, the administrative liability as independent type of legal liability and institution of administrative law would lose its identity. Therefore there is a search for compromise in many different legal systems, which shows that principles of criminal jurisdiction, when transferred into the area of administrative sanctions, become inverted from the point of view of subject matter. Considering all this problematic aspects of implementing lawfulness (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege), non-retroactivity of law (lex retro non agit) and prohibition to institute a legal action twice for the same cause (non bis in idem) in judicial activities of quasi judiciary institutions shall be resolved . The issue of guilt as a subjective element of administrative punishment remains of great importance. Topicality of the dissertation research. Administrative Code, being the key act of law aimed at regulating legal relationship of administrative liability, was adopted during the soviet times. Obviously, significant changes have taken place in political, social and economic life and these changes are reflected in modified legal regulation. After the protection of human rights became the main objective of the state and the guiding values cardinally shifted from the primacy of state over the citizen towards the primacy of citizen over the state, the legal regulation of administrative liability had to be changed. Attempts to adopt a new law complying with the spirit of democratic states still remain fruitless. We may assume that the legislator has not decided yet which model of administrative liability regulations should be the most acceptable. Such assumption is confirmed by unsuccessful attempts criticized by many authors to automatically translate general provisions of criminal liability to the Administrative Code draft now being worked on. Thus, when legislation problems in the area of administrative liability are being solved the issue of the body executing the liability has remained the most acute. Discussions often reveal an opinion that implementation of sanctions by administrative institutions should be more an exception than a rule while cases of administrative offence should be settled in courts. Unfortunately, this idea is confirmed neither by Lithuanian nor foreign practice; on the contrary, opinions supporting the development and expansion of administrative jurisdiction prevail. In that case the problem of legitimacy of exercising jurisdiction by administrative institutions from the point of view of separation of powers laid down in the Constitution remains unsolved and thus retains its topicality. Finally, the scope of the principles of administrative liability in Lithuania is still unclear and undefined thus leading to incompliance of statutory regulation with legal practice. Dissertation research object. This doctoral thesis focuses on social relationship created in the light of administrative sanctions imposed by quasi-judicial institutions and statutory regulation of such relationship. Dissertation research goal is to analyze in a systematic manner and evaluate the legal basis of jurisdictional activities of quasi-judicial institutions in different countries, the principles applied in jurisdictional activities of these institutions and to propose guidelines for improving the institution of administrative liability in Lithuania. The following objectives were set to this end: 1. Introduce the notion of jurisdictional activity and reveal its relationship with administrative jurisdiction. 2. Disclose the notion of administrative sanction and examine the administrative sanction doctrines in different states pointing out the fundamental features of administrative sanction. 3. Analyze the models of quasi-judicial institutions implementing administrative sanctions and assess their jurisdictional activity from the point of view of constitutional legitimacy. 4. Evaluate statutory regulation of administrative jurisdiction and problems of executing it in Lithuania in 1918-1990. 5. Reveal the basic principles and the scope of jurisdictional activity of quasi-judicial institutions. Scientific novelty and practicality of dissertation research. This thesis is an attempt to have a deeper insight to the problems of statutory regulation and execution of administrative liability. Although sufficient attention is paid to this issue in the science of Lithuanian Law witnessed by scholar discussions on one or another aspect of the problem, the present thesis is the first attempt to give a doctrinal and systematic review of quasi-judicial institutions in exercising the powers of administrative sanctioning and the basis of jurisdictional activity. The thesis analyses in great detail doctrines of administrative sanctions of different democratic states (e.g. France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy etc.) and attempts to determine and distinguish essential features of administrative sanctions with the aim to develop guidelines for modelling the institution of administrative liability in Lithuania. The research work is not limited to a mere analysis of legal norms but gives an assessment of legal regulation exercised through jurisdictional activities of quasi-judicial institution from the point of view of constitutional and administrative jurisprudence, thus enabling to determine the dysfunctions of legal regulation and potential solutions. The novelty of the thesis lies in the attempt to define the basic principles of quasi-judicial institutions' jurisdictional activity by revealing their scope and problems of implementation. As Lithuanian legislators are currently working on the drafts of Administrative Code and legislative act aimed at regulating the administrative proceedings, this research thesis revealing the problems of administrative liability legal regulation and guidelines for potential improvement also has a practical value. Assertions defended in the dissertation. Administrative sanctions implemented by quasi-judicial institutions represent the institute performing a potentially effective role of social regulator and jurisdictional activity carried out by those institutions is acceptable for the legal system of a democratic state from the point of view of constitutional legitimacy. Activities of quasi-judicial institutions executing jurisdictional authorizations are subject to the principles of criminal jurisdiction, however with certain exclusions that w
Thesis "The Participation of the Lithuanian Non-Governmental Organisations in the Decision Making Processes of Public Administration Institutions" analyzes the collaboration between non governmental organizations and public administration institutions. Government and third sector relationship is analyzed comparing empirical data which is collected form primary and secondary resources, fulfilled quantitative and qualitative research, theories of a method of institutional analysis and network models. The main aim of this thesis – to analyze theoretical and practical non-governmental organizations' possibilities to represent citizens' interests and collaborate with central governments' and local municipalities' institutions. This thesis analyzes the idea of institutional analysis theories and the part of institutions in the area of public policy, explaining relationships between individuals' and institutions' while analyzing how the rules of such relationships are defined and applied. In the first part of this thesis the formal groups' – non-governmental organizations' possibilities to participate in the decision making processes and public policy forming is analyzed. Thesis investigates the possibilities of "from bottom" rising initiatives to apply in public administration system of Lithuania, the principles of non-governmental organizations' establishment and their significance, as well as analyses the definitions of the non-governmental organization. The second part of this thesis analyses the inclusion of interest groups' into public policy formation while evaluating the possibilities of social learning concepts to adapt to Lithuania. Fulfilled quantitative and qualitative researches answer the question how central government institutions consult with NGO and how their include NGO into decision making processes. Explores NGOs' representation principles and public administration institutions' choices with whom to collaborate while making decisions. In the third part the situation of the local government institutions' and NGOs' collaboration is analyzed. In this part the comprehensive review of Lithuania's municipalities and NGO collaboration analysis is presented. It presents the good practice examples as well, which show that formalized and institutionalized relationships between NGOs and local government institutions create bigger possibilities for democratic decision making and NGO representation system.
Thesis "The Participation of the Lithuanian Non-Governmental Organisations in the Decision Making Processes of Public Administration Institutions" analyzes the collaboration between non governmental organizations and public administration institutions. Government and third sector relationship is analyzed comparing empirical data which is collected form primary and secondary resources, fulfilled quantitative and qualitative research, theories of a method of institutional analysis and network models. The main aim of this thesis – to analyze theoretical and practical non-governmental organizations' possibilities to represent citizens' interests and collaborate with central governments' and local municipalities' institutions. This thesis analyzes the idea of institutional analysis theories and the part of institutions in the area of public policy, explaining relationships between individuals' and institutions' while analyzing how the rules of such relationships are defined and applied. In the first part of this thesis the formal groups' – non-governmental organizations' possibilities to participate in the decision making processes and public policy forming is analyzed. Thesis investigates the possibilities of "from bottom" rising initiatives to apply in public administration system of Lithuania, the principles of non-governmental organizations' establishment and their significance, as well as analyses the definitions of the non-governmental organization. The second part of this thesis analyses the inclusion of interest groups' into public policy formation while evaluating the possibilities of social learning concepts to adapt to Lithuania. Fulfilled quantitative and qualitative researches answer the question how central government institutions consult with NGO and how their include NGO into decision making processes. Explores NGOs' representation principles and public administration institutions' choices with whom to collaborate while making decisions. In the third part the situation of the local government institutions' and NGOs' collaboration is analyzed. In this part the comprehensive review of Lithuania's municipalities and NGO collaboration analysis is presented. It presents the good practice examples as well, which show that formalized and institutionalized relationships between NGOs and local government institutions create bigger possibilities for democratic decision making and NGO representation system.
The article analyses the problem of conflicts in imprisonment institutions. It reveals the nature of conflicts, the reasons causing conflicts, the approach to the conflicts of convicted ones and persons working in imprisonment institutions, etc. Scientific literature is illustrated with data of empirical research. The goal of research is to define communication peculiarities, to discuss conflict situations that mostly start in imprisonment institutions and ways to solve it. Research tasks: to discuss communication problems and challenges in imprisonment institutions, to sort out the origin of conflicts and their significance in imprisonment institutions. The research was carried out in Lukiskes probationary ward -- jail (LPW-J). For the research were chosen lifer persons, fatigue persons, officers working in the institution and freelancers, like psychologists, etc. Research batch: 154 sentenced persons and 34 persons working in the institution. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama konfliktų įkalinimo įstaigose problema. Atskleidžiamas konfliktų pobūdis, jas sukeliančios priežastys, nuteistųjų ir dirbančiųjų įkalinimo įstaigose požiūris į konfliktus ir etc. Apibrėžiama socialinio darbo reikšmė įkalinimo įstaigoms. Nagrinėjama konfliktų reikšmė nuteistiesiems bei su jais dirbantiems asmenims. Apibendrinta mokslinė literatūra iliustruojama empirinio tyrimo duomenimis.
In order to implement the EU environment acquis administrative capacity is required. During the transitional periods, negotiated with EU administrative capacity of environmental administrative institutions must be strengthened. However those institutions must have adequate project management, planning, fund-absorbing capacity during transitional periods. At the moment it is vitally important to strengthen the institutional basis, to provide institutions with relevant resources, to empower them with adequate authority. The lack of administrative capacity may cause dysfunctions within various administrative systems. The outcome of the lack of administrative capacity is analyzed in the presentation. The reasons of inadequate administrative capacity are also analyzed. The practical examples of administrative capacity of institutions, participating in the development of waste management system and water run-out system are presented. The nature and structure of administrative capacity is also examined. Presentation also provides with capacity building recommendations.
This master thesis provides the analysis of aspects of disciplinary and official liability of the persons (employees and statutory civil servants) working in statutory institutions. Following the valid legislation (pursuant to the current version of 27 November 2006) and the judicial practice, the paper aims at the comparison of disciplinary and official liability of the personnel of statutory institutions by distinguishing their similarities and differences. The thesis consists of three parts, the first of which analyses the peculiarities of the legal status of the statutory institution. The second section focuses on the issue of the concurrence and differentiation of the concepts of official and disciplinary liabilities. Furthermore, in the final third part of the paper the collation of separate aspects of official and disciplinary liabilities ensures the possibility to compare them. To sum up, it may be emphasised that disciplinary and official liability of the personnel of statutory institutions include some similar aspects, though each of them bear a number of diverse specific features. Even though disciplinary liability of employees working under employment contracts in statutory institutions is attached to the category of general disciplinary liability, however, it may be assumed that the question of particular consideration of it in legal acts or distinguishing it as specific disciplinary liability is debatable. Furthermore, it shall be observed that different legislative regulation of official liability of statutory civil servants in statutory institutions is predetermined by the differentiation of official relations, as it is highlighted in the judicial practice of the Constitutional court.
This master thesis provides the analysis of aspects of disciplinary and official liability of the persons (employees and statutory civil servants) working in statutory institutions. Following the valid legislation (pursuant to the current version of 27 November 2006) and the judicial practice, the paper aims at the comparison of disciplinary and official liability of the personnel of statutory institutions by distinguishing their similarities and differences. The thesis consists of three parts, the first of which analyses the peculiarities of the legal status of the statutory institution. The second section focuses on the issue of the concurrence and differentiation of the concepts of official and disciplinary liabilities. Furthermore, in the final third part of the paper the collation of separate aspects of official and disciplinary liabilities ensures the possibility to compare them. To sum up, it may be emphasised that disciplinary and official liability of the personnel of statutory institutions include some similar aspects, though each of them bear a number of diverse specific features. Even though disciplinary liability of employees working under employment contracts in statutory institutions is attached to the category of general disciplinary liability, however, it may be assumed that the question of particular consideration of it in legal acts or distinguishing it as specific disciplinary liability is debatable. Furthermore, it shall be observed that different legislative regulation of official liability of statutory civil servants in statutory institutions is predetermined by the differentiation of official relations, as it is highlighted in the judicial practice of the Constitutional court.
In der Magisterarbeit " Verfassungsrechtlicher Begriff des Staatsdienstes" wird der in der Rechtsbasis der Republik Litauen erklärte verfassungsrechtliche Begriff des Staatsdienstes analysiert. Bei der konsequenten und ausführlichen Erklärung des verfassungsrechtlichen Begriffes des Staatsdienstes der Republik Litauen wird die Entwicklung des Staatsdienstes von der Zeit der Unabhängigkeitsverkündigung bis zum heutigen Tag erörtert, die zum größten Teil von der offiziellen Jurisprudenz des Verfassungsgerichtes der Republik Litauen und vom sich verändernden Verständnis über die Staatsregierung und über die öffentliche Administration beeinflusst wird. Bei der Analyse der in der Verfassung festgelegten Grundsätze, die die Hauptformierungsaspekte des Staatsdienstes als System und dessen Forderungen beeinflussen, werden nicht nur in den Verfassungsgrundsätzen festgelegte Forderungen an die Organisation und Funktion des Staatsdienstsystems erörtert, sondern auch da werden verfassungsbegründete Kriterien sowohl für das Staatsdienstsystem im Allgemeinen als auch für Staatsbeamte selbst analysiert. In der Arbeit wird das System der staatlichen Institutionen dargelegt, das nach dem Prinzip der Regierungsteilung organisiert ist. In diesem System der staatlichen Institutionen gibt es Institutionen, die die staatliche Regierung in der Republik Litauen unmittelbar ausüben, wie es in der Verfassung steht, und die bei deren Verwirklichung mithelfen. Jede von denen erfüllt eine bestimmte Kompetenz und konkreten Umfang von Funktionen, die eine gemeinsame Aufgabe tragen, den allgemeinen öffentlichen Interessen der Gesellschaft zu dienen und soziale Harmonie zu sichern.
In der Magisterarbeit " Verfassungsrechtlicher Begriff des Staatsdienstes" wird der in der Rechtsbasis der Republik Litauen erklärte verfassungsrechtliche Begriff des Staatsdienstes analysiert. Bei der konsequenten und ausführlichen Erklärung des verfassungsrechtlichen Begriffes des Staatsdienstes der Republik Litauen wird die Entwicklung des Staatsdienstes von der Zeit der Unabhängigkeitsverkündigung bis zum heutigen Tag erörtert, die zum größten Teil von der offiziellen Jurisprudenz des Verfassungsgerichtes der Republik Litauen und vom sich verändernden Verständnis über die Staatsregierung und über die öffentliche Administration beeinflusst wird. Bei der Analyse der in der Verfassung festgelegten Grundsätze, die die Hauptformierungsaspekte des Staatsdienstes als System und dessen Forderungen beeinflussen, werden nicht nur in den Verfassungsgrundsätzen festgelegte Forderungen an die Organisation und Funktion des Staatsdienstsystems erörtert, sondern auch da werden verfassungsbegründete Kriterien sowohl für das Staatsdienstsystem im Allgemeinen als auch für Staatsbeamte selbst analysiert. In der Arbeit wird das System der staatlichen Institutionen dargelegt, das nach dem Prinzip der Regierungsteilung organisiert ist. In diesem System der staatlichen Institutionen gibt es Institutionen, die die staatliche Regierung in der Republik Litauen unmittelbar ausüben, wie es in der Verfassung steht, und die bei deren Verwirklichung mithelfen. Jede von denen erfüllt eine bestimmte Kompetenz und konkreten Umfang von Funktionen, die eine gemeinsame Aufgabe tragen, den allgemeinen öffentlichen Interessen der Gesellschaft zu dienen und soziale Harmonie zu sichern.
