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The Unemployment Insurance (UI) system is the largest general social insurance program for working-age individuals in the United States and currently insures more than 140 million workers against temporary income losses related to unemployment. UI has been the bedrock of U.S. social policy in recessions, but the system has remained largely unchanged since the mid-1970s despite substantial changes in the labor market that include deindustrialization, higher female participation, increases in wage inequality, and technological changes. This article summarizes existing empirical evidence on the state of the UI system and its effectiveness in achieving its stated goals. A range of reform proposals are discussed that aim to address both the well-known, long-term issues with UI, as well as UI's readiness to support the workforce of the twenty-first century.

Congress, late in 1991, enacted a banking reform measure that (i) authorizes $70 billion of additional FDIC funding, (ii) enhances bank regulation and supervision, and (Hi) adopts a "trip wire" system for increasingly severe regulation based on a bank's capital. Congress rejected a number of key elements of the Treasury proposal submitted early in 1991, such as interstate banking and expanded bank powers. The Congressional action does not end the debate over banking reform. In due time, other attempts likely will be made to restructure the banking system along the lines of the Treasury proposal.The Treasury proposal's positive points failed to offset its fundamental problems. The Congressional action, though not subject to the Treasury proposal's problems, falls short of complete deposit insurance reform. Both proposals fail to recognize that regulatory oversight is a poor substitute for market discipline in the current financial environment.This paper reviews problems with the financial reform process and failure of the Treasury proposal to recognize these problems. It also reviews alternative approaches to deposit insurance reform.

This book empirically examines health care financing reforms and popular responses in three major cities in East Asia: Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong. It adopts a new revised version of the theory of historical institutionalism to compare and explain the divergent reform paths in these three places over the past three decades. It also examines forces that propel institutional change. The book provides three detailed case studies on the development of health care financing reforms and the politics of implementing them. It shows that health care systems in Shanghai, Singapore, and Hong Kong

1 Introduction -- Part I Institutional Transformations of Public Medical Insurances -- 2 Medical Insurances Reform in Rural China -- 3 Medical Insurance Reform in Urban China -- 4 Issues of Public Medical Insurance Reform -- Part II Impacts of Public Medical Insurance Reform in China: Evidence Based on Empirical Studies -- 5 Determinants of Medical Insurance Participation of Urban Residents -- 6 Determinants of Participation in Medical Insurances: Comparison between Urban and Rural Residents -- 7 New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Its Effects on the Utilization of Healthcare Services -- 8 Medical Insurance and Out-of-Pocket Expenses on Medical Care -- 9 Medical Insurances and Financial Portfolio Choice -- 10 Public Medical Insurances and Subjective Well-being in Rural China -- Index.