Suchergebnisse

In Scott, C. A.; Wester, P.; Maranon-Pimental, B. (Eds.). Asignacion, productividad y manejo de recursos hidricos en cuencas: memorias del Seminario Internacional Asignacion, Manejo y Productividad de los Recursos Hidricos en Cuencas, 7-9 Mayo 2000. In Spanish. Mexico, DF., Mexico: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.135-153. (IWMI Serie Latinoamericana 020)

Las sequías son fenómenos climáticos naturales que afectan a países de todo el planeta, aunque de manera desigual. Su duración, magnitud y frecuencia son específicas de cada región y determinarán el impacto causado a los recursos hídricos, y en última instancia, el grado de afección al resto de esferas (económicas, sociales y medioambientales) que dependen directa o indirectamente del suministro de agua. Según las proyecciones del cambio climático, se espera que las sequías sean cada vez más frecuentes e intensas conforme avance el siglo XXI. Esta tesis doctoral evalúa y propone diferentes herramientas para mejorar la gestión de sequías y situaciones de escasez, a través de: (1) una revisión crítica de la legislación y políticas de planificación del agua europeas y españolas; (2) un análisis crítico de las limitaciones e implicaciones prácticas de la aplicación del Plan Especial de Sequía (PES) de la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Guadalquivir (DHG) adoptado en 2018; (3) una evaluación crítica de la influencia real que tuvieron las alegaciones presentadas por las partes interesadas en el PES-DHG 2018; (4) una herramienta práctica de predicción de aportaciones mensuales y anuales dentro del año hidrológico en curso, para ayudar en la toma de decisiones estratégicas; y (5) una evaluación hidro-económica que aporta transparencia en los cálculos de recuperación de los costes del agua a nivel de sub-cuenca, así como ayuda a identificar la eficiencia económica en la asignación del recurso hídrico y la posible existencia de subsidios cruzados entre los distintos usuarios de un sistema. ; Droughts are natural phenomena that affect countries throughout the planet, albeit unevenly. The duration, magnitude and frequency are specific to each climate region and determine the impact on water resources and ultimately, the impact on the rest of water-dependent sectors (environment, society, economy). According to climate change projections, it is expected that they will become more frequent and intense as the 21st century progresses. This doctoral thesis assesses and develops different tools for improving drought management by providing: (1) a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of European and Spanish water legislation and planning policies; (2) a critical analysis of the limitations and practical implications of applying the most recent 2018 Guadalquivir River Basin (GRB) Drought Management Plan (DMP), with a special focus on the methodological approach and operational framework; (3) a critical assessment of the real influence of the public participation and consultation process in shaping the 2018 GRB DMP; (4) a practical streamflow forecasting tool to support strategic water decisions; and (5) a hydro-economic methodology to provide transparency in the water cost recovery calculations and identify potential cross-subsidies among water users. ; Tesis Univ. Granada.

Producción Científica ; This paper analyzes the dynamic interaction between two regions with interconnected river basins. Precipitation is higher in one river-basin while water productivity is higher in the other. Water transfer increases productivity in the recipient basin, but may cause environmental damage in the donor basin. The recipient faces a trade-off between paying the price of the water transfer, or investing in alternative water supplies to achieve a higher usable water capacity. We analyze the design of this transfer using a dynamic modeling approach, which relies on non-cooperative game theory, and compare solutions with different information structure (Nash open-loop, Nash feedback, Stackelberg) with the social optimum. We first assume that the equilibrium between supply and demand determines the optimal transfer price and amount. We show that, contrary to the static case, in a realistic dynamic setting in which the recipient uses a feedback information structure the social optimum will not emerge as the equilibrium solution. We then study different leadership situations in the water market and observe that the transfer amount decreases towards a long-run value lower than the transfer under perfect competition, which in turn lays below the social optimum. In consequence, the water in the donor's river-basin river converges to a better quality in the presence of market power. Finally, we numerically compare our results to the Tagus-Segura water transfer described in Ballestero (2004). Welfare gains are compared for the different scenarios. We show that in all dynamic settings, the long-run transfer amount is lower than in Ballestero's static model. Further, we show that the long-run price settles at a lower level than in Ballestero's model, but is still higher than the average cost-based price determined by the Spanish government.

The purpose of this article is to add information to the water policies design's debate with intercultural view in Mexico. It analyses water resources management in the lands inhabited by indigenous peoples, focused on human right to water. Methodology consists on combining two relevant databases to understand water accessibility in those lands and to locate the concentration of indigenous population. Among its limitations is that the basis of ethnographic interpretation were anthropological publications even though it is necessary firsthand information to understand the conflictive relationship between water management and indigenous people; consequently it should have been better to select case studies. The originality of this document is that synthetizes hydrological and anthropological information within a context of collective rights. Conclusions lead to propose that water management strategies should take into account these communities organization in such a way they can participate in decision-making related to the procedures that actually are created in the National Water Law.

Intro -- Tabla de Contenidos -- Figuras -- Tablas -- Prefacio -- Reconocimientos -- Capítulo 1 Resumen -- Capítulo 2 Resumen de Riesgos Potenciales -- Capítulo 3 Evaluación de la Vulnerabilidad -- Capítulo 4 Acciones de Mitigación -- Capítulo 5 Elaboración del Plan de Preparación -- Capítulo 6 Respuesta a Emergencias, Recuperación y Entrenamiento -- ANÁLISIS DE SEGURIDAD Y RESPUESTA PARA EMPRESAS DE SERVICIOS DE AGUA -- Apéndice A Directrices de Carolina del Sur para los Procedimientos ante Huracanes -- Abreviaturas y Definiciones -- Bibliografia -- Otros Recursos -- AWWA Manuales -- Índice.

Review-Essay of: YOUNG, Oran (ed.) Global Governance. Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997. CONCA, Ken, Governing Water. Contentious Transnational Politics and Global Institution Building, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2006. ; Review-Essay de: YOUNG, Oran (ed.) Global Governance. Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997. CONCA, Ken, Governing Water. Contentious Transnational Politics and Global Institution Building, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2006.

This issue is a product of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network's Thematic Area (TA) 3, the Urban Water Cycle and Essential Public Services. TA3 brings together academics, students, professionals working in the public sector, workers' unions, practitioners from Non-Governmental Organizations, activists and members of civil society groups, and representatives of communities and users of public services, among others. The remit of this TA is broad, as the name suggests, but it has a strong focus on the political ecology of urban water, with emphasis on the politics of essential water services (both in urban and rural areas). Key issues addressed within this framework have been the neoliberalization of water services, social struggles against privatization and mercantilization of these services, the politics of public policy and management in the sector, water inequality and injustice, and the contradictions and conflicts surrounding the status of water and water services as a public good, as a common good, as a commodity, as a citizenship right, and more recently, as a human right. This issue complements previous work published as Volume 6 No 2 in June 2019 and addresses the significance of community participation in the management and monitoring of water sources, and in the organization of essential water services in rural and periurban communities. The work has been organized by Marcela Morales-Magaña, National School of Higher Studies, Unit Morelia, Michoacán, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Jaime Paneque-Gálvez, Research Centre on Environmental Geography, also at UNAM in Morelia, Michoacán, México, and Alejandro Torres-Abreu, Transdisciplinary Institute of Social Research-Action, University of Puerto Rico, campus Humacao, Puerto Rico. The collection features four articles focused on experiences from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, presenting research results, some originated in the authors' recent doctoral dissertations.

This issue is a product of the WATERLAT-GOBACIT Network's Thematic Area (TA) 3, the Urban Water Cycle and Essential Public Services. TA3 brings together academics, students, professionals working in the public sector, workers' unions, practitioners from Non-Governmental Organizations, activists and members of civil society groups, and representatives of communities and users of public services, among others. The remit of this TA is broad, as the name suggests, but it has a strong focus on the political ecology of urban water, with emphasis on the politics of essential water services (both in urban and rural areas). Key issues addressed within this framework have been the neoliberalization of water services, social struggles against privatization and mercantilization of these services, the politics of public policy and management in the sector, water inequality and injustice, and the contradictions and conflicts surrounding the status of water and water services as a public good, as a common good, as a commodity, as a citizenship right, and more recently, as a human right. This issue complements previous work published as Volume 6 No 2 in June 2019 and addresses the significance of community participation in the management and monitoring of water sources, and in the organization of essential water services in rural and periurban communities. The work has been organized by Marcela Morales-Magaña, National School of Higher Studies, Unit Morelia, Michoacán, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Jaime Paneque-Gálvez, Research Centre on Environmental Geography, also at UNAM in Morelia, Michoacán, México, and Alejandro Torres-Abreu, Transdisciplinary Institute of Social Research-Action, University of Puerto Rico, campus Humacao, Puerto Rico. The collection features four articles focused on experiences from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, presenting research results, some originated in the authors' recent doctoral dissertations.

Human dignity has been a core notion in many regimes of international law, such as human rights and international humanitarian law. Respect for human dignity derives from the fundamental right to life. The right to life, considered as a peremptory rule of international law, provides human dignity with a more sophisticated status in legal terms. In other words, human dignity is no more a term with moral and ethical connotations but stemming from the right to life, it attains a legal and political dimension, evolving into a principle to be respected and protected. The present paper is divided in two parts: the first part examines human dignity in international biolaw and in the second it is traced in the right to water. Specifically, it is argued that in the regime of international biolaw, human dignity constitutes a core concept and it comes into focus primarily as an integral qualitative element; in the right to water, the international community has recognized that respect, protect and fulfill the individuals' right to water equals to respect for human dignity. Human dignity is reaffirmed in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, being a core element of any bioethical debate, as well as in General Comment No. 15, according to which adequacy, availability, accessibility and quality of water include human dignity as a sine qua non component. However, since respect for human dignity is not yet a principle or obligation but a mere appeal for the establishment of concrete regulatory frameworks for biolaw and the right to water, it should be combined with the erga omnes obligation for the protection of the right to life, in order to solve practical and theoretical dilemmas on a global and national level. ; Human dignity has been a core notion in many regimes of international law, such as human rights and international humanitarian law. Respect for human dignity derives from the fundamental right to life. The right to life, considered as a peremptory rule of international law, provides human dignity with a more sophisticated status in legal terms. In other words, human dignity is no more a term with moral and ethical connotations but stemming from the right to life, it attains a legal and political dimension, evolving into a principle to be respected and protected. The present paper is divided in two parts: the first part examines human dignity in international biolaw and in the second it is traced in the right to water. Specifically, it is argued that in the regime of international biolaw, human dignity constitutes a core concept and it comes into focus primarily as an integral qualitative element; in the right to water, the international community has recognized that respect, protect and fulfill the individuals' right to water equals to respect for human dignity. Human dignity is reaffirmed in the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, being a core element of any bioethical debate, as well as in General Comment No. 15, according to which adequacy, availability, accessibility and quality of water include human dignity as a sine qua non component. However, since respect for human dignity is not yet a principle or obligation but a mere appeal for the establishment of concrete regulatory frameworks for biolaw and the right to water, it should be combined with the erga omnes obligation for the protection of the right to life, in order to solve practical and theoretical dilemmas on a global and national level.

O presente artigo busca trazer de maneira suscinta e objetva o cenário da crise hídrica e a dificudade da gestão na política europeia. Defini-se a água como direito humano esencial à vida, analisando o cenário da União Européia, demonostrando que há uma crise de gestão no modelo atual, e a situação frente à pandemia COVID-19. Foi feita uma anaálise da situação atual. E desta leitura e análise, conclui-se que não só há uma deficiencia na gestão, mas também que a Uniao Européia possui planos para utrapassar a crise hídrica e de saúde que se encontra. ; This article seeks to briefly and objectively bring about the scenario of the water crisis and the difficultness of management in European politics. Water is defined as a human right to life, analyzing the scenario of the European Union, demonocing that there is a management crisis in the current model, and the situation in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An anaalysis of the current situation has been made. And from this reading and analysis, it is concluded that not only is there a lack of management, but also that the European Union has plans to solve the water and health crisis that is found.

El presente artículo, derivado de investigación, presenta un primer avance de algunas preguntas que han surgido respecto del abastecimiento sostenible y real de agua para Medellín, su calidad y los negocios que circulan en torno a este preciado recurso, presenta este texto, algunos hallazgos que nos posibilitan generar algunas líneas de análisis, con el fin de aportar en el necesario debate público, al respecto.

Water is not only chemistry or physics. It is also culture and ideology, so, apart from being an urgent biological need, it can be transmuted, not by alchemy in "holy water" or "blue gold". The importance of water is therefore not only fulfilling a vital organ function, but it is its ability to adopt a symbolic added value that transcends the purely biological. Based on this premise and from the theoretical perspective of political economy, water is capable of being transformed into "social capital", "political capital" or "economic capital", depending if their anthropological values are translated into key of "solidarity" by "authority" or "return". It symbolically transmutes "solidarity" when the liquid element becomes a socially guaranteed right for all users without distinction within a given community. It translates into authority, when it becomes a source of political power from which the access of its enjoyment is regulated to a greater or smaller number of beneficiaries. It is interpreted based upon profitability, when it shines in a business opportunity depending on the economic gain from its use.Keywords: water management, reciprocity, redistribution, market, social capital, political capital, economic capital, water transfers, bott led water. ; El agua no es sólo química ni física. También es cultura e ideología, por lo que, aparte de ser una necesidad biológica perentoria, puede transmutarse, no precisamente por alquimia, en 'agua bendita' o en 'oro azul'. La relevancia del agua consiste, pues, no sólo en satisfacer una función orgánica de importancia vital, sino en su capacidad para adoptar un valor simbólico añadido que trascienda lo puramente biológico. Partiendo de esta premisa y desde la perspectiva teórica de la economía política, el agua es susceptible de ser transformada en 'capital social', en 'capital político' o en 'capital económico', en función de que sus valores antropológicos se traduzcan en clave de 'solidaridad', de 'autoridad' o de 'rentabilidad'. Se transmuta simbólicamente en 'solidaridad', cuando el líquido elemento se convierte en un derecho humano socialmente garantizado para todos sus usuarios sin distinción dentro de una comunidad dada; se traduce en autoridad, cuando se torna en una fuente de poder político desde el cual se regula el acceso de su disfrute a un mayor o menor número de beneficiarios; se interpreta en clave de rentabilidad, cuando se trasluce en una oportunidad de negocio dependiendo de la ganancia económica obtenida de su uso.Palabras clave: gestión hídrica, reciprocidad, redistribución, mercado, capital social, capital político, capital económico, trasvases, agua envasada.