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SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions

The work aims to analyze the theoretical aspects of the use of information technologies in the mediation process, as well as the aspects of its implementation. The purpose of the investigation is online mediation as a form of resolution of intellectual property disputes. In addition, the topic of study is the social relationships that arise when using information technologies and mediation to resolve civil conflicts in the field of intellectual property. The research methods used in this case are the dialectical method, the generalization method, the comparison method, the analysis method, the synthesis method, the method in administration and the deduction method, the modeling method, and the abstraction method. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn on the state of online mediation in the real world, the benefits and potential problems of introducing virtual mediation for disputed parties, the need for support for special applications, along with the need for the introduction of online mediation at the state level to a state policy.

The value of intellectual property is now growing by the day in view of globalization of economic processes and integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy. The need for development of legislation in the field of intellectual property, improvement of legal mechanisms to protect the intellectual deliverables is dictated by a market economy, changes in social relations, as well as the inconsistency of regulatory enforcement, which prevents from proper implementation of the individual's rights in the sphere of intellectual property realization. Over the past decade, the entrepreneurial activity has demonstrated an increase in a number of facts of recognition of the intellectual property created by an employee as work for hire (WFH). Under these procedures, both employers and employees often make mistakes that subsequently lead to such items being non-protectable. The point is that the current legislation has no procedure or criteria to recognize the intellectual property created by employees as WFH. However, failure to observe the procedures regulated by tax legislation when recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH poses a high risk for instituting administrative action against the employer. In this paper, we will try to determine the procedure and criteria for recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH.

Fast improvement of the IT field requires relevant safety of intellectual assets rights. The legal protection of laptop applications, software programs and foreign legal practices is a contentious issue. With the rapid development of the IT sector within the international context, the issues of copyright safety, patenting and non-disclosure of personal data have gained urgency. The research methodology involved the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, logical and system - structural analysis, control methods, structural and functional analysis in combination with the method of case study and the method of content analysis. The article comprehensively analyses the modern perspective of intellectual belongings proper and copyright in IT outsourcing. The scope of unconventional challenges in the sphere of copyright safety inside the area of IT sphere are exemplified using the case of Ukraine. The case addresses opportunities to enhance the regulatory framework for copyright safety of experts engaged in IT outsourcing. It is stressed that the existing legal procedures and methods are slower in responding to changes in the field of IT outsourcing than the world's quickest trends in this sphere.

In modern conditions of development of public relations, the creation of objects of intellectual property rights by artificial intelligence is becoming more widespread. With this in mind, it is important to analyze the international legal experience of regulating the use of artificial intelligence as the author of intellectual property, to further borrow it for domestic laws, as well as to pay attention to problematic aspects of such regulation and make proposals to resolve inconsistencies. The study clarifies the international legal regulation of intellectual property rights created by artificial intelligence, as well as analyses the problematic issues of regulation of artificial intelligence by international law and the features of such regulation in Ukraine and presents positions on the development of artificial intelligence systems and prospects, as well as the prospects for its impact on world society.

Summary The discussion on the fundamentals that legitimise intellectual property often focuses on two main approaches: iusnaturalists and utilitarists. The former argue that it is possible to justify ownership of intellectual creation by relying on John Locke's liberal property theory. The latter converge around the so-called "progress clause" and the incentive argument. This work analyses whether or not intellectual property can be justified on the basis of such approaches, concluding that, given the paradoxes identified, these are insufficient. ; Resumen La discusión sobre los fundamentos que legitiman la propiedad intelectual se suele centrar alrededor de dos grandes planteamientos: iusnaturalistas y utilitaristas. Los primeros sostienen que es posible justificar la propiedad sobre la creación intelectual recurriendo a la teoría liberal de la propiedad formulada por John Locke. Los segundos convergen en torno a la llamada "cláusula del progreso" y el argumento de los incentivos. En este trabajo se analiza si es posible o no justificar la propiedad intelectual sobre la base de dichos planteamientos, concluyendo que, dadas las paradojas identificadas, éstos resultan insuficientes.

The development of information technologies in what is often reffered to as the "information society" is at the origin of new uses, new exchanges wich necessitate the implementation of new economic and judicial models. The copyright constraints and above all its the immateriality have not only been misunderstood but also ignored by society. Recently, French parliament has proclaimed the principle of illegality of peer to peer file sharing between internet users. We will need to reconcile a fair and equal compensation of "authors", taking into consideration international legal constraints regarding free access to knowledge and information, as required by the Tunis agreement. The issue of the compensation of authors therefore appears to be one of the most important aspects the new internet governance. ; Le développement des technologies de l'information dans ce que l'on appelle la « société de l'information » est à l'origine de nouveaux usages, de nouveaux échanges qui imposent, de manière coercitive, la mise en place de nouveaux modèles économiques et juridiques. Les contraintes du droit d'auteur et surtout son immatérialité étaient alors mal comprises voire ignorées par le corps social. Récemment les parlementaires français posaient dans des circonstances exceptionnelles le principe de l'illégalité du téléchargement entre internautes. Il faudra conjuguer : juste et équitable rémunération des auteurs, prise en considération des contraintes juridiques internationales avec la garantie de l'accès à la connaissance et à l'information pour tous, conformément à l'engagement de Tunis. La question de la rémunération des auteurs apparaît donc comme un des aspects majeurs de la gouvernance de l'Internet.

The development of information technologies in what is often reffered to as the "information society" is at the origin of new uses, new exchanges wich necessitate the implementation of new economic and judicial models. The copyright constraints and above all its the immateriality have not only been misunderstood but also ignored by society. Recently, French parliament has proclaimed the principle of illegality of peer to peer file sharing between internet users. We will need to reconcile a fair and equal compensation of "authors", taking into consideration international legal constraints regarding free access to knowledge and information, as required by the Tunis agreement. The issue of the compensation of authors therefore appears to be one of the most important aspects the new internet governance. ; Le développement des technologies de l'information dans ce que l'on appelle la « société de l'information » est à l'origine de nouveaux usages, de nouveaux échanges qui imposent, de manière coercitive, la mise en place de nouveaux modèles économiques et juridiques. Les contraintes du droit d'auteur et surtout son immatérialité étaient alors mal comprises voire ignorées par le corps social. Récemment les parlementaires français posaient dans des circonstances exceptionnelles le principe de l'illégalité du téléchargement entre internautes. Il faudra conjuguer : juste et équitable rémunération des auteurs, prise en considération des contraintes juridiques internationales avec la garantie de l'accès à la connaissance et à l'information pour tous, conformément à l'engagement de Tunis. La question de la rémunération des auteurs apparaît donc comme un des aspects majeurs de la gouvernance de l'Internet.

The development of information technologies in what is often reffered to as the "information society" is at the origin of new uses, new exchanges wich necessitate the implementation of new economic and judicial models. The copyright constraints and above all its the immateriality have not only been misunderstood but also ignored by society. Recently, French parliament has proclaimed the principle of illegality of peer to peer file sharing between internet users. We will need to reconcile a fair and equal compensation of "authors", taking into consideration international legal constraints regarding free access to knowledge and information, as required by the Tunis agreement. The issue of the compensation of authors therefore appears to be one of the most important aspects the new internet governance. ; Le développement des technologies de l'information dans ce que l'on appelle la « société de l'information » est à l'origine de nouveaux usages, de nouveaux échanges qui imposent, de manière coercitive, la mise en place de nouveaux modèles économiques et juridiques. Les contraintes du droit d'auteur et surtout son immatérialité étaient alors mal comprises voire ignorées par le corps social. Récemment les parlementaires français posaient dans des circonstances exceptionnelles le principe de l'illégalité du téléchargement entre internautes. Il faudra conjuguer : juste et équitable rémunération des auteurs, prise en considération des contraintes juridiques internationales avec la garantie de l'accès à la connaissance et à l'information pour tous, conformément à l'engagement de Tunis. La question de la rémunération des auteurs apparaît donc comme un des aspects majeurs de la gouvernance de l'Internet.

The development of information technologies in what is often reffered to as the "information society" is at the origin of new uses, new exchanges wich necessitate the implementation of new economic and judicial models. The copyright constraints and above all its the immateriality have not only been misunderstood but also ignored by society. Recently, French parliament has proclaimed the principle of illegality of peer to peer file sharing between internet users. We will need to reconcile a fair and equal compensation of "authors", taking into consideration international legal constraints regarding free access to knowledge and information, as required by the Tunis agreement. The issue of the compensation of authors therefore appears to be one of the most important aspects the new internet governance. ; Le développement des technologies de l'information dans ce que l'on appelle la « société de l'information » est à l'origine de nouveaux usages, de nouveaux échanges qui imposent, de manière coercitive, la mise en place de nouveaux modèles économiques et juridiques. Les contraintes du droit d'auteur et surtout son immatérialité étaient alors mal comprises voire ignorées par le corps social. Récemment les parlementaires français posaient dans des circonstances exceptionnelles le principe de l'illégalité du téléchargement entre internautes. Il faudra conjuguer : juste et équitable rémunération des auteurs, prise en considération des contraintes juridiques internationales avec la garantie de l'accès à la connaissance et à l'information pour tous, conformément à l'engagement de Tunis. La question de la rémunération des auteurs apparaît donc comme un des aspects majeurs de la gouvernance de l'Internet.

In this article, the author carries out a double examination of the competitive relationships in the light of the evolution of ongoing conflicts and also of the initiatives envisaged in order to anticipate them. By means of a retrospective analysis, it is possible to highlight a number of trends on the part of the institutions: reaffirmation of the requirement of freedom of competition by the Court of Justice of the European Union (Case C-179/16) and the Competition Authority (Decision No 17-D-25 of 20 December 2017). The requirement of fair competition could also be reaffirmed in cases concerning the transfer of documents containing confidential information (Com., 13 September 2017) and relating to the copying of a competing product (Com. 25 September 2017). According to the author, a number of improvements can be envisaged concerning, first, the functioning of competition in the medicinal products and medical biology sector (in particular as regards the distribution chain of the medicinal product and the fixing of prices). As regards the very common practice of mergers in the pharmaceutical sector, the role of the institutions is crucial with the Commission of the European Union on the one hand and the Competition Authority on the other. ; International audience In this article, the author carries out a double examination of competition relations linked to the evolution of ongoing conflicts but also with regard to the initiatives envisaged in order to anticipate them. Through a retrospective analysis, the institutions highlight several trends: reaffirmation of the requirement of freedom of competition by the European Union Court of Justice on the one hand (Case C-179/16) and the Competition Authority on the other hand (Decision No 17-D-25 of 20 December 2017). Also, the requirement of fair competition could be reaffirmed in cases concerning the transfer of documents containing confidential information (Com., 13 September 2017) and concerning the copying of a competing product (Com. 25 September 2017). ...

The modern society necessitates the introduction of new IT-solutions to meet its needs. With the spread of know-how, the need for its detailed analysis with the further determination of the direction of development. The purpose is to carry out an analysis of the introduction and functioning of know-how, as well as to determine the vectors of its use, taking into account the needs of participants in legal relations arising in this area. The subject of research – information technologies (know-how) as objects of intellectual property rights in their use. The methodological basis consists of the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the dialectical method, the comparative-legal method, the system method, and the logical-legal method. The result of this work is to identify the importance of the information technologies in everyday life of modern society and the level of popularity of their use, outlining possible vectors of development in the economics in the direction of digitalization and justification of the need to improve the provisions of current legislation within the considered topic, expressing the idea of the direction of innovative information policy in the direction of active use of blockchain and maximum compliance with the protection of personal data of customers.

The article aims to explore the relationships that arise with respect to intellectual property rights in sports. The objectives of the article are to establish points of contact between intellectual property law and sports, as well as a detailed analysis of relevant public relations in terms of intellectual property law and sports law. To achieve the objectives of the article, the authors used a number of scientific methods, among which the main methods are analysis, synthesis and comparative-legal method. The authors of the study concluded that modern sport is developing in close intertwining with intellectual property rights, because only in this way can a sports spectacle be conveyed to a wide range of spectators and consumers in a broad sense. In addition, the range of points of contact between intellectual property and sports law is constantly growing and such can now be called not only patents and trademarks in sports, but also copyright, "image" rights, know-how in sports and the like.

The internationalization of IP Law, initiated at the end of the 19th century, has taken since the end of the 20th century a brand new twist with its inclusion in the field of multilateral trade disciplines. The signing of the TRIPS agreement marks the emergence of a global IP governance. Indeed, the ambition displayed by the WTO is to supervise the margin of maneuver of its Members in implementing their policies. Although Communitization of IP law started much later, it now has a considerable scope: national protection regimes have been conciliated with the cardinal principles of the Treaty, some important harmonization directives have been enacted, and various European titles of protection have even been created. Our study is designed to show how Communitization, beyond its traditional role of source of law, officiates as a necessary and efficient vector for structuring the European position towards the Globalization of IP Law. In its ascendant side first -- from Local to Global, the Communitization vector plays a role of merging the objectives to be promoted on the international scene. The issue at stake is to shape an IP global framework that corresponds to the system of interests and values of the EU, in accordance with the far-reaching objectives assigned by the Treaty. This merging process is, however, not automatic. In spite of several amendments to the Treaty and of the progress of internal harmonization, various institutional constraints thwart the emergence of a fully integrated external European policy in the field of IP. But it is precisely in light of these constraints that the scope of the achievements of the EU, which in now recognized as a central actor in the global IP governance, must be appreciated. In its down side then -- from Global to Local, the Communitization vector is accompanied by a rise of the European Court of Justice in arbitrating complex normative interactions between national, EU and International IP Laws. A systematic analysis of the resolution by the ECJ of these normative interactions reveals its determination to safeguard the autonomy of the EU legal order, by arranging for significant discretion in implementing international commitments. This margin of appreciation is used to defend an original European model under construction, taking advantage of the flexibilities of the global normative framework ; Cette étude se propose de dépasser l'analyse statique des différentes sources supranationales du droit de la propriété intellectuelle pour s'intéresser spécifiquement aux interactions entre les processus de communautarisation et de mondialisation en la matière. Ce parti-pris méthodologique procède de la conviction que le sens de la communautarisation de la propriété intellectuelle ne peut être pleinement saisi qu'en y intégrant sa dimension externe, au travers d'une analyse systématique des relations qu'elle entretient avec la mondialisation de cette branche du droit. Par-delà son rôle traditionnel de source du droit, la communautarisation s'érige en effet en vecteur entre les ordres juridiques nationaux et un ordre international multipolaire, en modifiant fondamentalement les données de la dialectique du global au local. L'ambition de cet ouvrage est précisément de mettre en lumière combien la communautarisation - malgré son apparente fragmentation - officie comme un indispensable vecteur de structuration de la position européenne vis-à-vis de la mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle.Dans son versant ascendant tout d'abord, du local au global, la communautarisation se pose en vecteur de mutualisation des objectifs à promouvoir sur la scène internationale. L'enjeu n'est autre que de façonner une gouvernance mondiale qui corresponde aux intérêts et valeurs de l'UE, conformément aux buts ambitieux assignés par le Traité. En dépit d'un cadre institutionnel complexe et hétérogène qui fragilise parfois dangereusement sa cohésion, l'Union s'impose peu à peu comme un acteur incontournable dans la mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, parvenant à exporter efficacement les standards européens de protection, tout en s'ouvrant progressivement aux revendications légitimes des pays en développement. Dans son versant descendant ensuite, du global au local, la communautarisation s'accompagne d'une montée en puissance de la Cour de justice dans l'arbitrage des interactions normatives entre le droit de l'Union et le droit international de la propriété intellectuelle. Dans le cadre de cette mission, le juge de Luxembourg s'attache à préserver l'autonomie de l'ordre juridique de l'Union, en ménageant une marge d'appréciation significative dans la mise en œuvre des obligations découlant de la mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. Cette marge de manœuvre est mise à profit pour construire - touche par touche - un modèle européen original, tirant parti des flexibilités du cadre normatif mondial.Vincent RUZEKJuriste propriété intellectuelle, L'Oréal.Chargé d'enseignement à l'École de droit de Sciences Po et au Centre d'études internationales de la propriété intellectuelle (CEIPI).Lauréat du prix de thèse de la Fondation Rennes 1