Suchergebnisse

L'intellettuale catalano Manuel de Pedrolo (1918-1990) si assume la responsabilità diretta delle conseguenze del suo sostegno alla democrazia e libertà d'espressione. Egli ritiene che sia un dovere del cittadino, e ovviamente degli intellettuali, informare e far sentire la propria voce. Allo stesso tempo, da Pedrolo è consapevole della realtà, ad esempio del fatto che l'opinione pubbli-ca possa essere manipolata dalla stampa e dai politici. ; The Catalan intellectual Manuel de Pedrolo (1918-1990) takes direct responsibility for the consequences of his support for democracy and freedom of expression. He believes that it is an obligation of the citizen, and obviously of intellectuals, to inform and make their voices heard. At the same time, he is aware of the reality of the situation, for example, the fact that public opinion can be manipulated by the press and politicians. ; L' intellectual català Manuel de Pedrolo s'agafa en primera persona la responsabilitat de les conseqüències de prendre partit a favor de la democràcia i lli-bertat d'expressió. Ell creu que és una obligació del ciutadà, i òbviament dels intellectuals, informar-se i fer sentir la pròpia veu. Tot i aixì és conscient de la realitat dels fets, com per exemple que l'opinió pública pugui ser manipulada per la premsa i pels polítics.

El primer texto de Aranguren sobre el intelectual (1959) ya lo señala como la conciencia moral de la sociedad. El encargado de reducir la distancia entre lo que es y lo que debe ser. En 1969 apunta la necesidad de que el intelectual se independice de la sociedad a la que pertenece para poder criticarla y ponerla en cuestión. Asimismo propone la democracia como moral. Su labor como intelectual en el franquismo y el post-franquismo resultó fundamental. Entendió el intento de golpe de estado del 23 de febrero de 1981 como el afianzamiento, la mayoría de edad, de la joven democracia española. ; Aranguren's first document about the intellectual (1959) was already shown as the moral conscience of society. The person in charge to reduce the distance between what it is and what it should be. In 1969 it is pointed out the need of the intellectual to become independent of society to which he belongs to, in order to be able to criticize and generate doubts about it. Likewise, he proposes Democracy as moral. His job as an intellectual in Franco and post-Franco period became fundamental. He understood the events on February 23rd 1981 as the consolidation of Spanish democracy.

SECTION I: GENERAL OVERVIEW 1. LEGAL SOURCES 1.1. Intellectual Property 1.1.1. International Conventions 1.1.2. EU Law: Approximation of Laws and Community Rights 1.1.3. National Legislation 1.1.4. Institutional Competences 1.2. International Jurisdiction 1.2.1. EU Law: Scope of Application and Grounds of Jurisdiction 1.2.2. International Conventions 1.2.3. National Legislation 1.3. Choice-of-Law 1.3.1. International Conventions 1.3.2. EU Law: Implications of the new Regulations 1.3.3. National Legislation 1.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments 1.4.1. International Conventions 1.4.2. EU Law 1.4.3. National Legislation 2. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 2.1. International Jurisdiction 2.1.1. Infringement Claims 2.1.2. Contractual Disputes 2.1.3. Exclusive Jurisdiction on Validity of Rights Subject to Registration 2.2. Applicable Law 2.2.1. Infringement of IP Rights 2.2.2. Territoriality and lex loci protectionis 2.2.3. Contracts Relating to Intellectual or Industrial Property Rights 2.3. Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments 2.3.1 Procedural Issues 2.3.2 Grounds for Non-Recognition SECTION II: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDIES Case 1. General Special Grounds of Jurisdiction Case 2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Case 3. Consolidation of Proceedings Case 4. Choice of Court Case 5. Parallel Proceedings Case 6. Principle of Territoriality (Choice of Law) Case 7. Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Case 8. Applicable Law to Initial Ownership Case 9. Applicable Law to the Transfer of Rights Agreements Case 10. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Case 11. Provisional Measures and Injunctions

The objectives of this paper are to explore and describe how social relations sustain the creation of particular paradigms and those of their own intellectuals. In this sense, it is relevant to show situations in which the economic and political interests of the state powers demanded the cultural domain to strengthen social cohesion. For this reason, historical cases, that explain the causal relationship between religion and morality, are presented. These causal relations, formalized at the level of dogma, inhibited the creative development of knowledge and, therefore, the economy and politics. We warn that the dogmatic culture, which dominated and continues to dominate the global social panorama, could not avoid dissidence. In the historical route of this dissidence, in favour of the reason and the truth, heretics will be pointed out, also free thinkers and intellectuals. A key question: what is the margin of autonomy of Peruvian intellectuals to recreate the «regimes of truth» that become hegemonic governments in our society? ; Los objetivos de este trabajo son explorar y describir cómo las relaciones sociales sostienen la creación de particulares paradigmas y de sus propios intelectuales. En este sentido, es relevante mostrar situaciones en las que los intereses económicos y políticos de los poderes estatales requirieron del dominio cultural para afianzar la cohesión social. Por tal motivo, se presentan casos históricos que dan cuenta de la relación causal entre religión y moral que, formalizadas a nivel de dogma, inhibieron el desenvolvimiento creativo del conocimiento y, por ende, de la economía y la política. Advertimos que la cultura dogmática, que dominó y sigue dominando el panorama social a nivel global, no pudo evitar las disidencias. En la ruta histórica de esta disidencia, a favor de la razón y la verdad, destacarán herejes, libre pensadores e intelectuales. Una pregunta clave: ¿cuál es el margen de autonomía de los intelectuales peruanos para recrear los "regímenes de verdad" que devienen hegemónicos en nuestra sociedad?

The work aims to analyze the theoretical aspects of the use of information technologies in the mediation process, as well as the aspects of its implementation. The purpose of the investigation is online mediation as a form of resolution of intellectual property disputes. In addition, the topic of study is the social relationships that arise when using information technologies and mediation to resolve civil conflicts in the field of intellectual property. The research methods used in this case are the dialectical method, the generalization method, the comparison method, the analysis method, the synthesis method, the method in administration and the deduction method, the modeling method, and the abstraction method. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn on the state of online mediation in the real world, the benefits and potential problems of introducing virtual mediation for disputed parties, the need for support for special applications, along with the need for the introduction of online mediation at the state level to a state policy.

… el olvido, la marginación, la exclusión y la burla. Eso lo hemos sentido y experimentado muchos intelectuales mexicanos, desde varias décadas antes del 68, por lo que pienso que ese año no es más que el parteaguas histórico de la lucha entre universidad y gobierno, entre los intelectuales y el gobierno. Juan José Arreola (citado en Arreola, 1998: 386)El artículo aborda la manera en que 1968 fue un momento de definición dentro de la república de las letras, ya que se pueden identificar claramente dos formas de actuar frente a la trágica coyuntura. Por un lado, estuvieron aquellos escritores que sintieron la obligación de ejercer la crítica contra la autoritaria y violenta reacción del gobierno de Díaz Ordaz frente al movimiento estudiantil y, por el otro, personalidades de la literatura que, ya fuera por participar laboralmente en el gobierno o por compartir sus posiciones políticas e ideológicas, dieron su apoyo –activo o silencioso- al régimen. Finalmente, se refieren las consecuencias que dicha disputa tuvo en la reflexión sobre el papel de los intelectuales en la lucha por la democratización de nuestro país.

The authors considered the essence of the legal language and highlighted its properties. In particular, it is determined that the legal language is, primarily, the official language, which is distinguished by the standard formulations. It is based on the legal terminology. Legal language is characterized by a circle of regular users, special, distinctive fixation objects (for example, legislative, judicial and other legal acts). It is a means of special, intellectual and legal communication, intended for the exchange of legal information. The article contains arguments in favor of the need for the general availability of the legal language and justifies the possibility of its subdivision into species.

El presente artículo se aboca a describir y analizar la función intelectual del crítico literario, crítico cultural, profesor, traductor y editor argentino Jaime Rest (1927-1979). El análisis se desarrollará bajo la hipótesis de que, estudiado en su propia inscripción histórica (en una red de condicionamientos y elecciones situadas en un contexto concreto de filiaciones y afiliaciones teóricas y políticas), el proyecto intelectual de Rest exhibe los rasgos y funciones fundamentales del modelo del "intelectual específico" descrito por Michel Foucault a mediados de la década de 1970. El trabajo se inscribe teórica y metodológicamente en la intersección de tres disciplinas convergentes: historia intelectual, metacrítica e historia cultural. ; This article is part of doctoral research "Jaime Rest: critical role and cultural politics (1953-1979)" and shall endeavor to describe and analyze strictly intellectual performance of the literary critic, cultural critic, teacher, translator and editor of Argentina Jaime Rest (1927-1979). The current investigation is displayed under the following hypothesis: studied in its own historical inscription, a network of constraints and choices located in a specific context of affiliations and theoretical and political affiliations, the intellectual project Jaime Rest exhibits key features and functions of the model of the "specific intellectual" described by Michel Foucault in the mid 1970's. ; Universidad Nacional de La Plata

The Spanish emigration of intellectuals started before the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The republic favoured the exodus of families belonging to the conservative ideals to places such as Portugal, Great Britain and Argentina. As a result of the military coup of 1936, and the revolutionary environment that followed as a reaction, many conservatives moved to Italy, especially from Catalonia. The loss of the Civil War by the Republican bloc originated an important exodus of liberals, especially to America, both North and South. The Spanish scientific community was thus saved, and could even develop further in some parts of Spanish America, where it reached a fruitful marriage with the local scientific environment. ; La emigración intelectual española comenzó con anterioridad a la Guerra Civil. La República movió a la expatriación a numerosas familias conservadoras que se dirigieron a lugares como Portugal, Gran Bretaña y Argentina. También el resultado de la sublevación militar y el clima revolucionario que se originó, tuvieron como consecuencia, principalmente en Cataluña, un notable éxodo hacia Italia y Francia. La pérdida de la guerra por el bando republicano y el estallido de la II Guerra Mundial generaron un importante éxodo dirigido sobre todo a América (Norte o Sur). Gracias a esta acogida se pudo salvar una buena parte del pensamiento científico español. Incluso logró desarrollarse y en algunas partes de Hispanoamérica alcanzar un fructífero maridaje con los medios científico o intelectuales locales.

En este artículo analizamos la recepción del "pensamiento político" de Rodolfo Walsh en la revista Controversia (1979-1981), más específicamente, la recepción y publicación de unos documentos internos que Walsh, junto con compañeros a su mando en la organización Montoneros, escribió entre agosto de 1976 y enero de 1977, con el objetivo de producir una discusión interna que fuera capaz de impulsar un análisis crítico de la situación de Montoneros en aquellos días dramáticos. Nos interesa esta recepción por dos razones: en primer lugar, porque revela una de las críticas centrales sostenidas en Controversia contra las organizaciones revolucionarias: que la derrota militar que la organización revolucionaria estaba sufriendo era la consecuencia de una derrota política previa; en segundo lugar, nos interesa esta recepción porque posibilita comprender cómo Controversia elabora el pasaje del "intelectual revolucionario" al "intelectual crítico". ; In this article we analize the reception of the "political thought" of Rodolfo Walsh in the magazine Controversia (1979-1981), more specifically, the reception and publication of one of his internal documents that Walsh, together with his in-command partners inside the Montoneros organization, wrote between August of 1976 and January of 1977, with the objective of producing an internal discussion that may be able to propel a critical analysis of the situation of Montoneros on those dramatic days. We are interested in this reception for two reasons: in first place, because it reveals one of the main reviews sustained in Controversia against the revolutionary organizations: the military defeat that the revolutionary organization was suffering was the consequence of a prior political defeat; in second place we are interested in this reception because it allows to understand how Controversia prepares the passage of the "revolutionary intellectual" to the "critical intellectual". ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in Ukraine under martial law the system of protection of intellectual property rights and mechanisms of its public administration is continuously transformed, which implies a scientific search to identify the problems that exist in this area and the development of effective practical solutions to overcome them. The purpose of the study was to identify the main features and obstacles arising in the implementation of public administration in the field of intellectual property and the implementation of protection of its objects under martial law in Ukraine. The research methods used were general and special legal methods of knowledge. Everything allows to conclude that there is an urgent need to develop new mechanisms of digital security of copyrights and to push forward the creation of blockchain accounting of copyright objects. Similarly, a revision of the approach to the evaluation of objects of intellectual property rights and the determination of the inventive level is needed, as a condition of possibility to adapt the legislation governing the matter to the needs of today's society.

The value of intellectual property is now growing by the day in view of globalization of economic processes and integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy. The need for development of legislation in the field of intellectual property, improvement of legal mechanisms to protect the intellectual deliverables is dictated by a market economy, changes in social relations, as well as the inconsistency of regulatory enforcement, which prevents from proper implementation of the individual's rights in the sphere of intellectual property realization. Over the past decade, the entrepreneurial activity has demonstrated an increase in a number of facts of recognition of the intellectual property created by an employee as work for hire (WFH). Under these procedures, both employers and employees often make mistakes that subsequently lead to such items being non-protectable. The point is that the current legislation has no procedure or criteria to recognize the intellectual property created by employees as WFH. However, failure to observe the procedures regulated by tax legislation when recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH poses a high risk for instituting administrative action against the employer. In this paper, we will try to determine the procedure and criteria for recognizing the results of an employee's intellectual activity as WFH.

Quieren ser libres de decir lo que piensan, aunque no sean libres de pensar lo que dicen; por otra parte no se cuestiona si son libres los medios de propiedad privada donde escriben y hablan. A esta dramaturgia parece reducirse hoy todo el debate sobre la libertad de expresión y de prensa: libertad de expresión sin libertad intelectual y libertad de prensa sin prensa libre de la propiedad privada. Esto mismo explica por qué los medios y la prensa necesitan de intelectuales, para legitimarse ideológica y políticamente, y por qué los intelectuales se vuelven mediáticos, al modificarse su "posición de clase" en la sociedad actual. ; They want to be free to express what they think, even though they are not free to think what they say; on the other hand, it is not questioned whether the private media organizations from where they speak and write are free. Currently, it seems that all debates on freedom of speech and press have been reduced to this drama freedom of speech without intellectual freedom and press freedom without free press from private property. This explains why the media and the press need intellectuals, in order to legitimize themselves ideologically and politically, and why intellectuals turn into the media, when their "class position" within current society is modified.