Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT The present study aims to identify the importance of Islamic micro-financing schemes among the financial institutions and also determine the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents towards Shari'ah based financial products. A mixed-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative designs, has been employed by recruiting 255 and 15 respondents, respectively. The results showed no significant differences between respondents' knowledge and access to Shari'a-compliant finance. Similarly, there were no significant differences between respondents depending on their length of stay in the UK, ethnicity, and employment status. Moreover, this required financial support and empowerment from the government and related institutions.

This paper investigates the causal impact of non-state armed groups on local institutions during the armed conflict in Colombia, and tests competing theoretical mechanisms that may shape such effect. Our identification strategy is based on the construction of contiguous-pairs of rural communities that share common socio-economic characteristics but differ in armed group presence. The results show that the presence of armed groups is associated with increases in overall participation in local organizations, with a particularly strong effect on political organizations. This strengthening of local institutions during wartime appears to be driven by coercion exercised by armed groups that capture local organizations for strategic war purposes, rather than a reflection of a vibrant civil society

Resumen: En ciertos discursos retóricos se suele contraponer lo institucional, como garantía de buena organización y estabilidad en los gobiernos, respecto de la importancia política de los liderazgos personales. El propósito que anima esta nota editorial es poner de resalto que no se trata de conceptos contrapuestos, sino correlativos y necesitados mutuamente. La decisión política fundamental que organizó constitucionalmente nuestra convivencia adoptó la fórmula "representativa, republicana y federal" (art. 1º de la CN). Esta definición nos remite al muy esencial concepto clásico latino de la "cosa pública" –res publica–, cuya característica consiste en que la comunidad ha de organizarse y gobernarse por el conjunto de los ciudadanos iguales en capacidad y dignidad para expresarse sobre las cuestiones comunes. Ninguna forma de gobierno es pura, todas tienen elementos mixtos, con preponderancia de unos u otros, según hayan sido modeladas por la historia, las costumbres y las leyes. Las hubo con preponderancia aristocrática, al modo de las Ciudades Estado de Italia o las polis griegas, o asamblearias, en modelos revolucionarios como el francés o el soviético, luego de la caducidad del antiguo régimen monárquico.

Participation becomes a fundamental process to build a project of asociety in dignity and peace. Hence the importance of analyzing the process of instituted and instituted political participation, in light of its dynamics and implications in terms of political culture. The above in order to highlight the need to strengthen institutional participation, and generate popular power with the possibility of having an impact on the public agenda, and the generation of structural changes in societies. ; La participación deviene como un proceso fundamental para construir un proyecto de sociedad digna y en paz. De allí la importancia de analizar el proceso de participación política instituida e instituyente, a la luz de sus dinámicas e implicaciones en términos de cultura política. Lo anterior, de cara a resaltar la necesidad de fortalecer la participación instituyente y de generar poder popular, con la posibilidad de incidencia en la agenda pública y en la generación de cambios estructurales en las sociedades.

The Swedish cities have been moving towards city regions that will have consequences for democracy, local citizenship and political institutions in forms of economic development, competitiveness and living environment. The proposed study will research how the citizens are affected and how the political institutions are responding to these changes. L. Pitkaniemi

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