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It is clear from political science literature that political parties are not static entities. Similar to other political institutions, they tend to transform with time, in response to changes in their surrounding environment. If the economic, social, cultural and political parameters in society are to substantially change, it is possible to deduce a change in the role of a political party and its organisational structure. The transition from totalitarian to democratic societies in Central, and partially in Eastern Europe, presents a process so unique that one may legitimately question if this has not resulted in a serious modification of the catch-all party type. In the region of Central Europe, Czechoslovakia - and after 1993 the Czech Republic - presents a special case, where during political and economic transformation next to general features, specific factors were also enforced, which eventually influenced the set-up and formation of parties in their early stages. It is left to consideration and further scrutiny to decide whether the unrepeatable environment of the Czech-Moravian melting pot, has not cultivated the clientelistic form of political party. Adapted from the source document.

The database Cretan Institutional Inscriptions was created as part of the PhD research project in Ancient Heritage Studies Kretikai Politeiai: Cretan Institutions from VII to I century BC, carried out at the University of Venice Ca' Foscari by Irene Vagionakis from 2016 to 2019, under the supervision of Claudia Antonetti and Gabriel Bodard. The research project aimed at collecting the epigraphic sources related to the institutional elements of the many political entities of Crete, with a view to highlighting the specificity of each context in the period between the rise of the poleis and the Roman conquest of the island. The main component of the database consists of the epigraphic collection of the 600 inscriptions constituting the core of the documentary base of the study, for each of which an XML edition compliant with the TEI EpiDoc international standard was created. Each EpiDoc edition includes a descriptive and a bibliographic lemma, the text of the inscription, a selective apparatus criticus and a commentary focused on the institutional data offered by the document. In addition to the epigraphic collection, the database includes a collection of the main related literary sources, a catalogue of the attested Cretan institutions (assemblies, boards, officials, associations, civic subdivisions, social statuses, age classes, months, festivities and other celebrations, institutional practices, institutional instruments, public spaces) and a catalogue of the political entities of Crete (poleis, koina, dependent communities, extra-urban sanctuaries, hegemonic alliances). Data and SW available at https://github.com/IreneVagionakis/CretanInscriptions

1. General Introduction -- 2. Status of Religious Communities -- 3. Relations Between the State and Islam -- 4. State Support for Islamic Religious Communities -- 5. Mosques and Prayer Houses (Masjids) -- 6. Cemeteries and Religious Burials -- 7. Education and Schools -- 8. Muslim Chaplains in Public Institutions -- 9. Employment and Social Rights -- 10. Islamic Ritual Slaughter and Food-Related Regulations -- 11. Islamic Dress -- 12. Criminal Law -- Bibliography -- Index.

The survey Values and Society During the Covid-19 Pandemic (HODYSE 2020) was designed and conducted by researchers at the Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences to obtain up-to-date data on public opinion in six thematic areas: social trust, politics and democracy, conspiracy theories, vaccination, environment and leisure.
The year 2020 was a year of significant socio-political changes. Since the beginning of the year, the most important topic in the public debate and in the media has been the global pandemic of COVID-19 disease. The pandemic became a central issue of both the ending and the new government after the parliamentary elections in February 2020.
Findings from opinion polls have allowed us to capture how a pandemic has changed the traditional view of values, and how traditionally examined values have taken on new meanings. The data also document the severity of the pandemic situation during which the research was conducted (November 2020). In this context, the topics that resonated most in the public debate on COVID-19 were addressed - questions about vaccination, health concerns and the economic situation of respondents, or compliance with the measures.

This study seeks to make a contribution to a limited research on the systemic level of the national coordination of European affairs, which involves both domestic institutions and a permanent representation at the EU and national embassies in the EU member states and other countries. We explore the issue through a case study which concentrates on 1) several middle-sized EU member states and 2) coordination in the field of foreign and security policy. The study argues that the coordination at the systemic level has a rather a centralized character. The elements of decentralization, which can be also identified at the systemic level, are primarily related to information-gathering as well as representation at negotiations. Permanent representations are considerably more involved in coordination than national embassies, however. Adapted from the source document.

The text analyses the conditions for the use of the roll-call votes (RCV) in the European Parliament in the context of the democratic accountability to the voters. The research is focused on examining the rules of procedure of this institution from its beginning to the present. The goal of the text is to analyse the formal setting of the rules of RCV. The procedures concerning RCV have been completely in the hands of deputies. The historical analysis therefore endeavours to reveal whether the deputies decided to act in a way that would grant the greatest possible level of transparency and thus control to their voters, or whether the step taken in 2009 is only a historical exception. In the conclusion, the authors come to the result that the MEPs did not strengthen the relations between the voters and the MEPs significantly, although in 2009 and 2014, certain changes were made in this respect. Adapted from the source document.

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά. ; This article focuses on the function of the institution of family in the framework of the Greek Orthodox society of Kos during the 18th and 19th centuries. The existence of issues which consisted violation of what was legislated according to the regulations of the Church was remarkable. Such violations were the provision of divorce after adultery and the usual records of divorces after the «common will» of the couple. In particular, during the 18th century, according to the practice of the Court of the Church in Kos, it is obvious that any case was not solved as it was legislated by the Church in the past but it was solved «ad hoc». Thus, the function of the Family Law in the provision of justice by the Court of the Church in the 18th century was based, not on already existed and objective criteria, but on solutions ad hoc («κατ' οίκονομίαν») as the terminology of Church describes them. In this case the model of the Greek Orthodox Church became flexible in order to keep the control of the local Christian society, adapted in local or even temporary needs. This situation changed during the 19th century, when the Church tried —with the support of the local «demogerontes»— to play the role of the strict supervisor in issues of violation of the Family Law.

Anne Karakatsoulis, La Revue des Deux Mondes pendant l'entre-deuxguerresLa Revue des Deux Mondes nuance fortement l'image-type de la revuequi a attiré l'attention de la recherche historique récente. Elle n'est pasle produit d'un petit groupe d'intellectuels marginaux, elle ne connaîtpas de mésaventures économiques ou de vacillations idéologiques, elleabhorre tout ce qui de loin pourrait ressembler à une avant-garde eten plus, elle réussit un trajectoire plus que centenaire. Fondée en 1829,elle avait rapidement trouvé son espace comme «grande revue de culturegénérale» s'adressant à une «élite intellectuelle», bourgeoise et bienpensante.Si en ses débuts elle côtoya les romantiques, après 1848 ellesuivit l'évolution de son public vers le conservatisme social et y demeura.Depuis le Second Empire et jusqu'à l'entre-deux-guerres, sesidées de fond furent le libéralisme et la grandeur de la France, avec unintermède fortement tenté de polémique catholique durant le passagede Ferdinand Brunetière à sa direction à l'aube du vingtième siècle.La Reçue des Deux Mondes dépasse le simple cas de la revue etatteint la dimension d'une institution littéraire et politique en réunissantpour cela les exigences de la permanence et de la reconnaissanceofficielle. De par sa longévité, sa diffusion mondiale croissante, sonpartimoine inébranlable d'abonnés fidèles qui transmettent la traditionde l'abonnement familial à la Revue de génération en génération, et enconséquence, sa situation économique florissante, mais aussi et par dessustout, de par la direction inspirée de René Doumic (1916-1937) etson équipe rédactionnelle, la Reçue des Deux Mondes devient la tribunedes grands hommes politiques et des littérateurs consacrés et parvientainsi à s'imposer comme «l'ambassadrice des lettres françaises». ; Anne Karakatsoulis, La Revue des Deux Mondes pendant l'entre-deuxguerresLa Revue des Deux Mondes nuance fortement l'image-type de la revuequi a attiré l'attention de la recherche historique récente. Elle n'est pasle produit d'un petit groupe d'intellectuels marginaux, elle ne connaîtpas de mésaventures économiques ou de vacillations idéologiques, elleabhorre tout ce qui de loin pourrait ressembler à une avant-garde eten plus, elle réussit un trajectoire plus que centenaire. Fondée en 1829,elle avait rapidement trouvé son espace comme «grande revue de culturegénérale» s'adressant à une «élite intellectuelle», bourgeoise et bienpensante.Si en ses débuts elle côtoya les romantiques, après 1848 ellesuivit l'évolution de son public vers le conservatisme social et y demeura.Depuis le Second Empire et jusqu'à l'entre-deux-guerres, sesidées de fond furent le libéralisme et la grandeur de la France, avec unintermède fortement tenté de polémique catholique durant le passagede Ferdinand Brunetière à sa direction à l'aube du vingtième siècle.La Reçue des Deux Mondes dépasse le simple cas de la revue etatteint la dimension d'une institution littéraire et politique en réunissantpour cela les exigences de la permanence et de la reconnaissanceofficielle. De par sa longévité, sa diffusion mondiale croissante, sonpartimoine inébranlable d'abonnés fidèles qui transmettent la traditionde l'abonnement familial à la Revue de génération en génération, et enconséquence, sa situation économique florissante, mais aussi et par dessustout, de par la direction inspirée de René Doumic (1916-1937) etson équipe rédactionnelle, la Reçue des Deux Mondes devient la tribunedes grands hommes politiques et des littérateurs consacrés et parvientainsi à s'imposer comme «l'ambassadrice des lettres françaises».