The increasing complexity of the social world forces transformations within public policies, which are trying to adapt to the dynamically changing reality. The implementation of new management techniques in line with the model of metagovernance appears to be a common formula of such adaptation. The model involves complementing the existing management models with horizontal networks of public policy stakeholders as well as establishing the policy regarding three principles - of the required diversity, required reflexivity, and ironic attitude. Public cultural institutions that serve the role of framework institutions support the implementation of new management techniques, primarily by means of creating new and supporting existing networks of cultural policy stakeholders. The description of the institution is based on in-dept-interviews with individuals involved in the creation of public policy in the area of culture pursued in the second half of 2018.
Occurrence of ethical problem is forced them in research of total institutions by character. It belongs to biggest ethical problems in case of total institution in the course of research: - protection privacy respondent and at publication of result in accordance with staff; - behavior neutrality equal as well as subordinates; - disclosure secret environmental. Concentration on variable, which limit subjectivism of collected data has in research of total institutions in forceful winning objective data about functioning in accordance with society of reality ethical dilemmas meaning this exclusive not increasing simultaneously.
Galleys as the closed/ total institution, is regarding the whereabouts of the certain number of people isolated for a long stretch from the rest of society, remaining in the similar situation, of which the behaviour is under almost the total control of the staff of this institution. In the period of the antiquity slaves were the basic driving force of galleys but their fate resulted from the social status. In the period of the Middle Ages, galley slaves, called in Italian galeotti, they were free people, and their profession enjoyed the respect. Above all in France they have more and more often started with the 15th century to use galleys as the place of serving a penalty of imprisonment. This situation lasted to the mass scale till the XVIII century second-half, leaving in the social awareness stereotype of the galley slave.
Religious institutions are kind integral areas, in which spatial complex is subordinated to social complexes. Intellectuals as order of society owns big influence as idea on forming integral area relatively and as realities. Total institutions are invariable kind of integral area from many year. Sacral area is not enclave from social conditionality excluded entirely, can be treated independently on social context. Modern sacral buildings refer to trends of modern architecture frequently more, separateness of sacral area in smallest degree underlining, on symbolic pronunciation more putting.
House of social welfare is a place, people live in which from different respects in families strip capability of life. Determination of house of social equipment functioned as a closed total institution in sociology , which is place of stay of number of certain person isolated on longest period from the rest of society. Each self-governed unit leading stationary institution of social welfare should process program of serviceman of gradual liquidation or limitation of meaning of physical barrier and symbolic barrier on direct enclosing this institution.
Favela is a place in the social space which is generating amongst their residents staying features typical of persons in total institutions. In Polish reality are functionings three favel's kinds - post- PGR housing estates, high-rise block housing estates, workers' districts and the poor districts. Living people in favelas can't see the link between the hard work and the internal development. Such people usually want achieve socially not having accepted cells of accepted socially agents of their accomplishment, i.e. the education, the network of contacts, the classification and financial means. He remains the exit R. Merton's form of the innovative adaptation.
The author of the article poses a few questions and proposes some answers concerning cultural applicability of the partnership and dialogue institutions. The core of the mentioned problem revolves around the ability of cultural adaptation of the formal EU norms. The theory and method used in the analysis is aim-functional which is oriented on the research into concrete cultural enclosing of formal institutions. The empirical thread of the argument is the Polish case of partnership and dialogue institutions in the European structural and investment funds. The text presents an attempt to supplement a discussion about the direction and shape of the public policy with significant threads which are often being pushed to the margin of analytical attention and public practice. On one hand, the goal, method and style of narration refers to the patterns of the participatory models of public policy known from the publications of Western authors. On the other, to the Polish empirical analyses and theoretical generalizations. The main thesis is simple as repercussion of day and night, but still seems not well understood: the predominance of cultural institutions over formal ones. It brings result in requirement of modifying the mutual relations towards more partnership and deliberative.
Functioning and noticing cooperative and national agricultural farm as total institutions is connected with comprehending the collectivization, understood as converting individual agricultural farm into farming cooperatives (v. RSP, the collective farm), of craftsman's workshops into production cooperatives, and the like and of large manors into agricultural farm stewarded by the state. In frames of all institutional forms of cooperative and national planting the earth some stamps of total- institutions became discernible the concentration of functioning on the homogeneous area relatively isolated in terms of physics or culturally from the social environment, the division into subordinates and the staff, functioning of second living in the institution in such conditions are an Effect of functioning of people dominating of a welfare state mentality and the lack of the initiative in search for employing outside the domicile.
Socio-economic transformation as profound and thorough reform of the system and institutions promotes corruption practices and can be the mean to fight against one, too. Two kinds of understanding of corruption may be indicated: narrow (pathologic and functional interpretation) and wider underlined the neo-institutional argumentation, pointing out to systemic and structural causes of corruption. A theoretical and practical problem remains, whether corruption are of systemic nature (fundamental institution), or are secondary (consequence institutuion). The analysis of corruption, may be done by means of the new institutionalism and consequence theories: transaction costs, theory of property rights, theory of clubs, principal-agent theory, theory of asymmetry information, capture theories, rent seeking theory, theory of games and theory of public choice. The dynamics of the polish economy and wide researches of corruption (the differences between perceiving and experiencing) indicates that the corruption factors which paralyse the economic development have not dominated the economic system in Poland as yet, and that system maintains its autonomy. Still, typical corruption-clientelistic societies are contemporary not common, in Poland too. The above problems do not change the fact that corruption are a major problem and in the long run would causes loss of competitiveness polish economy on the global market. ; Społeczno-ekonomiczna transformacja jako głęboka reforma systemu i instytucji przyczynia się do korupcyjnych praktyk, ale może być też narzędziem w walce z tym zjawiskiem. Występują dwa rozumienia korupcji: węższe (patologiczna i funkcjonalna interpretacja) i szersze podkreślające argumentację neoinstytucjonalną (systemowe i strukturalne źródła korupcji). Teoretycznym i praktycznym problemem pozostaje więc, czy korupcja ma naturę systemową (fundamentalna instytucja), czy drugorzędną (instytucja pochodna). Narzędziem badań może być nowy instytucjonalizm i zawierające się w nim teorie: kosztów transakcyjnych, praw własności, klubów, pryncypała-agenta, asymetrii informacji, .zawłaszczenia, pogoni za rentą, teorii gier i teorii wyboru publicznego. Dynamika polskiej gospodarki i szerokie badania korupcji (różnice między jej postrzeganiem a doświadczeniem) wskazują, że korupcyjne czynniki, które ograniczają wzrost ekonomiczny nie zdominowały jeszcze polskiej gospodarki i zachowuje ona swoją autonomię. Typowe społeczeństwa klientelistyczno-korupcyjne nie są obecnie zjawiskiem powszechnym, także w Polsce. Nie zmienia to jednak tego, że korupcja pozostaje głównym społecznym problemem i dłuższym horyzoncie czasowym może powodować utratę konkurencyjności polskiej gospodarki na globalnym rynku.
Socio-economic transformation as profound and thorough reform of the system and institutions promotes corruption practices and can be the mean to fight against one, too. Two kinds of understanding of corruption may be indicated: narrow (pathologic and functional interpretation) and wider underlined the neo-institutional argumentation, pointing out to systemic and structural causes of corruption. A theoretical and practical problem remains, whether corruption are of systemic nature (fundamental institution), or are secondary (consequence institutuion). The analysis of corruption, may be done by means of the new institutionalism and consequence theories: transaction costs, theory of property rights, theory of clubs, principal-agent theory, theory of asymmetry information, capture theories, rent seeking theory, theory of games and theory of public choice. The dynamics of the polish economy and wide researches of corruption (the differences between perceiving and experiencing) indicates that the corruption factors which paralyse the economic development have not dominated the economic system in Poland as yet, and that system maintains its autonomy. Still, typical corruption-clientelistic societies are contemporary not common, in Poland too. The above problems do not change the fact that corruption are a major problem and in the long run would causes loss of competitiveness polish economy on the global market. ; Społeczno-ekonomiczna transformacja jako głęboka reforma systemu i instytucji przyczynia się do korupcyjnych praktyk, ale może być też narzędziem w walce z tym zjawiskiem. Występują dwa rozumienia korupcji: węższe (patologiczna i funkcjonalna interpretacja) i szersze podkreślające argumentację neoinstytucjonalną (systemowe i strukturalne źródła korupcji). Teoretycznym i praktycznym problemem pozostaje więc, czy korupcja ma naturę systemową (fundamentalna instytucja), czy drugorzędną (instytucja pochodna). Narzędziem badań może być nowy instytucjonalizm i zawierające się w nim teorie: kosztów transakcyjnych, praw własności, klubów, pryncypała-agenta, asymetrii informacji, .zawłaszczenia, pogoni za rentą, teorii gier i teorii wyboru publicznego. Dynamika polskiej gospodarki i szerokie badania korupcji (różnice między jej postrzeganiem a doświadczeniem) wskazują, że korupcyjne czynniki, które ograniczają wzrost ekonomiczny nie zdominowały jeszcze polskiej gospodarki i zachowuje ona swoją autonomię. Typowe społeczeństwa klientelistyczno-korupcyjne nie są obecnie zjawiskiem powszechnym, także w Polsce. Nie zmienia to jednak tego, że korupcja pozostaje głównym społecznym problemem i dłuższym horyzoncie czasowym może powodować utratę konkurencyjności polskiej gospodarki na globalnym rynku.
The article discusses the concept of value-based management adapted to the specificity of public cultural institutions. The adaptation process involves mainly the consideration of the advantages generated by cultural institutions and the application of a discount rate in social calculations. The presented concept makes it possible to assess the social rationale behind the activity of non-commercial cultural institutions. In order to explain the suggested solutions better, a numerical example illustrating the methodology covered in the paper has been used.
The paper analyzes how selected budgetary governance institutions can influence the motivation and capability of public sector entities to generate, implement, and diffuse innovations in public production. Numerical fiscal rules, top-down and concentrated budgetary decision-making process, medium-term budget framework and program budgeting were identified as having positive impacts. The analysis is followed by an assessment of the central government sub-sector budgetary governance system in Poland, which showed that the existing budgetary arrangements might be classified as innovation restrictive. The concentration of public decision-making within the budgetary process and integration of the budgetary governance system with other public governance systems by means of a common programmatic architecture were recommended as prerequisites for effective stimulation of public sector innovativeness.
It can be argued that the Constitution of the Fifth Republic is an asset for France, if only because of its longevity. Besides, given the objective set by its founders in 1958, namely to restore the state around the executive, the Fifth Republic is undoubtedly a success. However, this success has led to an imbalance in the functioning of the institutions, which, despite attempts at reform, remain essentially centred on the head of state. The article addresses this issue through the prism of three fundamental issues: 'the spirit' of the Constitution, focused on the reconstruction of the State; 'institutions', unequal in favour of the President of the Republic; and 'practice', sometimes unconstitutional.
