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In recent years, scholars have called for studies that explore framing effects in the context of the real world. A growing amount of research is devoted to the question of which real-world factors enhance, limit, or obliterate framing effects. However, the important question whether framing effects vary depending on the level of attitudinal ambivalence – a prevalent psychological phenomenon that is shown to have significance influence on media effects and attitude change – has not been addressed. Based on a web-based between-subject experimental study (total N=177), this research investigates whether and how attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects. The study shows that both the effects of the positive framed message (i.e., the message emphasizing a favorable consideration to the issue selected) and negative framed message (i.e., the message which emphasize unfavorable consideration) are affected by the level of attitudinal ambivalence. In particular, the positive framing effect is enhanced by the higher level of attitudinal ambivalence, while the negative framing effect gets weakened. These opposite results could be explained by the hypothetical mechanism of interaction, which holds that attitudinal ambivalence affects framing effects via affecting the role of predisposition in moderating framing effects. This hypothetical mechanism is supported by the experimental evidence. In addition, the theoretical and practical implications of this research will be discussed. ; 近年來,不少學者均呼籲要在現實世界的情境中探索框架效應。而近年亦有越來越多的研究,專注於去探討有什麼現實世界的因素,會加強、削弱甚或是消除框架效應。然而,在這研究範疇中,還有一條重要卻尚未被處理過的問題 - 框架效應的影響,會不會因矛盾心態程度上的不同而有所變化?矛盾心態是世實世界中的一個常見心理現象。已有證據顯示,它會對其他的媒體效應、及態度轉變有來顯著的影響。 ; 本文會以網上組間實驗的證據為基礎,探討矛盾心態會否及會如何影響框架效應。實驗結果顯示,矛盾心態分別影響了正面的框架化訊息 (正面訊息強調利好於事件的考慮)及反面的框架化訊息(反面訊息強調不利於事件的考慮)的影響。具體來說,矛盾心態加強了正面框架化訊息的影響,卻削弱了負面訊息的影響。這樣相反結果,可以被本文假設的相互作用機制所解釋。這機制假定,矛盾心態對框架效應的影響,是在個人回應框架訊息的過程中,通過改變個人傾向的影響力而產生的。實際的實驗結果,亦支持了這個假設的機制。 ; 本文亦會探討這項研究的學術意義及實用意義。 ; Lee, Po Chiu Ivan. ; Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2013. ; Includes ...

Li Wei. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; English Abstract --- p.ii ; Chinese Abstract --- p.vii ; Acknowledgements --- p.vi ; Table of Contents --- p.vii ; List of Graphs and Tables --- p.ix ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review ; Chapter 2.1 --- Social Security and Savings --- p.3 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Pension Funds and Financial Markets --- p.10 ; Chapter 2.3 --- China's Pension Reform --- p.14 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- China's Pension Reform ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Evolution of Pension System --- p.18 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Background for Current Reform --- p.21 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The New Pension System --- p.27 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Key Issues for Future Reform --- p.31 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- The Impact of Pension Reform on Private Savings in China ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Theory --- p.36 ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Model --- p.40 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Data and Methodology --- p.45 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Empirical Results --- p.49 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- The Interaction between Pension Reform and Financial Marketin China ; Chapter 5.1 --- The Effects of A Funded Pension System on Financial Market --- p.53 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Pension Reform and Financial Market in China --- p.59 ; Chapter Chapter 6: --- Experiences of Chile and Singapore and the Implications for China ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Pension Reform in Chile --- p.69 ; Chapter 6.2 --- The Central Provident Funds in Singapore --- p.70 ; Chapter 6.3 --- The Implications for China --- p.71 ; Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.76 ; Bibliography --- p.79 ; Data Appendix --- p.85

by Li Hang-tsang, Steven. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; List of Tables --- p.i ; List of Charts --- p.iii ; List of Diagrams --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Global Interaction and Economic Development --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Sociological Perspectives of Economic Development --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Network Perspective of Global Interaction --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and research Design --- p.9 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.1 --- World System Perspective and Global Interaction --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification Scheme of World System Perspective --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Global Interaction and the Operation of Capitalism --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Global Interaction and Economic Development --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Economic Business Cycle and Economic Development --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Global Factors and Economic Development --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- Local Factors and Economic Development --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Critiques and Limitations of World System Perspective --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Limitation of Theory Testing --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Insufficient Study of Global Interaction --- p.27 ; Chapter (1) --- Interaction Among Core Countries --- p.29 ; Chapter (2) --- Interaction Between Core Country and Semi-Peripheral Country --- p.30 ; Chapter (3) --- Interaction Among Peripheral Countries --- p.31 ; Chapter (4) --- Other Unspecified Interaction --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- The Ignored Facets of Global Interaction --- p.32 ; Chapter (1) --- Interaction Partner --- p.32 ; Chapter (2) --- Interaction Intensity --- p.32 ; Chapter (3) --- The Combined Effect of Interaction Partner and Interaction Intensity --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Network Perspective and New Conception to Global Interaction --- p.35 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses --- p.39 ...

陳偉基. ; "2002年8月" ; 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. ; 參考文獻 (leaves 196-205) ; 附中英文摘要. ; "2002 nian 8 yue" ; Chen Weiji. ; Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. ; Can kao wen xian (leaves 196-205) ; Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. ; 摘要 --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.iii ; 引言 --- p.1 ; 作爲正規戰爭的「安史之亂」 --- p.1 ; 戰爭史的基本硏究槪念 --- p.4 ; 本論文的主要觀點 --- p.9 ; Chapter 第一章 --- 前人硏究回顧 --- p.13 ; 戰爭爆發的原因 --- p.13 ; 有關燕的硏究 --- p.24 ; 關於唐的硏究 --- p.29 ; 戰爭持續的原因與影響 --- p.33 ; 展望 --- p.35 ; Chapter 第二章 --- 政治衝突的升級與戰爭的爆發 --- p.38 ; 安祿山對造反的粉飾 --- p.38 ; 戰爭主要背景略說 --- p.40 ; 楊國忠時期的政局 --- p.43 ; 野心的揭穿與衝突的升級 --- p.48 ; Chapter 第三章 --- 燕戰略的形成與演變 --- p.55 ; 河東持節系統的變化 --- p.55 ; 起兵前的討論 --- p.61 ; 間接路線的施行 --- p.71 ; 對太原的突然性行動 --- p.74 ; 中路軍隊的行軍特點 --- p.77 ; 河北親唐勢力的障礙 --- p.84 ; 東面戰線的戰略錯誤 --- p.87 ; 安慶緒對河北防務的重整 --- p.89 ; 燕軍的安全性徹退 --- p.92 ; 史思明父子對舊戰略的因循 --- p.94 ; Chapter 第四章 --- 唐戰略的形成與演變 --- p.97 ; 戰略的錯誤評估 --- p.97 ; 直接戰略的採用 --- p.99 ; 中央與前線的分歧 --- p.102 ; 政權的過渡與戰略的重建 --- p.108 ; 政治目的的制約 --- p.110 ; 直接戰略的重現 --- p.112 ; 野戰能力不足的影響 --- p.114 ; 消耗戰-最有效的抵抗模式 --- p.120 ; 弩手隊的短暫性使用 --- p.125 ; 回紇騎兵的戰術作用 --- p.126 ; 中央野戰軍的建立 --- p.129 ; Chapter 第五章 --- 燕對建立政權正當性的嘗試 --- p.134 ; 傳統中國的正當性理論 --- p.135 ; 燕正當性建立略考 --- p.136 ; 安祿山起事集團成員 --- p.146 ; 戰時河北太守的任命 --- p.150 ; 早期人事部署的失敗 --- p.153 ; 仿唐制的中央政府 --- p.156 ; 徒具其名的燕宰相 --- p.160 ; 中央政府的弱點 --- p.166 ; Chapter 第六章 --- 唐招降政策的推行與作用 --- p.169 ; 二元政治的特點 --- p.170 ; 政策的提出 --- p.174 ; 政治道德的制約 --- p.176 ; 三司審訊的成立與廢置 --- p.180 ; 政策對戰爭的作用 --- p.185 ; 結語 --- p.190 ; 參考資料 --- p.196 ; 附錄 --- p.206 ; Chapter 表一: --- 燕官一覽表 --- p.206 ; Chapter 表二: --- 燕墓誌一覽表 --- p.216 ; Chapter 地圖一: --- 河南河北形勢圖 --- p.217 ; Chapter 地圖二: --- 洛陽長安形勢圖 --- p.218

by Cheung Hiu Wan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves [135-140]). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgement ; Abstract ; List of figures ; Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of Study --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.17 ; Chapter Chapter 2. --- Historical Development of Comics in China ; Chapter 2.1 --- Comics History before1949 --- p.24 ; Chapter 2 . 2 --- Comics under the Reign of Chinese Communist Party --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Beijing Cartoon after the Open Door Policy --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.39 ; Chapter Chapter 3 . --- Interaction with the Leaders of Beijing Publishing House ; Chapter 3.1 --- Leaders´ةExpectation for Beijing Cartoon --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Discrepancy between the Senior and Junior Editors --- p.51 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Editors' Comments on Interaction with the Leaders of the Beijing Publishing House --- p.54 ; Chapter Chapter 4. --- Interaction with the Senior Artists ; Chapter 4.1 --- Cartoon Art Festival98 --- p.57 ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Invasion of Japanese Comics --- p.59 ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Essence of Comics with Chinese Features --- p.63 ; Chapter 4.4 --- The Expected Role of the Chinese Government --- p.67 ; Chapter 4.5 --- The Editors´ة Comments on Cartoon Art Festival98 --- p.68 ; Chapter 4 . --- 6 Concluding Remarks --- p.70 ; Chapter Chapter 5. --- Interaction with the Junior Artists ; Chapter 5.1 --- Social Status of the Junior Artists --- p.12 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Cooperation with Beijing Cartoon --- p.11 ; Chapter 5.3 --- Why do they Join the Comics Business --- p.79 ; Chapter 5.4 --- Agreement and Terms of Payment --- p.87 ; Chapter 5.5 --- Summer Camping: Market Mechanism and Autonomy in Artists' Creation --- p.88 ; Chapter 5.6 --- The Editors' Expectation on the Roles of The Artists --- p.96 ; Chapter 5.7 --- Artists' Comments on the ...

"Partant d'une description complète de la législation impériale promulguée par le gouvernement des Qing pour la Mongolie, l'auteur examine dans ce livre les problèmes nés de l'introduction de cette législation aux Mongols et de l'application de celle-ci. L'étude d'un large éventail de documents juridiques - incluant les codes mongols antérieurs aux Qing, la législation impériale, les règlements administratifs et les jugements rendus à la fois aux niveaux local et central - lui permet d'analyser les interactions entre le droit et diverses questions relatives à l'autonomie locale, au pluralisme juridique, à l'assimilation politique et aux relations entre le centre et la périphérie."--Back cover

Ming, Sze Chai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. ; ABSTRACT ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ; TABLE OF CONTENTS ; LIST OF FIGURES ; LIST OF TABLES ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ; Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research Area --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 ; Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AFTER 1979 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Development before 1978 --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Two Fundamental Issues of Urban Transformation in China --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Major Transformation in the Post-Reform China --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Emergence of the Market --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Decentralization --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Globalization --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- A New Form of Government Behaviour: Growth Coalitions --- p.16 ; Chapter 2.3.5 --- Interaction between Central and Local Government --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.3.6 --- Interaction among Local Governments --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.7 --- Changes in the Social-Cultural Environment --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Previous Studies on Kunshan --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 ; Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN ; Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework: System Approach --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Components and Operation of a System --- p.34 ; Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Inputs --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Processes --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Outputs --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Feedback --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework and Design --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Documentary and Data Analysis --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interviews --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.4 --- Fieldwork --- p.43 ...

現有的媒體-抗爭互動機制研究,其結論多是主流媒體傾向非法化、瑣碎化社會運動。但針對威權語境中的媒體-抗爭互動現象,這一論點不再適用。本研究通過2009年廣州番禺反建垃圾焚燒廠事件,探究地方媒體與草根環境運動在與政府協商公共議題時,形成何種互動機制。本文以公共性概念為理論起點,以參與式公共性與可視性公共性這兩種模式作為分析工具,來理解媒體與運動的實踐及其互動。 ; 本研究使用多種方法考察事件發展過程,同時試圖建構出媒體-運動的互動機制。主要研究材料包括媒體文本、新聞從業者與抗爭居民的口頭和書面陳述。本文用內容分析方法考察媒體如何再現抗爭居民與當地政府的話語鬥爭,以及新聞框架如何發展演變。研究者與20位新聞從業者與抗爭居民進行深度訪談,以瞭解其行動的目的、策略與束縛,並探索雙方如何理解與評價自身、對方與社會語境。 ; 本文的主要貢獻,是通過考察威權語境中的媒體-運動的互動實踐現象來豐富原有的公共性概念。研究發現雙方形成了深度互動、平等、共存的關係。首先,媒體的報道使與抗爭相關的公共論述得以生成、發展、充實。多角度的媒體報道涵蓋了環保與民主參與等話題,由此挑戰了官方對抗爭的打壓式論述。其次,在運動的架構過程中,抗爭居民創造出媒介互動策略,具體表現為抗爭者認識到傳統媒體記者所受的束縛,並與其合作突破這種束縛。他們同時也使用新媒體平台直接動員公眾展開集體行動。最後,新聞從業者發展出抗爭新聞劇目的生產機制,使得抗爭事件停留於報端,令抗爭者成為公共論述的參與者。新聞從業者在追求職業認同與獨立時還借用抗爭的概念,將其用作由下至上新聞改革的資源。 ; 以上發現表明,媒體與社會運動作為社會行動者,其互動機制中體現出一種具有建構性與矛盾性的公共性。通過這一媒介化的抗爭事件,雙方發展出針對官方論述的話語抗爭,使得原本屬於越軌範疇的抗爭話語得以進入可公開爭議的合法範疇,由此得以重新界定公開話語空間中的意識形態邊界。 ; Existing studies of media-movement interaction have argued that mainstream media tends to illegitimize and trivialize social movements. However, when applied to the newly emerged media-movement interactions in the context of an authoritarian regime, such argument becomes untenable. This study takes an anti-incinerator event taken place in Panyu, Guangzhou in 2009 as its foci of investigation. It examines how local media and the grassroots environmental movement cooperatively negotiated public issues with the government. The concept of publicity and two models of publicity (participatory publicity and visibility publicity) will be introduced. These two models will be used as analytical tools to understand the practice of and the interaction between the media and the movement. ; Methodologically, this study adopts multiple methods to trace the process of the event and model the media-movement interaction mechanism. This research constructs the case by analyzing the media texts, together with both oral and written accounts of the journalists and the activists. Content analysis is employed to measure how the media represent the discursive struggles between local residents and local government, as well as how the media ...

Ho Man-sze. ; Thesis submitted in: December 2004. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves [83]-[86]). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; List of Tables ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Political versus Apolitical Youth --- p.1 ; Colonial Background of HK --- p.3 ; Political Aspirations of HK Youth --- p.4 ; Youth Studies in Political Participation --- p.7 ; Research Questions --- p.8 ; Significance of the Study --- p.10 ; Outline of the Thesis --- p.14 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.16 ; Habermasian Public Sphere --- p.16 ; Basic Principles of Public Sphere by Jurgen Habermas --- p.17 ; The Potential Public Sphere for HK Youth --- p.19 ; The Subaltern Public Sphere of HK Youth --- p.25 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology --- p.33 ; Questionnaire Survey: HK Youth Values 2002 --- p.33 ; The Political Attitude of HK Youth --- p.34 ; In-depth Interviews --- p.37 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data Analyses --- p.41 ; Existence of Political Discussions --- p.41 ; A Subaltern Public Sphere of HK Youth? --- p.50 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussions and Conclusions --- p.73 ; Social and Political Discussions Found --- p.73 ; The Possible Arena of Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.74 ; Domination within a Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.75 ; Co-existence of Dominant and Subaltern Public Sphere --- p.76 ; Interactions with the Wider Publics --- p.77 ; Contributing the Democratic Development of HK --- p.78 ; "Broadening the Definition of ""Subaltern""" --- p.79 ; Summary --- p.81

Cheung Kin Hang. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-97). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction ; Divergent meanings of trust and institution --- p.1 ; Research questions --- p.1 ; Structure of thesis --- p.3 ; Chapter Chapter 2: --- Trust and Bounded Rationality ; Meaning and the four key elements of trust --- p.5 ; Plausible loss due to lack of certainty --- p.7 ; Positive expectation by a trusting party --- p.8 ; Relevance to human interaction --- p.9 ; Intentionality --- p.10 ; Trust and Rationality --- p.13 ; Herbert Simon's bounded rationality --- p.13 ; "Bounded rationality, use of authority, and trust" --- p.18 ; Chapter Chapter 3: --- Theory of Institution ; Institutionalisms in Politics and Exchange of Insights --- p.23 ; Understanding of North's Works --- p.25 ; North's understanding of human rationality and economic performance --- p.25 ; "Core idea, major traits of institution and its relationship with actors" --- p.30 ; Learning and Accumulation of Experiences --- p.38 ; Plasticity of human brain --- p.44 ; Path dependence and change of institution --- p.47 ; Chapter Chapter 4: --- Trust and Institution ; Divergent understandings of relationship of trust and institution --- p.54 ; At the neural level: institutionalized experience and neural systems for trust --- p.57 ; At interpersonal and organizational level: reciprocal trust and impacts of empowerment --- p.62 ; At organizational and macro-social level: deprivation experience and social violence --- p.68 ; Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusion --- p.73 ; References --- p.76

Intro -- Series Editor's Preface: A Wisdom Was Passed, While His Academic Big Fruits Are Still Alive -- 序 : 哲人其 硕果 存 (A Wisdom Was Passed, While His Academic Big Fruits Are Still Alive) -- Foreword I: Commentary on Prof. Lingliang Zeng's Academic Thought of International Law -- Academic Life of Prof. Lingliang Zeng -- Professor Lingliang Zeng's Theoretical Contributions to International Law Studies in China -- Actively Advocated the Construction of International Law from a Chinese Perspective -- Strong Support to Promote the Innovation in International Law Ideas and Principles Based on the Belief of a Community of Common Destiny -- Demonstrated Dialectics of Sovereignty in a Scientific Manner -- Precisely Elaborated the Humanizing Tendency of Contemporary International Law -- Clarified the Interactions Between China's Peaceful Development and Contemporary International Law -- Advocated Building China's Discourse System of International Law -- Called for Attention to Value the Role of International Law in China's Rule of Law and National Governance -- Professor Lingliang Zeng's Pioneering Research on EU Law -- Professor Lingliang Zeng's Original Research on WTO Law -- Foreword II: Prof. Lingliang Zeng and EU Law Teaching & -- Studies in China -- Always Respected Professors, and Built on the Past Achievements of His Predecessors -- Started Studying EU Law Abroad by Chance, and Remained True to His Original Aspiration in the Changing Times -- Followed the Steps of His Predecessors, and Deeply Connected with Luojia Hills -- Built on the Past Achievements of His Predecessors, Laid Solid Foundation for the EU Law Discipline, and Promoted the Discipline Development -- Profound Insights and Originality -- Filled in Gaps in Domestic Studies, and Proposed New Ideas and Insights.