Suchergebnisse

Introduction. In the conditions of weakening of state control over the development of monetary and credit relations, the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the increase of the influence of the political situation on economic processes, the system of ensuring financial security of the state has a special role in the economy of Ukraine. Problems in the field of ensuring financial security do not allow creating conditions for economic growth, have a negative impact on the financial, tax, insurance and the budget process in the country. Therefore, in today's conditions, the issue of ensuring an adequate level of financial security of the state, defining the role in the system of its provision of financial institutions is important.Purpose. Study of the essence of financial security of Ukraine and determination of the role and importance of financial institutions in the system of ensuring financial security of the state.Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization.Results. The general problem of all financial regulators in Ukraine is an inadequate level of interaction and coordination with other public authorities, as well as insufficient transparency and openness of information about their activities. Normative acts regulating the functioning of state bodies usually establish a procedure for accountability and subordination to other authorities, as well as the possibility of interaction with them, but there are no real mechanisms for effective communication and coordination.Originality. This article explores practical aspects of financial security as the protection of state interests in the financial sector, the appropriate level of fiscal, tax and monetary system that guarantees state's ability to effectively generate, store excessive depreciation and rational use of financial resources of the country to ensure its socio-economic development and servicing of financial obligations. The role and importance in the system to ensure the financial security of the state financial institutions, including isolated and exposed three main groups of financial institutions, financial intermediaries; international financial institutions; financial institutions regulators.Conclusion. In order to ensure the financial security of the state of Ukraine, it is necessary to implement a set of measures aimed at increasing the participation of financial institutions in promoting the development of domestic business, supporting research, introducing innovations, etc. On the other hand, the implementation of a number of institutional and legal and organizational measures will greatly contribute to increasing the role of financial institutions in Ukraine's financial security system in the context of financial globalization.

Introduction. As unsatisfied current state of labour market functioning causes instable and social tensity, the necessity of socio- psychological research and analysis of labour market as an institution of socialization, as well as forming, considering the identified specific features of innovative approaches to subject of government control to the process its regulation, appear. Purpose. The purpose of the article is making a theoretical methodological analysis of current labour market state as a social institution, and also determining and analyzing the main functions considering the specificity of domestic society. Methods. Formal-logical method is used to determine the basic concepts, such as the concept of a system of socio-psychological researches of the social institution; monographic and comparative methods - to systematize scientific approaches to building economic security of certain types of financial institutions; method of theoretical generalization - to create a list of elements of the system of economic security of financial institutions; ordering method - to create a list of factors influencing the formation of a system of economic security of financial institutions and the principles of its construction. It is established that the labour market is a social and organized institution that operates on the principles of compatibility, agreement and equivalence. The type and the main features of the labour market in Ukraine are defined. The level of unemployment for the period of 2004-2014 years is analyzed as a determinant of the labour market quality. Reproductive, communicative, regulative, adaptive, compatible, differential, social, hedonistic and productive functions of the labour market as a social institution is considered. The disfunctions are found and their possible causes are named. Originality. We describe the functioning of the organization a new for Ukraine prospective structure of the labour market called "Career Center". The ideology, the goals, the objectives, the key areas of work centers is defined. The tasks in areas and ways of their implementation are concretized. The prospects for further researches in the development of concepts and measures for optimization of state influence on the functioning of the labour market as a full-fledged social institution are laid. Conclusion. The institutional crisis of the labour market in Ukraine shows that the labour market as a social institution doesn't perform any social order and doesn't correspond to the features of civil society and constitutional state.It is accompanied by the decline of the state authority, the negative assessment of its activities and the regress of other social institutions such as economy and education. The recent areas of the labour market as a social institution growth are recognized in updating and creating new structures, based on the European experience, that provide an effective conduction of the functions of young socialization in Ukrainian society. Such structures must become the platforms of constant interaction between business and universities and also to have the support of the state. The prospects for the further research are based on the development of the concepts and measures for optimizing the state's influence on the labour market functioning as an adequate social institution.

In the modern political process, an important role is played by political actors who really influence the political process. The most active actors in the political process include political leaders, political parties, public organizations, etc., which, depending on the level of maturity of civil society in a particular country, influence political decision-making processes and the implementation of national and local policies. The political regimes of different states stimulate or inhibit the initiative of the subjects of the political process. However, the subjects of the political process are able to change the features of a particular political regime. Political institutions functioning in the political process go through the following eight stages. First, it is important for a political institution to define a goal that allows you to clearly define the goals and directions of its activities, which in turn increases its subjectivity. Second, political institutions must make political predictions to increase the effectiveness of their political activities. Third, the ability to make the right political decisions is important for a political institution. Fourth, in order to achieve their goal, political institutions must carry out political socialization and political mobilization, which increases their subjectivity. Fifth, political institutions implement the planned goals and adjust tactical activities. Sixth, political institutions must monitor the implementation of political decisions. Seventh, political institutions must analyze and summarize their political activities. Eighth, political institutions must define new strategies in their political activities, which allows them to increase their subjectivity.

Summary: Provision of scientific articles reveal the essence for investigative (search) actions in penal institutions. Investigated the need for priority allocation of investigators (search), since this will facilitate efficient pre-trial inquiry and further litigation of criminal cases. The author suggested to supplement the current legislation of Ukraine, in part to develop Instruction on the procedure for carrying out urgent investigation (search) and neglasnih investigators (search) action on crimes committed in penal institutions.

The article analyzes the current trends in the development of the institution of political opposition. The evolution of conceptual ideas about the essence of the phenomenon of political opposition is revealed. In a consolidated democracy, the political opposition ensures the change of political forces and elite groups in the management of the state, personnel rotation in government structures, as well as the exercise of control over political power. Instead, in transitive political regimes, the role of the political opposition is growing significantly. The quality of the institution of political opposition precedes the potential for democratization of a particular regime. The right to political opposition is one of the fundamental elements of modern liberal democracy. The ability to openly criticize the ruling elite, to defend their alternative interests, to propose other political solutions, to win power by participating in political elections is guaranteed by law. In politics, opposition is defined as: opposition to the opinion of the majority or the dominant opinion in the legislative, party and other structures that declare their commitment to democratic procedures; contrasting one's political course with another.The importance of the institution of political opposition is due to the fact that the opposition is the potential government of tomorrow. The initial point is what place the opposition forces occupied in the system of power relations of the country, which way it came to power. Because over time, this affects the very nature of power, and how easily and painlessly the change of power will take place.It is concluded that under the regime of polyarchy and in transitive regimes, effective, strong opposition is the key to stability in the work of the entire state mechanism. The existence of the opposition creates a balance in the political system and protects the regime not only from authoritarian manifestations, but also from the influence of subjective factors in political decision-making by the government, parliament, and other government institutions. ; У статті аналізуються сучасні тенденції розвитку інституту політичної опозиції. Розкривається еволюція концептуальних уявлень про сутнісний зміст феномену політичної опозиції. Констатується, що у режимі консолідованої демократії політична опозиція забезпечує зміну політичних сил та елітних груп в управлінні державою, кадрову ротацію в структурах влади, а також здійснення контролю за політичною владою. Натомість у транзитивних політичних режимах роль політичної опозиції істотно зростає. Якість інституту політичної опозиції виначає потенціал демократизації того чи іншого режиму влади. Право на політичну опозицію є одним з засадничих елементів сучасної ліберальної демократії. Можливість відкрито критикувати правлячу еліту, відстоювати свої альтернативні інтереси, пропонувати інші політичні рішення, виборювати владу шляхом участі у політичних виборах гарантується законом. У політиці опозиція визначається як: виступ проти думки більшості або панівної думки в законодавчих, партійних та інших структурах, які декларують свою прихильність демократичним процедурам; протиставлення свого політичного курсу іншому курсу.Важливість інституту політичної опозиції зумовлена тим, що опозиція – це потенційна завтрашня влада. Виначальним моментом є те, яке місце опозиційні сили посідали у системі владних відносин країни, яким шляхом прийшла до влади. Оскільки згодом це відбивається і на самому характері влади, і на тому, наскільки легко і безболісно відбуватиметься зміна влади.Робиться висновок, що за режиму поліархії та у транзитивних режимах дієва, сильна опозиція є запорукою стабільності в роботі усього державного механізму. Існування опозиції створює баланс у політичній системі та захищає режим влади не тільки від авторитарних проявів, але й від впливу суб'єктивних чинників в ухваленні політичних рішень урядом, парламентом та іншими владними інститутами.

The article analyzes the current trends in the development of the institution of political opposition. The evolution of conceptual ideas about the essence of the phenomenon of political opposition is revealed. In a consolidated democracy, the political opposition ensures the change of political forces and elite groups in the management of the state, personnel rotation in government structures, as well as the exercise of control over political power. Instead, in transitive political regimes, the role of the political opposition is growing significantly. The quality of the institution of political opposition precedes the potential for democratization of a particular regime. The right to political opposition is one of the fundamental elements of modern liberal democracy. The ability to openly criticize the ruling elite, to defend their alternative interests, to propose other political solutions, to win power by participating in political elections is guaranteed by law. In politics, opposition is defined as: opposition to the opinion of the majority or the dominant opinion in the legislative, party and other structures that declare their commitment to democratic procedures; contrasting one's political course with another.The importance of the institution of political opposition is due to the fact that the opposition is the potential government of tomorrow. The initial point is what place the opposition forces occupied in the system of power relations of the country, which way it came to power. Because over time, this affects the very nature of power, and how easily and painlessly the change of power will take place.It is concluded that under the regime of polyarchy and in transitive regimes, effective, strong opposition is the key to stability in the work of the entire state mechanism. The existence of the opposition creates a balance in the political system and protects the regime not only from authoritarian manifestations, but also from the influence of subjective factors in political decision-making by the government, parliament, and other government institutions. ; У статті аналізуються сучасні тенденції розвитку інституту політичної опозиції. Розкривається еволюція концептуальних уявлень про сутнісний зміст феномену політичної опозиції. Констатується, що у режимі консолідованої демократії політична опозиція забезпечує зміну політичних сил та елітних груп в управлінні державою, кадрову ротацію в структурах влади, а також здійснення контролю за політичною владою. Натомість у транзитивних політичних режимах роль політичної опозиції істотно зростає. Якість інституту політичної опозиції виначає потенціал демократизації того чи іншого режиму влади. Право на політичну опозицію є одним з засадничих елементів сучасної ліберальної демократії. Можливість відкрито критикувати правлячу еліту, відстоювати свої альтернативні інтереси, пропонувати інші політичні рішення, виборювати владу шляхом участі у політичних виборах гарантується законом. У політиці опозиція визначається як: виступ проти думки більшості або панівної думки в законодавчих, партійних та інших структурах, які декларують свою прихильність демократичним процедурам; протиставлення свого політичного курсу іншому курсу.Важливість інституту політичної опозиції зумовлена тим, що опозиція – це потенційна завтрашня влада. Виначальним моментом є те, яке місце опозиційні сили посідали у системі владних відносин країни, яким шляхом прийшла до влади. Оскільки згодом це відбивається і на самому характері влади, і на тому, наскільки легко і безболісно відбуватиметься зміна влади.Робиться висновок, що за режиму поліархії та у транзитивних режимах дієва, сильна опозиція є запорукою стабільності в роботі усього державного механізму. Існування опозиції створює баланс у політичній системі та захищає режим влади не тільки від авторитарних проявів, але й від впливу суб'єктивних чинників в ухваленні політичних рішень урядом, парламентом та іншими владними інститутами.

Introduction. The modern development of Ukrainian society is characterized by the active implementation of reforms in the social sphere. Changes in standards in higher education, physical culture and sport directly affect students' youth. Modern requirements for physical education and sports require the full functioning of sports clubs of higher education institutions. The sports club becomes the main element of the organizational structure of student sport. Information basis of strategic management of organizations. The goal is to identify and systematize the environmental factors affecting the effectiveness of the functioning of sports clubs of institutions of higher education. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature and sources of Internet, analysis of documentary materials, questioning of 14 experts of higher qualification in the field of student sport. Results. The systematization of environmental factors was carried out according to the theory of management and marketing. The subject of the study, given that the macroenvironment, usually, does not have a specific character in relation to a single subject and has a general effect on the organization of any orientation, was limited to the sphere of physical culture and sports. Within these limits, the environment of the sports club was divided into basic general factors of the sphere of physical culture and sport, specific factors of student sports and physical education of students, factors of the environment of sports clubs in institutions of higher education. In each group, the factors are divided into political, economic, social, technological and international. Conclusions. A holistic view of the environment of sports clubs of institutions of higher education has been formed.

Children are not born intractable. Behavioral problems should be taken as a result of the impact on society, social institutions and education for the children not favorable external factors. The reasons for this negative impact may be a variety of social, historical, political and economic causes such as civil (and not only) wars, the economic decline of the state, the loss of cultural norms, values and ideals, negative influence of the media etc. Today, the problem of behavior problems, educational neglect of children is not solved. Practice shows that among pupils of secondary schools is becoming increasingly intractable. The problem of "difficult" classes becomes particularly painful not only for the city but for many rural schools. To overcome this situation is needed well-coordinated and systematic work of school personnel, social workers, psychologists about: learning interests, abilities, aptitudes of difficult students and their involvement in work groups, sports clubs both in school and in school institutions working with parent committees class families intractable pupils disadvantaged families (weapons of pedagogical knowledge, provide specific individual methodological assistance); pay attention to overcoming and preventing the failure of students, to work on the gaps of the students, develop their thinking, attention, memory, to form in slow learners skills of rational organization of academic work, apply an individual approach to pupils losing in the educational work.Keywords: behavioral problems, students, deviant behavior, bias, prevention, education, educationally neglected children, pedagogical impact.

This article deals with the concept, essence of the institution of exemption from criminal liability and challenges of the functioning of this institution. The objective of the institution of exemption from criminal liability is to prevent the restriction of human rights by bringing the violator to criminal responsibility that is not proportional to its objectives. The Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine defined the concept of exemption from criminal liability in 2005. This definition does not correspond to the modern realities of the development of criminal legal science and practice. In particular, while it is mentioned that, in fact, a State refuses to impose penal measures on a person, it is not specified why such a refusal exists. There is a need to establish in article 44 of the Criminal Code a definition that will reflect the imposition of the investigational institution more accurately, as its application is not only a clemency of the State against the perpetrator of the crime, but is based on the fact that the objectives of punishment are achieved without the actual prosecution of the perpetrator. Another problem is that the criminal legislation of Ukraine does not provide for the quantitative restriction of the application of exemption from criminal liability to a particular person. His absence calls into question the very existence of this institution, since in a situation of repeated commission of a crime by a person against whom such exemption has been applied, it can be said that neither the purpose of exemption from criminal responsibility nor the purpose of punishment in general has been achieved against him. Another challenge is the issue of the patterns for the application of exemption from criminal liability. The main reason is the commission of the crime for the first time. However, the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not specify what should be understood by the crime committed for the first time. The question of taking into account the identity of the perpetrator in the application of ...

Introduction. Estimation activity of general educational institution is one the most difficult administrative procedures. At the same time the problem is not in the estimation as definite procedure, but in the achievement exactly its objectivity. Among the reasons, which stipulate a certain problem, it is necessary to point out such ones: lack of agreed structure of educational services estimation on the basis of administrative technologies, imperfection of estimation methods, incompetence of experts.Purpose. Make analysis of modern administrative technologies of general education institution; having determined their main peculiarities. Results. Main modern administrative technologies of general education institution estimation are considered: expert estimation, certification, inspecting, diagnostics, monitoring, diagnostic monitoring, audit. The reasons which provoke the problem of objectivity of school activity estimation on the basis of administrative technologies, imperfection of estimation, incompetence of experts are analyzed. Analysis of peculiarities of modern education institution estimation methods, which experts use for this procedure is fulfilled, it includes: Standard program of complex control of educational institution; unified statement of subjects' keeping control concerning management, giving services in the sphere of secondary education, legislative demands in the sphere of compulsory secondary education. Approximate criteria of estimation of general education institution activity (have lost validity now but undoubtedly have methodical value), system of expert estimation of teaching-educational activity of O. S. Bodnar's schools providing general education. Originality. Personal structure of educational services estimation on the basis of administrative technologies with detailed characteristics of estimation forms on external level (educational and public bodies management) as well as on internal one (general education institution). The meaning "diagnostic monitoring" is substituted for "monitoring" on the basis of semantic dubbing-in. Audit is included in the technology of estimation, fulfilling on the external level by public, because this technology is directed exactly to the public estimation of educational institutions activity and besides on voluntary lines from latest. Forms of state control (certification and inspecting) are defined at the same as time as administrative technologies of estimation, but control and estimation in the present context are actually synonymic, because control from the state side provides first of all defining of correspondence of services given by school to state demands as well as inquiries of society. Conclusion. Estimation activity of institution has to become a foundation of its subsequent effective development, but it is possible under the circumstances of high level of this procedure objectivity. Both level of experts' readiness for the procedure of estimation and imperfection of estimation methods remain problematic now. With the bounds of subsequent research of the problem of general education institution activity it is necessary to pay attention to the development of innovation approaches concerning estimation methods of modern school activity.

The costs of maintaining budget buildings in Ukraine are 2-3 times higher than similar costs in the European Union, and for a number of reasons related to the outdated condition of external fences and utilities, sanitary and hygienic requirements in the premises are not met. The paper considers the results of the energy audit of the educational and administrative building of KNUTD in order to identify ways to reduce energy costs and improve the microclimate in the building. The energy condition of the building, the structure of energy costs are analyzed. In order to develop a set of energy saving measures, measurements of actual energy costs were made to determine the baseline level during technical and economic calculations. Energy audit was conducted using instrumental methods and with photo-fixation of visual inspection. The geometric, thermal and energy characteristics of the building have been specified. To increase the level of energy efficiency of the building, a complex thermal modernization is proposed, which includes work to increase the thermal resistance of external enclosing structures and modernization of engineering systems, financial and economic justification of the effectiveness of the proposed energy efficiency measures.Insufficient funding of budget institutions requires a systematic approach to solving the problem of improving the energy efficiency of student campuses, which will include not only the implementation of technical measures, but also information campaigns and organizational and management actions of the Energy Management Service and university management. An effectively functioning system of energy management of educational institutions is the foundation for sustainable development of the state; it is a set of measures that can have a significant effect on reducing Ukraine's energy dependence.

The costs of maintaining budget buildings in Ukraine are 2-3 times higher than similar costs in the European Union, and for a number of reasons related to the outdated condition of external fences and utilities, sanitary and hygienic requirements in the premises are not met. The paper considers the results of the energy audit of the educational and administrative building of KNUTD in order to identify ways to reduce energy costs and improve the microclimate in the building. The energy condition of the building, the structure of energy costs are analyzed. In order to develop a set of energy saving measures, measurements of actual energy costs were made to determine the baseline level during technical and economic calculations. Energy audit was conducted using instrumental methods and with photo-fixation of visual inspection. The geometric, thermal and energy characteristics of the building have been specified. To increase the level of energy efficiency of the building, a complex thermal modernization is proposed, which includes work to increase the thermal resistance of external enclosing structures and modernization of engineering systems, financial and economic justification of the effectiveness of the proposed energy efficiency measures.Insufficient funding of budget institutions requires a systematic approach to solving the problem of improving the energy efficiency of student campuses, which will include not only the implementation of technical measures, but also information campaigns and organizational and management actions of the Energy Management Service and university management. An effectively functioning system of energy management of educational institutions is the foundation for sustainable development of the state; it is a set of measures that can have a significant effect on reducing Ukraine's energy dependence.

Introduction. For the practices of professional participants of the financial market Ukraine is obvious the lack of proper tools to organize effective mechanisms to protect their economic security. At the application level is not possible to build a comprehensive system of economic security if theoretically not developed enough remaining principles, scripts, procedures, adherence that are necessary to effectively ensure the economic security of domestic financial institutions. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of building a system of economic security of financial institutions based on traditional approaches to the formation of its structure and taking into account the specific functioning of domestic financial intermediaries. Methods. Formal-logical method is used to determine the basic concepts, such as the concept of a system of economic security of the financial institution; monographic and comparative methods - to systematize scientific approaches to building economic security of certain types of financial institutions; method of theoretical generalization - to create a list of elements of the system of economic security of financial institutions; ordering method - to create a list of factors influencing the formation of a system of economic security of financial institutions and the principles of its construction. Results. It was established that the problems of economic security researchers considered in the context of banks and insurance companies, less credit unions. It was found no scientific approaches to formation of the system of economic security of professional participants of the financial market, such as financial institutions. The components of economic security system of banks, insurance companies were considered to identify a set of subsystems of economic security system, universal for all kinds of financial institutions. The theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation and functioning of the economic security system of financial institutions is laid. Originality. A definition of a system of economic security of the financial institution is offered. It is established the list of factors that should be considered during its construction. Elements of the structure of the system of economic security of financial institutions were offered. The principles that should be guided in the formation and functioning of the economic security system of financial institutions were concretized. Conclusion. Under the economic security system of the financial institution it is offered to understand the complex structure of interconnected subsystems, whose main task is to ensure the protection of a certain type of corporate resources agencies, both own and derived from the financial services, and which in totality through mechanism of interaction allow financial institution to achieve economic security state. It is determined the following list of sub system of economic security system of financial institutions: financial security (combining two areas - the financial security of company's own resources and financial security of client assets), intellectual and human, material, physical (power), information-analytical, technical, technological, legal, external (including market (competition) security, political security). It is determined thirteen principles of formation and functioning of the economic security system of the financial institution.

The necessity of the mechanism of economic security system management of financial institutions development is grounded. There are revealed the following features of the formation and operation of modern systems of economic security of domestic financial institutions as a complex block structure, complexity, individuality, dependence on external guidance and instructions, that perform a wide range of different tasks, whose number grows in proportion to the number of internal and external dangers and threats to the institution, proving the need to manage such a system and its elements and feasibility for the development of a separate administrative mechanism within the overall management system of the financial institution. The author offered the definition of the mechanism of economic security system management in common and for the financial institution in particular. Under the mechanism of economic security system management it is offered to understand the process of applying the totality of methods and procedures to optimize the protection of the elements of the entity to achieve its highest level of economic security. Under the mechanism of economic security system management of the financial institution it is offered to understand the complex process of management procedures using its corporate resources, both their own and borrowed in order to achieve high financial results in the optimum state of protection from external and internal dangers and threats. The main elements of the mechanism of economic security system management and bases of its construction is offered.

Im Zuge der Josephinischen Reformen kam es im gesamten habsburgischen Herrschaftsbereich zur Umgestaltung kirchlichen Eigentums. Entsprechend wurde bereits 1783 ein dezidiert der Bukowina zugeordneter griechisch-orientalischer Religionsfonds eingerichtet. Über seine wachsende wirtschaftliche und politische Bedeutung entwickelte sich diese Institution bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1949 zu einem die Region maßgeblich prägenden Faktor. ; A comprehensive secularisation process in the course of the Josephinian reforms led to a complete restructuring of church assets. As early as 1783 a Greek-Oriental Religious Fund attributed to the Bukovina was established. Its growing economic and political role made this institution a major factor in the development of the region. It kept this important position until its eventual dissolution in the course of socialist restructuring of Romania in 1949.