Suchergebnisse

Poverty reduction has been the top priority of the Indonesian government's developmental projects. At the age of climate change, however, the implementation of the policy faces greater challenges. Empirical observation gives rise to a question as to why do the climate change mitigation programs fail to bring about favorable effect to poverty reduction? The paper employs an intermestic approach to critically explaining the underlying problems concerning climate change and poverty reduction in Indonesia. The argument is that the political economy of climate change accelerates the existing structural factors which alienate the government from the poor people, and annihilates the moral relationships between the ruler and the ruled. To clarify this position, the discussion proceeds in two main parts. The first section outlines the significant use of the intermestic approach to analyzing the disconnection between climate change and the Indonesian government's economic policy to reduce poverty. The second section goes on to discern the structural factors which exacerbate the circumstances under which poverty reduction becomes a trivial issue in the ostensibly development policy directed to achieve economic progress. The concluding section reflects what can be learnt from the ongoing situation; on how to bring the state back into the right direction.

This study examines the micro enterprises of industrial sectors that receive Kredit Usaha Rakyat (People's Business Credit/KUR) or Commercial Credit (KK) in seven cities in East Java. First-ly, this study aims to measure the technical efficiency of micro enterprises in the industrial sector in East Java that accept KUR and KK using the Data Envelopment Analysis method; secondly, to ex-amine the factors that influence the technical efficiency of micro enterprises, which receive KUR and KK with Tobit Regression. Unlike others' researches, this paper attempts to determine the influ-ence of technical efficiency and other factors on the poverty status of micro entrepreneurs using logistic regression. The average technical efficiencies of KUR and KK recipient micro businesses using the as-sumptions of the DEA VRS model are 0.94 and 0.77. While the average technical efficiencies of KUR and KK recipient micro businesses using the assumptions of the DEA CRS model are 0.88 and 0.71. The factors that influence the technical efficiency of micro enterprises recipients of KUR and KK are profit, experience, geographical location, amount of credit, KUR access, the credit realization peri-od, and dummy variable of food and beverage products. The factors that influence the poverty status of micro-entrepreneurs are technical efficiency, income, KUR access, gender, number of household member, and geographical location. The results of this research can be a material consideration for the government in formulating policies.

This study discusses food crop agriculture in 29 districts in East Java, where many people are engaged in this field. This research defines two stages of equality. In this study using two model approaches, namely the first Model Analysis conducted using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the second model Partial least square (PLS). Research results Increasing agricultural productivity or efficiency is important to do with a variety of strategies both intensification and agricultural intensification.Improving the quality of rural community resources is very to be done. Good quality resources will increase the absorption of high technology and will increase the productivity of farmers and workers in other sectors in rural areas, the Government's budget for development must continue to be increased both in nominal terms and the accuracy of its allocation so that it is absorbed into rural communities effectively and efficiently so that it can improve the welfare of rural communities and controlling the price of basic necessities in the region is also important to do. Bank Indonesia and in collaboration with local governments to form a Regional Inflation Control Team (TPID) must work better in maintaining stable inflation because the rural poor are relatively vulnerable to price increases

Local Government expenditure is budgeting for all government needs and activities and managed under the authority of provinces, regencies, and municipalities through their respective regional heads. Well-targeted Local Government expenditure optimization has a significant impact on the regional economy. This research aims to determine poverty reduction in regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, by examining the variable's impact of social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue on poverty. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from 15 regencies/municipalities in South Sumatra Province during the 2010-2018 periods. The analysis technique uses in this research were Poverty Mapping with Klassen Typology and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Using the Klassen typology for poverty mapping in South Sumatra Province obtained four regional classifications (quadrant) based on poverty and economic growth: quadrant I (developed and fast-growing region), quadrant II (developed but depressed region), quadrant III (developing region), and quadrant IV (less developed region). The Klassen typology classification results: quadrant I include Palembang City, quadrant II includes Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, and Banyuasin Regency. Quadrant III includes Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, Prabumulih City, and Lubuk Linggau City. Also, quadrant IV includes Lahat Regency, Musi Rawas Regency, Ogan Ilir Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency, Empat Lawang Regency, and Pagar Alam City. The t-test regression results showed that Social assistance expenditure and local revenue affect poverty reduction, while capital expenditure does not significantly affect poverty reduction. The F-test regression results showed that poverty reduction was affected simultaneously by social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, and local revenue. Policies in social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure were not well-targeted. The policies expected to reduce poverty are to provide well-targeted social assistance expenditure and capital expenditure. ; Belanja Daerah adalah penganggaran untuk semua kebutuhan dan kegiatan pemerintahan dan dikelola di bawah kewenangan provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota melalui kepala daerahnya masing-masing. Optimalisasi Belanja Daerah yang tepat sasaran berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reduksi kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia, dengan menguji pengaruh variabel Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dari 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan selama periode 2010-2018. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemetaan Kemiskinan (Poverty Mapping) dengan Tipologi Klassen dan Regresi Linier Berganda. Dengan menggunakan Tipologi Klassen untuk pemetaan kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan diperoleh empat klasifikasi wilayah (kuadran) berdasarkan kemiskinan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi: kuadran I (daerah maju dan bertumbuh cepat), kuadran II (daerah maju tetapi tertekan), kuadran III (daerah sedang bertumbuh), dan kuadran IV (daerah relatif tertinggal). Hasil klasifikasi Tipologi Klassen: kuadran I meliputi Kota Palembang, kuadran II meliputi Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, dan Kabupaten Banyuasin. Kuadran III meliputi Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu, Kota Prabumulih, dan Kota Lubuk Linggau. Sedangkan kuadran IV meliputi Kabupaten Lahat, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan, Kabupaten Empat Lawang, dan Kota Pagar Alam. Hasil regresi uji-t menunjukkan bahwa Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) berpengaruh terhadap reduksi kemiskinan, sedangkan Belanja Modal tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap reduksi kemiskinan. Hasil regresi uji-F menunjukkan bahwa reduksi kemiskinan dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh Belanja Bantuan Sosial, Belanja Modal, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Kebijakan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal kurang tepat sasaran. Kebijakan yang diharapkan dapat mereduksi kemiskinan adalah dengan memberikan Belanja Bantuan Sosial dan Belanja Modal yang tepat sasaran.

The Bali Sejahtera Community-Based Development Program (CBD) is not the only program designed to respond to challenges, bringing Balinese families as part of an Indonesian family to live in prosperity. From the data collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics, the poverty rate in Bali has increased every year. To overcome the problem of poverty, the government has made various efforts by issuing development policies and programs by the central and regional governments. The condition of poverty is still a concern in Bali, inspiring the outside world, especially the World Bank to participate in overcoming it. Therefore, to implement a policy that has been designed by the Provincial Government of Bali, the Provincial Government of Bali in collaboration with the World Bank launched the Bali Sejahtera Community Development Program which began in 2001. Community Based Development uses a community-based or bottom up development program placing the community object program as the manager and main actor of the program in the sense that the community is given a full role to determine its own interests or needs in accordance with their potential. This program is managed through traditional institutions in Bali through Pakraman village. Badung as one of the regencies in Bali is the target of the CBD-Bali Sejahtera program with the number of Pakraman villages spread across 6 sub-districts in Abiansemal, Mengwi, South Kuta, Kuta, North Kuta and Petang, with a number of poor families as 5,680 households out of the total number 43,497 households. The selection of 49 Pakraman villages in Badung Regency was the object of research with the reason that, seeing from the development of the poverty line in Badung Regency that there was still a percentage of poverty that could be categorized as far from the expectation, Badung Regency was the Regency / City in Bali that had the Highest Original Income compared to other districts / cities in Bali. The analytical method used is qualitative.

Fiscal decentralization is one of the government's strategies to improve people's welfare. The fiscal decentralization policy instrument that can directly affect the quality of local government spending is The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK). The DAK management in the financial aspect has a few problems, nonoptimal regional government performance and mismatched allocation and government needs. Proposal based The Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) hopefully could adjust the development priorities determined by regional conditions, government needs, and undeveloped villages with high-level poverty. Pandeglang and Lebak Regency are the region with the highest poverty level in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze the DAK effect of each sector on poverty in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency. The analysis used Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) with DAK data for each field in 2018 and poverty data in 2019. The result showed that DAK variables in education, health, and agriculture tended not to reduce poverty rates. The DAK variable in the housing and settlement sector, the marine and fisheries sector, the tourism sector, and the market sector tended to reduce poverty. At the same time, the DAK variable in Road, sanitation, and village funds tended to reduce poverty levels in most districts. Based on the study, the poverty alleviation program in each district is adjusted to each of the DAK sectors that are influential. However, the result indicated that the adjustment of DAK sectors influenced the poverty alleviation program in every district in Pandeglang and Lebak Regency.

The purpose of monetary policy is to affect the economic activity through various channels of monetary transmission. One of the transmission channels Is via Islamic banking through financing to various sector of the economy. The change of monetary instruments certainly affects economic sectors differently Given the dual monetary system (Islamic and conventional) in Indonesia, it is interesting to see how those rates influence each of the economic sectors. This is important for the government in designing future economic programs by determining the specific sectors which must be prioritized. This paper aims to investigate the sensitivity of the economic sectors in response to the change in the Islamic and conventional monetary rate. The paper relies on the unit root test, the co-integration test, and impulse response functions, focusing on the period from May 2006 to February 2011. The data used is from monthly economic sectors for Islamic and conventional systems, Islamic monetary rates, and conventional monetary rates. The results show that Islamic banks play important roles in the monetary transmission process in the Indonesian economy. In particular, specific economic sectors react differently to both Islamic monetary instruments as well as conventional monetary instruments.

Actually, a serious program for poverty alleviation has been started since the last five years. Ta alleviate poverty problem especially in urban areas should not be focused on physical infrastructure development alone. it should be considering the dimension of social development to make urban development to be more harmony. Poverty alleviation is almost considered as the ultimate goals of the city planning, and this problem caused by the process of urbanization.Contemporary social problems in urban areas such as financial assistant for the poor, adolescent problem, drug abuse, criminality, prosti tution, social dysfunction, social cinflict, etc. Efforts to prevent these problems are needed; and improvement the quality of life of migrant workers should be the priority for the government of the municipalities. Regarding these problems, results of the the research in Keluraban Prawirodirjan found evidences that the empowerement program directed to migrant workers resulting a good lessons lerned for us. ; Actually, a serious program for poverty alleviation has been started since the last five years. Ta alleviate poverty problem especially in urban areas should not be focused on physical infrastructure development alone. it should be considering the dimension of social development to make urban development to be more harmony. Poverty alleviation is almost considered as the ultimate goals of the city planning, and this problem caused by the process of urbanization.Contemporary social problems in urban areas such as financial assistant for the poor, adolescent problem, drug abuse, criminality, prosti tution, social dysfunction, social cinflict, etc. Efforts to prevent these problems are needed; and improvement the quality of life of migrant workers should be the priority for the government of the municipalities. Regarding these problems, results of the the research in Keluraban Prawirodirjan found evidences that the empowerement program directed to migrant workers resulting a good lessons lerned for us.

This paper aims to describe the effectiveness of poverty reduction policy in Badung regency. Five indicators as a measure of the effectiveness of policy implementation are accuracy in terms of policies, implementers, targets, environment and processes. Implementation of the policy is said to be effective if the activities implemented can achieve the objectives with these precise criteria. Data obtained through observation, interviews with selected informants and documents related to the problem. The regency of Badung is chosen because it has high local revenue, has a Regional Poverty Reduction Coordination Team with coordinated working program, but has the same poverty rate in the last 5 years. Qualitative descriptive approach is used to reveal information and phenomena related to the implementation of poverty reduction policy. The findings show that the implementation of poverty reduction policy in Badung regency has not been effective. It can be seen from the unfulfilled criteria of the right target, the right external environment and the right process as the basis for determining the effectiveness of the implementation of a policy.

In the 1970s,Indonesiais one of thepoorest countries inAsia. In 1976, 54million people in Indonesia(40% of the population) belong to the categoryof poor. In1980-1990anperiodis a period ofhigh economic growth. High economicgrowthis closely linkedwithpoverty reductiondrasticallywhere the numberof poor peoplefell by almost50% from40millionto 22million peoplein 1981s/d1996.In the year2010 the numberof poor peopleamounted to31.02 million people, or about 13:33% andthe poverty ratein March2009 amounted to32.53million, or about 14:15% (BPS). LastBPS dataperSeptember 2013shows that there are28.59millionor11.66% ofthe totalpopulationinIndonesia.PovertyinIndonesia hasdecreasedsignificantlysincethe reformera. Acceleration ofpoverty reductionprogramsinIndonesiais donewithgoodsynergywork programsatnational and local levels. Poverty reduction programscurrently dividedinseveralclusters: Cluster(1) Direct AidSociety(BLM). Thisclusterincludes theSchool Operational Assistance(BOS), Community Health Insurance(Assurance), Ricefor the Poor(Raskin), Family Hope Program(PKH). Cluster1goalistoreducepovertyandimprove thequality ofhuman resources, especiallythe poor.Cluster (2) is the national community empowerment Program (PNPM) independently. The purpose of PNPM Mandiri is to increase prosperity and employment opportunities of the poor independently. Cluster (3) people's business credit (KUR) is a people's business credit is given to the poor without collateral to the community a certain amount. Purpose to provide and strengthening economic access for businessmen of small and micro-scale. An important aspect in strengthening is giving them freely to access of the poor to be able to try and improve the quality of life.In 2011 the Government carry out a Cluster of clusters of four. This Cluster includes: (1) the provision of the House very cheap, (2) a cheap public transport Vehicles, (3) clean water to the people, (4) enhancement of Life for fishermen, (5) improvement of Urban Edge Community Life. The 4 Cluster in the framework of poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), so the expected goal of the Millennium Development Goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 is reached. As it known that the millennium development goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is an attempt to meet the basic needs of the rights of man through a joint commitment between the 189 UN Member States to implement the 8 (eight) Millennium development goals, namely (1) tackling poverty and hunger, (2) achieve primary education for all, (3) encourage gender equality and the empowerment of women, (4) reduce child mortality, (5) improve maternal health, (6) fight against spread of HIVAIDS, malaria and other contagious diseases, (7) Living and Sustainability (8) global partnership in development. Eight of these targets as measurable goals for a single package of development and poverty reduction.In September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Summit, where world leaders agreed on eight development goals that are specific and measurable global called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The first seven goals focus on eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality; In September 2000, the United Nations improve maternal health, combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Whereas the eighth goal calls for the establishment of a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, trade and debt relief.However approach the year 2015, global world will experience the transformation of the global development of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The shifting of the MDGs to the SDGs doesn't mean the goal contained in the MDGs fail is reached. Quite the contrary, many world records that reveal the success in various countries, there is a remarkable improvement experienced by the poor countries in the ranking of HDI (human development index) the lowest. In the last 40 years, the State- countries that are in the lowest rank of 25 percent experienced improved HDI to 82. The IMF report in the 2013 Global Monitoring Report also explain the positive trend in the achievement of the MDGs. reduction of half of the world's poor population, reduction of half of the population without access to clean water, the Elimination of gender inequality in primary education in 2015, and the improvement of life in a hundred million slums by 2020 was reached more quickly, i.e. in 2010. ADB, a number of countries in Asia also experienced progress in achieving the millennium development goals. The number of poor population has decreased significantly in Malaysia, Viet Nam and China. In Thailand and Malaysia, long-term policies to overcome poverty coupled with their concern for the environment has made the countries that are in the lowest rank of 25 percent experienced improved HDI to 82. The IMF report, these countries are on a sustainable growth path. But not so the case with Indonesia, a country with a diversity of biodiversity in forests is raining but the risorsis contained therein are not managed sustainably and fairly.Programme of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be forwarded to Suistanable Development Goals (SDGs). The MDGs will expire in 2015, but until now there has been no final draft which will forward the MDGs program. to that end, scientists and many quarters trying to deepen the concept of SDGs as successor to the MDGs. Keywords: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), primary education, maternal health, clean water.

This research is motivated by the people of the Selayar Islands Regency who experience limited information about birth certificate documents at this time, which is due to limited human and material resources both in quantity and quality, as well as the geographical location in the form of islands. The main problem of this research is that the issuance of birth certificates is still not optimal. The purpose of this study was to describe the issuance strategy by the Department of Population and Civil Registration of the Selayar Islands Regency in accelerating the ownership of birth certificates. This study uses qualitative research methods with the object of research being the issuance of birth certificates. Data collection techniques: observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis consists of three activities carried out together, namely data selection, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study reveal that the Strategy of the Department of Population and Civil Registration has been running but still has obstacles in its implementation. This is due to various factors that occur in the field so that the implementation of the strategy has not been maximized. The researcher recommends that to reach services in the archipelago, it is better to use online. This will certainly make it easier for the community and officers to provide services in an effort to accelerate birth certificate ownership in the archipelago.